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297 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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GI structures
(alimentary canal |
Mouth
Pharynx (throat) Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Lg Intestine Rectum Anus |
8
My Past Existence Seems Strangely Like Real Apples |
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Level of Organization
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Cell
Tissue Organ System Organism |
Come To Orangeburg Soon Okay
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Tissue Types
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Epithelial
Connective Muscle Nervous |
Each Cat Meows Nicely
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Commonly used anatomical planes
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Midsagittal
Coronal Transverse |
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Ventral (body cavities)
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thoracic
abdominopelvic |
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RUQ
|
Right Upper Quadrant
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RUQ includes what body structures?
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R lobe of the liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, part of the sm & lg intestines
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LUQ
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Left upper quadrant
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LUQ includes what body structures?
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L lobe of liver, stomach, speen, part of the pancreas, part of the sm & lg intestines
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RLQ
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Right Lower quadrant
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RLQ includes what body structures?
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part of the sm & lg intestines, appendix, R ovary, R fallopian tube, R ureter
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LLQ
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Left Lower Quadrant
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LLQ includes what body structures?
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part of the sm & lg intestines, L ovary, L fallopian tube, L ureter
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side-lying with knees flexed is what position?
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Sim position
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-trophy
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nourishment, development
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-plasia
-plasm |
formation, growth
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-gen
-genesis |
forming, producing, origin
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friable
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easily broken or pulverized
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punctate
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having pinpoint punctures or depression on the surface; marked with dots
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often used to mark radiation points for cancer patients
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varices
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tortuous dilations of a vein
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fulguration
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tissue destruction by means of hi-frequency electric sparks
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cheil/o
labi/o |
lip
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gloss/o
lingu/o |
tongue
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enter/o
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intestine
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usually small intestine
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an/o
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anus
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cholangi/o
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bile vessel
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chol/e
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bile, gall
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cholecyst/o
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gallbladder
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choledoch/o
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bile duct
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bilirubin is also known as...
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icterus
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ascites
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accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen
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associated with cirrhosis, high blood pressure, cancer, heart failure
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borborygmus
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rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
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colic
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spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ accompanied by pain; especially in the colon
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deglutition
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the act ot swallowing
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Crohn disease or regional enteritis
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chronic inflammation, usually of the ilium, but possibly affection any portion of the intestinal tract
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dysentery
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inflammation of the intestines, esp. the colon.
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Possibly caused by injestion of water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria etc
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dyspepsia
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indigestion; epigastric discomfort after eating
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dysphagia
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inability or difficulty in swallowing
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idi/o
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unknown, peculiar
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fluor/o
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luminous, flourescent
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-gnosis
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knowing
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think-
pro gnosis |
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cyt/o
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cell
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You can do this.
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Just breathe, and concentrate
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syn-
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union, together, joined
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steatorrhea
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passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it.
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melena
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passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
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coffee grounds
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nevus
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congenital discoloration of the skin due to pigmentation; birthmark or mole
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signs and symptoms of eczema
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inflammation of the skin with redness, lesions, itching
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signs and symptoms of impetigo
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bacterial skin infection with pustules that rupture and form cysts
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bladder
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vesic/o
or cyst/o |
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nitrogenous compounds
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azot/o
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andr/o
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male
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abnormal condition of gall stones
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cholelithiasis
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proximal can also be called...
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proxim/o
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turning inward or inside out
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inversion
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-penia
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decrease, deficiency
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-phagia
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eating, swallowing
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-phasia
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speech
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EX: aphasia= absense or imperment of speech
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-rrhage
-rrhagia |
bursting (of)
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-rrhexis
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rupture
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-ac
-al -ar |
pertaining or relating to
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-ary
-eal -ic |
pertaining or relating to
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-icle
-ior -tic |
pertaining or relating to
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-esis
-ia -ism |
condition
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methods of biopsy
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needle
punch shave frozen section |
No Poodles Share Food
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needle biopsy entails what?
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removal of a small tissue sample for exam using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe
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punch biopsy entails what?
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removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow instrument
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shave biopsy entails what?
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removal of tissue using a surgical blade to shave an elevated lesion
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frozen section biopsy entails what?
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ultra-thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological exam
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U&L
or U/L |
Upper and Lower
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BX
or bx |
biopsy
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abscess
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walled cavity containing pus & surrounded by inflammed or necrotic tissue
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chloasma
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pigmentary skin discoloration; usually occurring in yellowish-brown patches or spots.
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Position for sigmoidoscopic examination
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knee-chest position
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duodeneal bulb...
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upper duodenal area just above the plorus
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exocrine
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pertinant to a gland that secrets outwardsly through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel
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pepsin
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enzyme secreted in the stomach that begins the digestion of proteins
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diverticulosis
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condition in which small blister-like pockets (diverticula) develop in the inner lining of the lg intestine and may balloon through the intestinal wall
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eructation
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belching; producing gas from the stomach
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fecalith
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fecal concretion
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GERD
(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) |
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
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obstipation
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intestinal obstruction; severe constipation
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malabsorbtion syndrome
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symptom complex of the small intestine. Characterized by the impared passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
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What is epithelial tissue?
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covers the surfaces of organs; lines cavitied and canals, forms tubes, ducts and secreting portions of glands.
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Also makes up epidermis of the skin; sheets and layers
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Purpose of connective tissue
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supports & connects the tissues and organs
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Muscle tissue- tell me more
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contractile tissue; responsible for movement
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Nervous issue- tell me more
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transmits electrical impulses
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What do you know about organs?
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body structures composed of at least 2 or more tissue types that perform specialized functions.
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What is a body system?
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body system of varying number of organs & accessory structures that have similar or interrelated structures
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furnuncle
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bacterial infection of a hair follicle or sebaceous gland that produces a pus-filled lesion commonly called a boil
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debridement
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removal of foreign material & dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound; used to promote healing & to prevent infection
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keratosis
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any skin condition characterized by the formation of horny growths
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renal pelvis
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pyel/o
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balan/o
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glans penis
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pertanent to vas deferens
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vasal
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CT scan is what?
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imaging technique; rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring intensity of emitted rays from different angles
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formerly CAT scan
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Doppler, what is it?
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Ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood flow velocity & direction through the heart chambers, valves & peripheral vessels
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reflects sound waves off of moving blood cells
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MRI. Tell me more.
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non-invasive imaging technique, uses radiowaves & a stong magnetic field (instead of x-rays) to produce multi-planar cross-sectional images
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Nuclear Scan. What for?
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diagnostic technique using radioactive material (a radiopharmaceutical) introduced into the body (inahled, injested, injected) a scanning device is then used to determine size, shape, location & function of various organs & structures
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PET
not the kitty kind |
Positron Emission Tomography. Scan with computed tomography to record the postitrons (+charged particles) emitted from a radio pharmacutical, producing a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity in body tissue to determine the presence of disease
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SPECT
(Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) |
non-invasive imaging technique that provides clear 3D pics of a major organ by injecting a radio-nuclide & detecting the emitted radiation using a special device called a Gamma Camera
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Tomography
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radiographic technique that produces an image representing a detailed cross-section or 'slice' of an area, tissue, or organ at a predetermined depth
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US
(ultrasonography) |
image produced by by hi-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) & displaying the reflected echos on a monitor
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aka- ultrasound, sonography, echo, echogram
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Biopsy
(Bx) |
representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic exam, usually to establish a diagnosis
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ablation
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removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical distraction, electrocautery, ffreezing, or radiofrequency (RF).
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cauterize
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destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals
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currettage
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scraphing of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette.
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I&D
(incision & drainage) |
incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawl of fluids from a wound or cavity
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radical dissection
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surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surounding the surgical site in an attempt tp excise all tissue that may be malignent to decrease the chance of recurrence
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EX- radical mastectomy
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resection
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partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure
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DSA
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digital subtraction angiography
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acne
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inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands & hair follicles of the skin
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Bowen Disease
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form of intraepidermal carcinoma (squamous cells) characterized by red-brown scaly or crusted lesions that resemble a patch of psoriasis or dermatitis
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carbuncle
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deep-seated pygenic infection of the skin usually involving subcutaneous tissues
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cellulitis
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diffuse (widespread), acute infection of the skin & subQ tissue
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pertaining to the outter wall of a body cavilty
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parietal
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abnormal condition of polyps in the Lg intestines
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polyposis
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dendr/o
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tree
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lex/o
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word, phrase
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lept/o
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thin, slender
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sthen/o
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strength
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radicul/o
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nerve root
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nerve root
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thec/o
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sheath; usually refers to the meninges
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-esthesia
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feeling
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think: anesthesia
an= without feeling |
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-lepsy
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seizure
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pachy-
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thick
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EX-
pachyderm = thick skin (an elephant) |
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syn-
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union, together, joined
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ataxia
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lack of muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
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condition of acute polyneuritis with progressive muscle weakness in the extremeties
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parasthesia
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sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity
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Reye syndrome
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acute encephalopathy & fatty infiltration of the brain, liver & possibly the pancreas, Ht, kidney, spleen & lymph nodes
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usually seen in kids under 15 yo who had an acute viral infection
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tractotomy
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transsection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord
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trephation
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technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue; performed to decrease Intra Cranial Pressure (ICP)
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adnexa
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tissue or structure in the body adjacent to or near a related structure
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gustation
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sense and act of tasting foods, beverages, or other substances
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slit lamp
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microscpoe with a specialized light that allows magnification of eye structures. Especially the lens, cornea, iris. Also additional attachments the vitreous humor & retina
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ambly/o
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dull/dim
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core/o
pupill/o |
pupil
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cycl/o
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ciliary body of eye; circular, cycle
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dacryocyst/o
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lacrimal sac
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glauc/o
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gray
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goni/o
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angle
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phac/o
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lens
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presby/o
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old age
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scot/o
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darkness
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myring/o
tympan/o |
tympanic membrane
(eardrum) |
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-opia
-opsia |
vision
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-tropia
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turning
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-acusia
-cusis |
hearing
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glaucoma test
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tonometry
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throat
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pharyng/o
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mouth
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or/o
stomat/o |
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suture of the intestines
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enter o rrhaphy
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prandial
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meal
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abdominal
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abdom/o
lapar/o |
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cells
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cyt/o
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-malacia
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softening
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fungus
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myc/o
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abdominal is also...
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lapar/o
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-centesis
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surgical puncture
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-tome
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instrument to cut
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-tomy
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incision
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-tripsy
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crushing
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hidr/o
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sweat
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xanth/o
cirrh/o |
yellow
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-scopy
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visual examination
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-emia
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blood condition
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-itis
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inflammation
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-lith
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stone, calculus
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-rrhea
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discharge or flow
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-stenosis
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narrowing, stricture
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hemi-
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one half
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ad-
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toward
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-ectasis
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dilation, expansion
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-clasis
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to break, surgical fracture
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-desis
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binding, fixation or a bone or joint
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what is a surgical suffix?
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type of invasive procedure performed on a body part
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this one needs re-wording
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major types of suffixes
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surgical, diagnostic, pathological & related suffixes
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grammatical, singular and plural suffixes
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dilation
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-ectasis
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ventr/o
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belly, belly side
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ventr/o includes...
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thorac/o
abdomin/o pelv/i |
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squam/o
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scale
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horny tissue,
hard cornea |
kerat/o
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-y
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condition, process
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singular
-is |
plural
-es |
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inter-
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between
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primi-
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first
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ab-
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from, away from
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dia-
trans- |
through, accross
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ecto-
exo- extra- |
outside, outward
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abdominopelvic regions
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L hypochondriac
epigastric R hyprchondriac L lumbar umbilical R lumbar L inguinal (iliac) hypogastric R inguinal (iliac) |
9 total
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para-
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near, beside, beyond
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region:L hypochondriac
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upper L beneath the ribs
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region: epigastric
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region above the stomach
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region: R hypochondriac
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upper R beneath the ribs
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region: L lumbar
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L middle lateral region
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region: umbilical
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region of the navel
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region: R lumbar
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R middle lateral region
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region: L inguinal (iliac)
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L lower lateral
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region: hypogastric
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lower middle, beneath the navel
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region: R inguinal (iliac)
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R lower lateral
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posterior (dorsal)
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near or nearer to the back of the body
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anterior (ventral)
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near or nearer to the front of the body
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parietal
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pertinant to the outer wall of the body cavity
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visceral
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pert to viscera or internal organs especially adbml organs
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nucle/o
kary/o |
nucleus
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caud/o
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tail
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ventr/o
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belly, belly side
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acr/o
|
extremity
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fasci/o
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band, fascia
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morph/o
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form, shape, structure
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radi/o
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radiation, x-ray, radius
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measuring
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-metry
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onych/o
or ungu/o |
nail
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-lysis
|
separation, destruction or loosening
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dry, scaly
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ichthy/o
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fish are 'scaly'
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cheek
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bucc/o
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-icle
-ole -ule |
small, minute
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singlar:
-ex |
plural:
-ices |
s:appendex
p: appendices |
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singular:
-ma |
plural:
-mata |
s: stoma
p: stomata |
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singular:
-ax |
plural:
-aces |
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infra-
or sub- |
under, below
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pre-
pro- |
before, infront of
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retro-
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backward, behind
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hypo-
|
under, below, deficient
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dipl-
or diplo- |
double
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mono-
or uni- |
one
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supra-
|
above, excessive, superior
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super-
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upper, above
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trans-
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accross, through
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ultra-
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excess, beyond
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endo-
or intra- |
in, within
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dys-
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bad, painful, difficult
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eu-
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good, normal
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Sections of the spinal column
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Cervical
Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccyx |
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Medial
|
pertaining to the midline of the body or structure
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Superior
(cephalad) |
toward the head or upper portion of a structure
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inferior
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away from the head or toward the tail or lower part of a structure
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prone
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face down
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supine
|
face up
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Rhyme-
supine hides the spine. |
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xanth/o
cirrh/o jaund/o |
yellow
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colors
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chlor/o
|
green
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colors
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chrom/o
|
color
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poli/o
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gray
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colors
brain or spinal cord |
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laser surgery
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surgical technique employing a devise that emits entense heat & power @ a close range to cut, burn, vaporize or destroy tissues
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Dx
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diagnosis
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Sx
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symptom
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scanty
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olig/o
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-ptosis
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prolapse
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to one side
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later/al
later/ad |
2
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-iasis
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abnormal condition produced by something specific
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-osis
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abnormal condition
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turning outward
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eversion
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Pt semi-sitting with head of bed raised 45-60 degrees
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Fowler position
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-plegia
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paralysis
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hemiplegia=
half paralysis |
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-gram
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record, writing
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-cele
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hernia, swelling
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-metry
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act of measuring
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-graphy
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process of recording
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dermabrasion
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removal of acne scars, nevi, tattoos or fine wrinkles on the skin thru use of sandpaper, wire brushes of other abrasive materials on the anesthetized epidermis
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bucc/o
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cheek
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sial/o
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saliva, salivary gland
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duoden/o
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duodenum
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1st pt of sm Intestine
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jejun/o
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jejunum
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2nd pt of sm Intestine
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ile/o
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ileum
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3rd pt of sm Intestine
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append/o
appendic/o |
appendix
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proct/o
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anus, rectum
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-orexia
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appetite
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cachexia
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general lack of nutrition & wasting occurring in the course of a chronic disease or emotional disturbance
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oral leukoplakia
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formation of white spots or patches on the mucus membranes of the tongue, lips, or cheek; usually caused by irritation
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peristalsis
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progressive wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body
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pan-
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all
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eti/o
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cause
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etiology
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somat/o
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body
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son/o
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sound
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think: sonogram
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viscer/o
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internal organs
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etiology name some...
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metabolic- diabetes
infectious- measles, mumps congenital- cleft lip hereditary- hemophilia environmental- burns, trauma neoplastic- cancer |
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etiology
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the study of the cause or origin of a disease or disorder
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adhesion
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abnormal fibrous band that holds normally seperated tisues together; usually within a body cavity
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analyte
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substance being analyzed or tested; usually by means of a chemical
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dihiscence
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bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound
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morbid
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disease; pertinant to a disease
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radionuclides
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substances that emit radiation spontaneously
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aka- tracers
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suppurative
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producing or associated with generation of pus
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endoscopy
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visual exam of cavity or canal using specialized lighted instrument (endoscope)
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laparoscopy
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visual exam of the organ of the pelvis & abdomen thru small incisions in the abdominal wall
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toward the side
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later/o
later/ad |
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-iatry
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medicine, or treatment
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podiatry=
treatment of feet |
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-ician
-ist |
specialist
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volvulus
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twisting of the bowel on itself causing obstruction
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ascites
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the accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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pronounce as
a sigh tees |
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phimosis
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stenosis or narrowing of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be pushed back over the glans penis
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steat/o
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fat
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-stomy
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forming an opening
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-rrhaphy
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suture
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-plasty
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surgincal repair
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-pexy
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fixation (organ)
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