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327 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardi |
Heart |
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Cephal |
Head |
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Gastr |
Stomach |
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Cyt |
Cell |
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Dent |
Tooth |
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Derma |
Skin |
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Pancreat |
Pancreas |
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Arth |
Joint |
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Thorac |
Chest
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Mast |
Breast |
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Therm |
Heat |
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Muscul |
Muscle |
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Hemat |
Blood |
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Oste |
Bone |
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Leuk |
White |
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Insulin |
Insulin |
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Adipo |
Fatty |
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Icthy |
Fish, scaly |
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Kerato |
Horny Tissue |
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Lipo |
Fatty |
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Melan |
Black, very dark |
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Myc |
Fungus |
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Onch |
Nail |
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Pil |
Hair |
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Seb |
Sebum |
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a- |
without |
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hyper- |
excessive |
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intra- |
in |
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pre- |
before |
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post- |
after |
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homo- |
same |
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hypo- |
under |
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epi- |
above |
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scler- |
hardening |
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peri- |
around |
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-centisis |
puncture |
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-tomy |
incision |
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-megaly |
enlargement |
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-scope |
instrument for veiwing |
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-rrhexis |
rupture |
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-rrhea |
flow/ discharge |
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-algia |
pain |
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-uria |
urine |
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-ia |
condition |
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-ar |
relating to |
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-penia |
decrease |
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-emia |
blood |
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-is |
related to |
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My |
Muscles |
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-itis |
inflammation |
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Neuro |
Nervous System |
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Pulmon |
Respiratory System |
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Entero |
Intestines |
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Gynec |
Female Reproductive System |
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Andro |
Male Reproductive System |
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Endocrin |
Endocrine System |
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-ology |
a subject of study; a branch of knowledge |
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Anterior |
towards the front surface |
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Posterior |
towards the back surface |
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Dorsal |
at the back side of the human body |
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Ventral |
at the belly side of the human body |
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Superior |
towards the head/ above |
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Inferior |
towards the feet/ below |
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Caudal |
at the rear or tail end |
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Cranial |
at the head end
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Medial |
towards the midline of the body |
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Lateral |
away from the midline of the body |
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Deep |
on the inside |
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Superficial |
on the outside |
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Proximal |
closest to point of attachment to trunk |
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Distal |
furthest from point of attachment to trunk |
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bi- |
two
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uni- |
one |
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ipsi- |
same side |
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contra- |
opposite side |
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Flexion |
a bending movement around a joint in a limb (as the knee or elbow) that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb at the joint |
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Extension |
an unbending movement around a joint in a limb (as the knee or elbow) that increases the angle between the bones of the limb at the joint |
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Adduction |
move towards the middle |
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Abduction |
away from the middle |
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Medial Rotation |
rotate towards the middle |
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Lateral Rotation |
rotate away from the middle |
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Opposition |
to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers across the palm of the hand |
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Reposition |
movement returning palm and fingers from opposed position
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Inversion |
turning inward (feet) |
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Eversion |
turning outward (feet) |
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Elevation |
move up
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Depression |
move down |
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Dorsiflexion |
backward flexion or bending, as of the hand or foot
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Plantar Flexion |
a toe-down motion of the foot at the ankle (ballerina toes) |
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Protrusion |
pushed forward |
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Retrusion |
pushed back |
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Protraction |
a forward projection of a facial structure |
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Retraction |
act of drawing back |
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Supination |
lying on spine |
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Pronation |
lying on stomach |
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Circumduction |
circular movement |
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Chol |
Gallbladder |
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Col |
Colon |
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-ectomy |
surgical removal of something |
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-ic |
related to |
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Pleura |
Membrane that encloses the lung |
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Vas / Vasc |
Blood Vessels |
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Alopecia |
Baldness |
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-phoresis |
removal of |
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Edema |
an excess of watery fluid |
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Desquamation |
peeling |
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Ankyl |
Bent |
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Brachi |
Arm |
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Calcane |
Heel |
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Carp |
Wrist |
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Chondr |
Cartilage |
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Dactyl |
Fingers, Toes |
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Kyph |
Hump |
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Myel |
Bone Marrow |
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Pod |
Foot |
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Phalang |
Finger/ Toe Bone |
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Rachi |
Spine |
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Scoli |
Curved |
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Spondyl |
Vertebra |
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Ten |
Tendon
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Uln |
Ulnar |
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Integumentary System |
Skin |
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Diaphoresis |
The excretion of sweat |
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Subcutaneous Tissue |
Hypodermis |
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Striae Gravidarum |
Strech marks because of weight gain accompanying pregnancy |
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Striae cutis distensae |
Stretch marks in obese people |
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Keloid |
Excessive Scarring |
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Malacia |
Softening |
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Calcaneus |
A tarsal bone (heel) |
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Ankylosis |
Abnormal stiffening of a joint due to bone fusion |
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Chondroplasty |
Surgical repair of a cartilage |
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Kyphosis |
excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back (humpback/ hunchback) |
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carpometacarpal joint |
five joints in the wrist that articulate the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal bases of the five metacarpal bones. |
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Dactylitis |
inflammation of a digit |
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Podiatry |
The science/ medicine of feet |
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Podiatrist |
A foot specialist |
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Metacarpophalangeal joints |
the joints between the metacarpal bones and the phalanges of the fingers |
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Myeloma |
a tumor in the bone marrow |
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Spondylosis |
a very painful condition in the vertebral column because of the degeneration of IV disks |
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rachialgia |
pain in the spine |
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Radioulnar joint |
a joint between the radius and the ulna |
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Tendonitis |
Inflammation of the tendon |
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Osteomalacia |
Abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of Ca and Phosphorus in the bood |
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Osteomyelitis |
A local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow |
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Osteoporosis |
Porous Bones |
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Osteoblasts |
Bone cells that make cells |
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Osteoclasts |
Bone cells that break cells |
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Lordosis |
Inward curvature/ Swayback |
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Scoliosis |
Lateral (sideways) curvature |
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-plasty |
surgical repair |
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-clasia |
surgically break a bone |
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-pathy |
disease |
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-tome |
instrument to cut |
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osteotome |
instrument to cut bone |
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Costal |
Rib |
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Hematopoeisis |
Blood Cell Formation |
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Types of calrtilage |
Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilages |
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The pubic symphysis |
A fibrocartilage where both pubic bones join |
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The acetabulum cavity |
Where the ilium, pubis and ishium meet |
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Carpal Bones |
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate |
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Esophagus |
مريء |
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Trachea |
قصبة هوائية |
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Sphincter |
صمام |
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Epiglottis |
a flap of cartilage behind the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe. |
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Urethra |
The external opening to the surface at the end of the urinary system |
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Mys |
Muscle |
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Sarco |
Flesh |
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Sternocleidomastoid |
A muscle, whose origin is at the sternum/clavicle and it's insertion is at the skull |
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Orbicularis Occuli |
A circular eye muscle |
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Pectoralis Major |
A convergent chest muscle |
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External Oblique |
Flat parallel muscle with aponeurosis |
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Biceps Brachii |
A fusiform arm muscle |
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Extensor Digitorum Longus |
A unipennate leg muscle |
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Rectus Femoris |
A bipennate femur muscle |
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Deltoid |
A multipennate muscle (IM injections go here) |
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Rectus Abdominis |
A quadrate muscle (abs) |
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Muscular Dystrophy |
An incurable group of genetically inherited disorders, leading to loss in muscle mass and progressive weakness |
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Atrophy |
ضمور |
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Polymyositis |
Inflammation of many muscles, characterized by muscle weakness and degeneration |
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Electromyography |
Process of recording the strength of contraction of a muscle when stimulated by an electrical current |
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Muscle Biopsy |
Extraction of a specimen of muscle tissue through biopsy needle or incisional biopsy for purposes of examining it under a microscope |
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-oma |
Tumor |
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-plasty |
Surgical repair of |
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Crani/o |
Skull |
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-malacia |
Softening |
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Myeloma |
Red bone marrow tumor |
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-clasia |
Surgically break |
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Osteoclasia |
Surgically break a bone |
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-tome |
Instrument to cut |
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Osteotome |
Instrument to cut bone |
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Angi |
Blood vessel |
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Aort |
Aorta |
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Arteri |
Artery |
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Athero |
Fatty matter |
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Atri |
Atrium |
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Hemangi |
Blood vessel |
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Hemangioma |
An accumulation of blood vessels forming a tumor |
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Pericardi |
Pericardium |
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Phelp |
Vein |
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Sphygm |
Pulse |
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Sphygmomanometer |
An instrument to measure blood pressure |
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Thromb |
Blood clot |
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Vas |
Blood Vessel |
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Ven |
Vein |
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Phlebotomy |
the surgical opening or puncture of a vein in order to withdraw blood or introduce a fluid, |
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Thrombus |
Blood Clot |
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Thrombosis |
Clotting |
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Thrombocytes |
A platelet. Crucial to normal blood clotting |
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AF |
Atrial Fibrillation |
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AS |
Aortic Stenosis |
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ASD |
Atrial Septal Defect |
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AV |
Atrioventricular |
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Stenosis |
Narrowing |
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BP |
Blood Pressure |
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CABG |
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (open heart surgery to check for blood clots) |
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CAD |
Coronary Artery Disease |
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Cath |
Catheter |
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CCU |
Coronary Care Unit |
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CHD |
Coronary Heart Disease |
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CPR |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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CVD |
Cardiovascular disease |
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DVT |
Deep Venous Thrombosis |
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Cranial bones |
Occipital, 2 Parietal, 2 Temporal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Frontal |
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Cranial Sutures |
Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid |
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Cranial nerves mnemonic |
Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More |
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Cranial nerve 1 |
Olfactory Smell |
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Cranial nerve 2 |
Optic Vision |
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Cranial nerve 3 |
Oculomotor Moves the eyeball |
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Cranial nerve 4 |
Trochlear Moves the eyeball |
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Cranial nerve 5 |
Trigeminal |
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Cranial nerve 6 |
Abducens Moves the eyeball |
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Cranial nerve 7 |
Facial |
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Cranial nerve 8 |
Vestibulocochlear Hearing/ equilibrium |
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Cranial nerve 9 |
Glossopharyngeal |
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Cranial nerve 10 |
Vagus |
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Cranial nerve 11 |
Accessory |
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Cranial nerve 12 |
Hypoglossal |
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Oligodendroglia / Oligodendrocytes |
Insulates neurons from each other |
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Astrocytes |
+the most abundant +star shaped +anchor neurons |
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Ependymal cells |
Line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord |
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Microglia |
+spider shaped +monitors neuron health +phagocytes dead brain cells and bacteria |
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Schwan cells |
Form the myelin sheath |
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Satellite cells |
Replacement and repairing of damaged peripheral fibers |
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Meninges |
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia matee |
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CSF |
Cerebrospinal Fluid |
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Epidural Hematoma |
Collection of blood above dura mater and just below the skull |
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Subdural Hematoma |
Collection of blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid layer of the menegies |
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Meningitis |
An inflammation of the meninges |
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Multiple Sclerosis |
Degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS attacking the myelin sheath in the spinal cord and brain |
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Peripheral Neuritis |
Inflammation of one or more peripheral nerves |
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Cerebospinal Fluid analysis |
Laboratory analysis of cerebrospinal fluid |
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Craniotomy |
A surgical procedure that makes an opening in the skull |
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Lumbar puncture |
Hollow needle inserted into subarachnoid space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae below level of the spinal cord |
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The Alimentary Canal / The Anal Canal / The GI tract |
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
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Accessory Digestive Organs |
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas |
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The essential activities of the digestive process |
1- Ingestion 2- Mechanical digestion 3- Propulsion 4- Chemical Digestion 5- Absorption 6- Defecation |
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Buccal Cavity/ Oral Cavity |
Mouth |
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Regions of the stomach |
Cardiac Region Fundus Body Phylorus |
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Subdivisions of small intestine |
1- Duodenum 2- Jejunum 3- Ileum |
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Plicae circularis |
Folds of the small intestine |
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Structures of large intestine |
1- Cecum 2- Appendix 3- Colon a) Ascending b) Transverse c) Descending d) S-shaped (sigmoidal) 4- Rectum 5- Anus |
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Incisors |
teeth adapted for cutting |
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Canines |
teeth that tear or pierce |
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Premolars and Molars |
teeth for grinding and crushing |
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Deciduous Teeth |
Baby teeth |
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Achlorhydria |
absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice |
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Anorexia |
Loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
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Aphagia |
loss of the ability to swallow, for organic or for psychological reasons |
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Constipation |
Difficulty in passing stools, an incomplete or infrequent passage of hard stools |
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Diarrhea |
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools |
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Dyspepsia |
Vague feeling of gastric discomfort after eating |
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Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
to view GI tract |
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Dysphagia |
Difficulty in swallowing, commonly associated with obstructive or motor disorders of the esophagus |
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Abdominal Ultrasound |
To view internal organs of the abdomen |
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Colonoscopy |
Visualization of the lining of the large intestine using a fiberoptic colonoscope |
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Colostomy |
Abdominal-wall anus |
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External Nares |
Nostrils |
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Conchae |
projections from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity |
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Regions of the pharynx |
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx |
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Structures of the larynx |
Thyroid cartilage Epiglottis Vocal cords Glottis |
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Trachea |
Windpipe |
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Structures of alveoli |
Alveolar duct Alveolar sac Alveolus Gas exchange |
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Lobes of the left lung |
superior and inferior |
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Lobes of the right lung |
superior,middle and inferior |
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The hilum/ root of the lung |
one pulmonary artery two pulmonary veins bronchus |
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Coverings of the lungs |
Pulmonary (visceral) pleura Parietal pleura Pleural fluid |
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Costo-diaphragmatic recess |
The space under the lung, only filled up when lung is fully expanded in a truly deep inhale |
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Apnea |
Temporary cessation of breathing |
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Bradypnea |
Abnormally slow breathing |
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Dysphonia |
Difficulty in speaking |
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Dyspnea |
Air hunger resulting in labored breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain |
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Epistaxis |
Nosebleed |
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Laryngitis |
Inflammation of the larynx |
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Pharyngitis |
Inflammation of the pharynx |
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Tonsillitis |
Inflammation of the tonsils |
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Rhinitis |
Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose |
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Bronchoscopy |
Examination of interior bronchi using a lighted, flexible bronchoscope (or endoscope) |
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Laryngoscopy |
Examination of the interior of the larynx using a light, flexible laryngoscope (or endoscope) |
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Thoracocentisis |
Procedure that involves the use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for lab analysis, or to remove excess air or fluid from pleural space |
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Organs of the urinary system |
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
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Regions of the kidney |
1- Renal Cortex 2- Renal Medulla 3- Renal Pelvis |
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Trigone |
The trigone is a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice. |
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Albuminuria |
Abnormally large quantities of protein (usually albumin) in urine |
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Bacteriuria |
Presence of bacteria in urine |
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Dysuria |
Painful urination |
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Hydronephrosis |
Distension of pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in a ureter |
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BUN |
Blood test performed to determine amount of urea and nitrogen present in blood |
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Urinalysis |
Physical, chemical or microscopic examination of urine |
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Cystoscopy |
Process of viewing interior of bladder using a cystoscope |
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Cyst- |
Bladder |
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KUB |
X ray of lower abdomen that defines size, shape and location of kidneys, ureters and bladder |
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Renal Angiography |
X ray visualization of internal anatomy of renal blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium |
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What are long axons called? |
Nerve fibers |
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Vestibule |
A cavity (teeth-gums) (cheek-lips) |
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Choroid Plexus |
Roof of ventricles |
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Lingual frenulum |
Prevents the tounge from going back too much |
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Gingivae |
Gums |
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Peristalsis |
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward. |
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Gastroesophagal sphincter |
Cardiac sphincter |
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Falciform Ligament |
Devides left and right lobes of the liver anteriorly |
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Fissures |
Devides the lungs into lobes |
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
In pharynx and mouth |
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Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium |
In trachea (ciliated mucosa) |
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Layers of the bladder |
Three layers of smooth detrusor muscle |
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Mucosa of the bladder |
Made of transitional epithelium |
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Typographical Anatomy |
Regional anatomy |
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Tailbone |
Coccyx |
