Medical Student Amnesia Usmle Step 1

Front 1

Addison’s Disease

Back 1

1. Primary adrenocortical deficiency

Front 2

Addisonian Anemia

Back 2

2. Pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells →↓IF →↓Vit B12 →megaloblastic anemia)

Front 3

Albright’s Syndrome

Back 3

3. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

Front 4

Alport’s Syndrome

Back 4

4. Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness

Front 5

Alzheimer’s

Back 5

5. Progressive dementia

Front 6

Argyll-Robertson Pupil

Back 6

6. Loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)

Front 7

Arnold-Chiari Malformation

Back 7

10. Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum = see thoracolumbar meningomyelocele

Front 8

Barrett’s

Back 8

11. Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (↑risk of adenocarcinoma)- constant gastroesophageal reflux

Front 9

Bartter’s Syndrome

Back 9

12. Hyperreninemia

Front 10

Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy

Back 10

13. Similar to Duchenne

Front 11

Bell’s Palsy

Back 11

14. CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)

Front 12

Berger’s Disease

Back 12

15. IgA nephropathy causing hematuria in kids

Front 13

Bernard-Soulier Disease

Back 13

16. Defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)

Front 14

Berry Aneurysm

Back 14

17. Circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed) Anterior Communicating artery

Front 15

Bowen’s Disease

Back 15

19. Carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (↑risk of visceral ca) [compare w/ Queyrat]

Front 16

Brill-Zinsser Disease

Back 16

20. Recurrences of rickettsia prowazaki up to 50 yrs later

Front 17

Briquet’s Syndrome

Back 17

21. Somatization disorder

Front 18

Broca’s Aphasia

Back 18

23. Motor Aphasia (area 44 & 45) intact comprehension

Front 19

Brown-Sequard

Back 19

24. Hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch

Front 20

Bruton’s Disease

Back 20

25. X-linked agammaglobinemia (↓B cells)

Front 21

Budd-Chiari

Back 21

26. Post-hepatic venous thrombosis = ab pain; hepatomegaly; ascites; portal HTN; liver failure

Front 22

Buerger’s Disease

Back 22

27. Acute inflammation of medium and small arteries of extremities →painful ischemia →gangrene

Front 23

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

Back 23

29. Small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV

Front 24

31. Seen commonly in jaws

Back 24

abdomen

Front 25

Caisson Disease

Back 25

33. Nitric gas emboli

Front 26

Chagas’ Disease

Back 26

34. Trypansoma infection - cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Front 27

Chediak-Higashi Disease

Back 27

35. (AR) Phagocyte Deficiency = defect in microtubule polymerization

Front 28

36. Neutropenia

Back 28

albinism

Front 29

Conn’s Syndrome

Back 29

37. Primary Aldosteronism: HTN; retain Na+ & H2O; hypokalemia (causing alkalosis); ↓renin

Front 30

Cori’s Disease

Back 30

38. Type III Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease (debranching enz: amylo 1

Front 31

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Back 31

39. Prion infection →cerebellar & cerebral degeneration

Front 32

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

Back 32

40. Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)

Front 33

Crohn’s

Back 33

43. IBD; ileocecum

Front 34

44. (contrast to UC: limited to colon

Back 34

mucosa & submucosa

Front 35

Curling’s Ulcer

Back 35

46. Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Front 36

Cushing’s

Back 36

47. Disease: Hypercorticism 2to ↑ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)

Front 37

Cushing’s Ulcer

Back 37

0. Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma

Front 38

de Quervain’s Thyroiditis

Back 38

1. Self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)

Front 39

DiGeorge’s Syndrome

Back 39

2. Failure of 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches formation: Thymus & Parathyroid

Back 40

3. Thymic hypoplasia →T-cell deficiency

Back 41

4. Hypoparathyroidism Tetany

Front 42

Down’s Syndrome

Front 43

Dressler’s Syndrome

Back 43

6. Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune

Front 44

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

Back 44

7. Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated) = bilirubin transposrt is defective not conjugation

Back 45

8. Striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver

Front 46

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Back 46

9. Deficiency of dystrophin protein →MD X-linked recessive

Front 47

Cushing’s Ulcer

Back 47

0. Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma

Front 48

de Quervain’s Thyroiditis

Back 48

1. Self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)

Front 49

DiGeorge’s Syndrome

Back 49

2. Failure of 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches formation: Thymus & Parathyroid

Back 50

3. Thymic hypoplasia →T-cell deficiency

Back 51

4. Hypoparathyroidism Tetany

Front 52

Down’s Syndrome

Back 52

. Trisomy 21 or translocation – Simian Crease

Front 53

Dressler’s Syndrome

Back 53

6. Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune

Front 54

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

Back 54

7. Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated) = bilirubin transposrt is defective not conjugation

Back 55

8. Striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver

Front 56

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Back 56

9. Deficiency of dystrophin protein →MD X-linked recessive

Front 57

Addison’s Disease 1

Back 57

Primary adrenocortical deficiency

Front 58

Addisonian Anemia 2

Back 58

Pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells →↓IF →↓Vit B12 →megaloblastic anemia)

Front 59

Albright’s Syndrome 3

Back 59

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia; precocious puberty; café au lait spots; short stature; young girls

Front 60

Alport’s Syndrome 4

Back 60

Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness

Front 61

Alzheimer’s 5

Back 61

Progressive dementia

Front 62

Argyll-Robertson Pupil 6

Back 62

Loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)

Front 63

7

Back 63

“Prostitute’s Eye” – accommodates but does not react

Front 64

8

Back 64

Pathognomonic for 3Syphilis

Front 65

9

Back 65

Lesion pretectal region of superior colliculus

Front 66

Arnold-Chiari Malformation 10

Back 66

Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum = see thoracolumbar meningomyelocele

Front 67

Barrett’s 11

Back 67

Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (↑risk of adenocarcinoma)- constant gastroesophageal reflux

Front 68

Bartter’s Syndrome 12

Back 68

Hyperreninemia

Front 69

Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy 13

Back 69

Similar to Duchenne; but less severe (mutation; not a deficiency; in dystrophin protein)

Front 70

Bell’s Palsy 14

Back 70

CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)

Front 71

Berger’s Disease 15

Back 71

IgA nephropathy causing hematuria in kids; usually following infection

Front 72

Bernard-Soulier Disease 16

Back 72

Defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)

Front 73

Berry Aneurysm 17

Back 73

Circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed) Anterior Communicating artery

Front 74

18

Back 74

Often associated with ADPKD

Front 75

Bowen’s Disease 19

Back 75

Carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (↑risk of visceral ca) [compare w/ Queyrat]

Front 76

Brill-Zinsser Disease 20

Back 76

Recurrences of rickettsia prowazaki up to 50 yrs later

Front 77

Briquet’s Syndrome 21

Back 77

Somatization disorder

Front 78

22

Back 78

Psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology

Front 79

Broca’s Aphasia 23

Back 79

Motor Aphasia (area 44 & 45) intact comprehension

Front 80

Brown-Sequard 24

Back 80

Hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch; UMN / ipsi loss of consc

Front 81

Bruton’s Disease 25

Back 81

X-linked agammaglobinemia (↓B cells)

Front 82

Budd-Chiari 26

Back 82

Post-hepatic venous thrombosis = ab pain; hepatomegaly; ascites; portal HTN; liver failure

Front 83

Buerger’s Disease 27

Back 83

Acute inflammation of medium and small arteries of extremities →painful ischemia →gangrene

Front 84

28

Back 84

Seen almost exclusively in young and middle-aged men who smoke

Front 85

Burkitt’s Lymphoma 29

Back 85

Small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV

Front 86

30

Back 86

8:14 translocation

Front 87

31

Back 87

Seen commonly in jaws; abdomen; retroperitoneal soft tissues

Front 88

32

Back 88

Starry sky appearance

Front 89

Caisson Disease 33

Back 89

Nitric gas emboli

Front 90

Chagas’ Disease 34

Back 90

Trypansoma infection - cardiomegaly with apical atrophy; achlasia

Front 91

Chediak-Higashi Disease 35

Back 91

(AR) Phagocyte Deficiency = defect in microtubule polymerization

Front 92

36

Back 92

Neutropenia; albinism; cranial & peripheral neuropathy & repeated infections w/ strep & staph

Front 93

Conn’s Syndrome 37

Back 93

Primary Aldosteronism: HTN; retain Na+ & H2O; hypokalemia (causing alkalosis); ↓renin

Front 94

Cori’s Disease 38

Back 94

Type III Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease (debranching enz: amylo 1;6 glucosidase def

Front 95

Creutzfeldt-Jakob 39

Back 95

Prion infection →cerebellar & cerebral degeneration

Front 96

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome 40

Back 96

Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)

Front 97

41

Back 97

Glucuronyl transferase deficiency

Front 98

42

Back 98

Less severe form will respond to Phenobarbital therapy

Front 99

Crohn’s 43

Back 99

IBD; ileocecum; transmural; skip lesions; cobblestones; lymphocytic infiltrate; granulomas

Front 100

44

Back 100

(contrast to UC: limited to colon; mucosa & submucosa; crypt abscesses; pseudopolyps; ↑colon cancer risk)

Front 101

45

Back 101

Clinically: ab pain & diarrhea; fever; malabsorption; fistulae b/t intestinal loops & abd structures

Front 102

Curling’s Ulcer 46

Back 102

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Front 103

Cushing’s 47

Back 103

Disease: Hypercorticism 2to ↑ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)

Front 104

48

Back 104

Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1adrenal or ectopic)

Front 105

49

Back 105

- moon face; buffalo hump; purple striae; hirsutism; HTN; hyperglycemia

Front 106

Cushing’s Ulcer 50

Back 106

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma

Front 107

de Quervain’s Thyroiditis 51

Back 107

Self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)

Front 108

DiGeorge’s Syndrome 52

Back 108

Failure of 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches formation: Thymus & Parathyroid

Front 109

53

Back 109

Thymic hypoplasia →T-cell deficiency

Front 110

54

Back 110

Hypoparathyroidism Tetany

Front 111

Down’s Syndrome 55

Back 111

Trisomy 21 or translocation – Simian Crease

Front 112

Dressler’s Syndrome 56

Back 112

Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune

Front 113

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome 57

Back 113

Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated) = bilirubin transposrt is defective not conjugation

Front 114

58

Back 114

Striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver

Front 115

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 59

Back 115

Deficiency of dystrophin protein →MD X-linked recessive

Front 116

Edwards’ Syndrome 60

Back 116

Trisomy 18

Front 117

61

Back 117

Rocker-bottom feet; low ears; small lower jaw; heart disease

Front 118

Ehler’s-Danlos 62

Back 118

Defective collagen

Front 119

Eisenmenger’s Complex 63

Back 119

Late cyanotic shunt (R→L) pulmonary HTN & RVH 2to long-standing VSD; ASD; or PDA

Front 120

Erb-Duchenne Palsy 64

Back 120

Trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s Tip

Front 121

Ewing Sarcoma 65

Back 121

Malignant undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone in boys <15yoa - t11;22

Front 122

Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat 66

Back 122

Carcinoma in situ on glans penis

Front 123

Fanconi’s Syndrome 67

Back 123

Impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria;

Front 124

Felty’s Syndrome 68

Back 124

Rheumatoid arthritis; neutropenia; splenomegaly

Front 125

Gardner’s Syndrome 69

Back 125

AD = adenomatous polyps of colon; osteomas & soft tissue tumors

Front 126

Gaucher’s Disease 70

Back 126

Lysosomal Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency – glucocerebroside accumulation

Front 127

71

Back 127

Hepatosplenomegaly; femoral head & long bone erosion; anemia

Front 128

Gilbert’s Syndrome 72

Back 128

Benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated) = ↓d glucuronyl transferase activity

Front 129

Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia 73

Back 129

Defective glycoproteins on platelets = deficient platelet aggregation

Front 130

Goodpasture’s 74

Back 130

Autoimmune: ab’s to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes

Front 131

Grave’s Disease 75

Back 131

Autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI): IgG Ab reactive w/ TSH receptors

Front 132

Guillain-Barre 76

Back 132

Polyneuritis following viral infection/ autoimmune (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)

Front 133

Hamman-Rich Syndrome 77

Back 133

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Front 134

Hand-Schuller-Christian 78

Back 134

Chronic progressive histiocytosis

Front 135

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis 79

Back 135

Autoimmune hypothyroidism

Front 136

Hashitoxicosis 80

Back 136

Initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism

Front 137

Henoch-Schonlein purpura 81

Back 137

Hypersensivity vasculitis = allergic purpura

Front 138

82

Back 138

Hemmorhagic urticaria (with fever; arthralgias; GI & renal involvement)

Front 139

83

Back 139

Associated with upper respiratory infections

Front 140

Hirschprung’s Disease 84

Back 140

Aganglionic megacolon

Front 141

Horner’s Syndrome 85

Back 141

Ptosis; miosis; anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2to a Pancoast tumor)

Front 142

Huntington’s (Chromosome 4) 86

Back 142

AD: Progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus; putamen (striatum) & frontal cortex ↓GABA

Front 143

Jacksonian Seizures 87

Back 143

Epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4)

Front 144

Job’s Syndrome 1

Back 144

Immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli

Front 145

2

Back 145

Defective neutrophilic chemotactic response = repeated infections

Front 146

3

Back 146

Commonly seen in light-skinned; red-haired girls

Front 147

88

Back 147

↑’d IgE levels

Front 148

Kaposi Sarcoma 89

Back 148

Malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)

Front 149

Kartagener’s Syndrome 90

Back 149

Immotile cilia 2to defective dynein arms infection; situs inversus; sterility

Front 150

Kawasaki Disease 91

Back 150

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in kids (acute necrotizing vasculitis of lips; oral mucosa)

Front 151

Klinefelter’s Syndrome 92

Back 151

47; XXY: Long arms; Sterile; Hypogonadism

Front 152

Kluver-Bucy 93

Back 152

Bilateral lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior)

Front 153

Krukenberg Tumor 94

Back 153

Adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to

Front 154

95

Back 154

the ovaries

Front 155

Laennec’s Cirrhosis 96

Back 155

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Front 156

Lesch-Nyhan 97

Back 156

HGPRT deficiency

Front 157

98

Back 157

Gout; retardation; self-mutilation

Front 158

Letterer-Siwe 99

Back 158

Acute disseminated Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis

Front 159

Libman-Sacks 100

Back 159

Endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets

Front 160

101

Back 160

Associated with SLE

Front 161

Lou Gehrig’s 102

Back 161

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons

Front 162

Mallory-Weis Syndrome 103

Back 162

Bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2to wretching (alcoholics)

Front 163

Marfan’s 104

Back 163

Connective tissue defect: defective Fibrillin gene Dissecting aortic aneurysm; subluxation of lenses

Front 164

McArdle’s Disease 105

Back 164

Type V Glycogenosis - Glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency = ↑Glycogen)

Front 165

Meckel’s Diverticulum 106

Back 165

Rule of 2’s: 2 inches long; 2 feet from the ileocecum; in 2% of the population

Front 166

107

Back 166

Embryonic duct origin; may have ectopic tissue: gastric/pancreatic remnant of vitteline duct/yolk stalk

Front 167

Meig’s Syndrome 108

Back 167

Triad: ovarian fibroma; ascites; hydrothorax – associated w/ fibroma of ovaries

Front 168

Menetrier’s Disease 109

Back 168

Giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)

Front 169

Monckeberg’s Arteriosclerosis 110

Back 169

Calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa

Front 170

Munchausen Syndrome 111

Back 170

Factitious disorder (consciously creates symptoms; but doesn’t know why)

Front 171

Nelson’s Syndrome 112

Back 171

1Adrenal Cushings →surgical removal of adrenals →loss of negative feedback to pituitary →

Front 172

Niemann-Pick 113

Back 172

Lysosomal Storage Disease (sphingomyelinase deficiency – sphingomyelin accumulation)

Front 173

114

Back 173

“Foamy histiocytes”

Front 174

Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome 115

Back 174

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Front 175

Paget’s Disease 116

Back 175

Abnormal bone architecture (thickened; numerous fractures →pain)

Front 176

Pancoast Tumor 117

Back 176

Bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement →Horner’s Syndrome

Front 177

Parkinson’s 118

Back 177

Dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts

Front 178

Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome (AD) 119

Back 178

Melanin pigmentation of lips; mouth; hand; genitalia + hamartomatous polyps of small intestine

Front 179

Peyronie’s Disease 120

Back 179

Subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis

Front 180

121

Back 180

1

Front 181

122

Back 181

1

Front 182

123

Back 182

Calcium-frosting; unyielding layer – heart chambers may be unable to dilate to receive blood during diastole

Front 183

Plummer’s Syndrome 124

Back 183

Hyperthyroidism; nodular goiter; absence of eye signs (Plummer’s = Grave’s - eye signs)

Front 184

Plummer-Vinson 125

Back 184

Esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia; spoon-shaped nails; ↑SCCA of esophagus

Front 185

Pompe’s Disease 126

Back 185

Type II Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease →cardiomegaly (1;4 Glucosidase deficiency: ↑

Front 186

Pott’s Disease 127

Back 186

Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae

Front 187

Potter’s Complex 128

Back 187

Renal agenesis →oligohydramnios →hypoplastic lungs; defects in extremities

Front 188

Raynaud’s 129

Back 188

Disease: recurrent vasospasm in extremities = seen in young; healthy women

Front 189

130

Back 189

Phenomenon: 2to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)

Front 190

Reiter’s Syndrome 131

Back 190

Urethritis; conjunctivitis; arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections); HLA-B27; polyarticular

Front 191

Reye’s Syndrome 132

Back 191

Microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy

Front 192

133

Back 192

2to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness; especially VZV

Front 193

Riedel’s Thyroiditis 134

Back 193

Idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid

Front 194

Rotor Syndrome 135

Back 194

Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)

Front 195

136

Back 195

Similar to Dubin-Johnson; but no discoloration of the liver

Front 196

Sezary Syndrome 137

Back 196

Leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

Front 197

Shaver’s Disease 138

Back 197

Aluminum inhalation →lung fibrosis

Front 198

Sheehan’s Syndrome 139

Back 198

Postpartum pituitary necrosis = hemorrhage & shock usually occurred during delivery

Front 199

Shy-Drager 140

Back 199

Parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension

Front 200

Simmond’s Disease 141

Back 200

Pituitary cachexia – can occur from either pituitary tumors or Sheehan’s

Front 201

Sipple’s Syndrome 142

Back 201

MEN type IIa = pheochromocytoma; thyroid medullary CA; hyperparathyroidism

Front 202

Sjogren’s Syndrome 143

Back 202

Triad: dry eyes; dry mouth; arthritis ↑risk of B-cell lymphoma

Front 203

Spitz Nevus 144

Back 203

Juvenile melanoma (always benign)

Front 204

Stein-Leventhal 145

Back 204

Polycystic ovary: see amenorrhea; infertility; obesity; hirsutism = ↑↑LH secretion

Front 205

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome 146

Back 205

Erythema multiforme; fever; malaise; mucosal ulceration (often 2to infection = mycoplasma or sulfa

Front 206

Still’s Disease 147

Back 206

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)

Front 207

Takayasu’s arteritis 148

Back 207

Aortic arch syndrome

Front 208

149

Back 208

Loss of carotid; radial or ulnar pulses = pulseless disease

Front 209

150

Back 209

Common in young Asian females

Front 210

Tay-Sachs (AR) 151

Back 210

Gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency →GM2 ganglioside) Cherry Red Spots of the Macula

Front 211

Tetralogy of Fallot 152

Back 211

1

Front 212

Tourette’s Syndrome 153

Back 212

Involuntary actions; both motor and vocal Txt w/ Pimozide

Front 213

Turcot’s Syndrome 154

Back 213

Colon adenomatous polyps plus CNS tumors

Front 214

Turner’s Syndrome 155

Back 214

45; XO = most common cause of Primary Amenorrhea

Front 215

Vincent’s Infection 156

Back 215

“Trench mouth” – acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis due to Fusobacterium

Front 216

Von Gierke’s Disease 157

Back 216

Type I Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease (G6Ptase deficiency) – Glycogen accumulaiton

Front 217

Von Hippel-Lindau 158

Back 217

Hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma) = cerebellum; brain stem; & retina

Front 218

159

Back 218

Adenomas of the viscera; especially ↑Renal Cell Carcinoma

Front 219

160

Back 219

Chromosome 3p

Front 220

Von Recklinghausen’s 161

Back 220

Neurofibromatosis & café au lait spots & Lisch nodules (Chromosome 17)

Front 221

Von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone 162

Back 221

Osteitis fibrosa cystica (“brown tumor”) 2to hyperparathyroidism = osteoclastic resorption w/

Front 222

163

Back 222

fibrous replacement

Front 223

Von Willebrand’s Disease (AD) 164

Back 223

Defect in platelet adhesion 2to deficiency in vWF

Front 224

Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia 165

Back 224

Proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells in men 50-70 yoa; PAS(+) Dutcher bodies

Front 225

Wallenberg’s Syndrome 166

Back 225

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis “Medullary Syndrome”

Front 226

167

Back 226

Ipsilateral: ataxia; facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body pain & temp

Front 227

Waterhouse-Friderichsen 168

Back 227

Adrenal insufficiency 2to DIC

Front 228

169

Back 228

DIC 2to meningiococcemia

Front 229

Weber’s Syndrome 170

Back 229

Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain

Front 230

171

Back 230

Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body)

Front 231

Wegener’s Granulomatosis 172

Back 231

Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses; lungs; kidneys; etc

Front 232

Weil’s Disease 173

Back 232

Icteric Leptospirosis non-icteric prgresses to renal failure & myocarditis

Front 233

174

Back 233

Dark field microscopy for dx

Front 234

Wermer’s Syndrome 175

Back 234

MEN type I = thyroid; parathyroid; adrenal cortex; pancreatic islets; pituitary

Front 235

Wernicke’s Aphasia 176

Back 235

Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehension

Front 236

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome 177

Back 236

Thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (mediodorsal nucleua) (confusion; ataxia;

Front 237

Whipple’s Disease 178

Back 237

Malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis

Front 238

Wilson’s Disease 179

Back 238

Hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation [Txt w/ Penicillamine ] & decrease in ceruloplasmin)

Front 239

180

Back 239

Mallory Bodies in the Liver & also w/ alcoholic hepatitis & Hyaline change

Front 240

181

Back 240

Chromosome 13

Front 241

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome 182

Back 241

Immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema)

Front 242

183

Back 242

↓IgM w/ ↑IgA

Front 243

Wolff-Chaikoff Effect 184

Back 243

High iodine level (−)’s thyroid hormone synthesis

Front 244

Zenker’s Diverticulum 185

Back 244

Esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES

Front 245

Zollinger-Ellison 186

Back 245

Gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) →↑acid →recurrent ulcers

Front 246

Roger’s Disease 187

Back 246

Interventricular septal defect

Front 247

Barlow’s Syndrome 188

Back 247

Floppy vale syndrome – women b/t 20-40 yoa

Front 248

Bracht-Wachter Lesions 189

Back 248

Minute abscesses found in subacute bacterial endocarditis

Front 249

Lutembacher’s Syndrome 190

Back 249

Combination of septum secundum atrial septal defect w/ mitral stenosis

Front 250

Schmidt’s Syndrome 191

Back 250

Autoimmnue thyroid Disease (Hashimoto’s ) & insulin-dependent diabetes

Front 251

Hallmark Findings

Back 251

Questions

Front 252

Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation 192

Back 252

Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)

Front 253

Antiplatelet Antibodies 193

Back 253

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Front 254

Arachnodactyly 194

Back 254

Marfan’s

Front 255

Aschoff Bodies 195

Back 255

Rheumatic fever

Front 256

Auer Rods 196

Back 256

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)

Front 257

Autosplenectomy 197

Back 257

Sickle cell anemia: switch a glu val in chain

Front 258

198

Back 258

Low O2 ↑sickling

Front 259

199

Back 259

Aplastic crisis w/ B19 (Parvovirus ssDNA) infection

Front 260

200

Back 260

Salmonella osteomyelitis

Front 261

201

Back 261

Vaso-occlusive painful crisises

Front 262

202

Back 262

Hydroxyurea as Txt (↑HbF) & Bone marrow transplant

Front 263

Babinski 203

Back 263

UMN lesion

Front 264

Basophilic Stippling of RBCs 204

Back 264

Lead poisoning

Front 265

Bence Jones Protein 205

Back 265

Multiple myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)

Front 266

206

Back 266

Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia

Front 267

Birbeck Granules 207

Back 267

Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)

Front 268

Blue Bloater 208

Back 268

Chronic Bronchitis (at least 3 months for at least 2 years of ecessive mucus secretion & chronic

Front 269

Boot-Shaped Heart 209

Back 269

Tetralogy of Fallot

Front 270

Bouchard’s Nodes 210

Back 270

Osteoarthritis (Proximal IP joint of the fingers)

Front 271

Boutonniere’s Deformity 211

Back 271

Rheumatoid arthritis flex proximal & extend distal IP joints

Front 272

Brown Tumor 212

Back 272

Hyperparathyroidism

Front 273

Brushfield Spots 213

Back 273

Down’s

Front 274

Call-Exner Bodies 214

Back 274

Granulosa cell tumor: associated w/ endometrial hyperplasia & carcinoma

Front 275

215

Back 275

Granuloma-Theca cell tumor

Front 276

Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy 216

Back 276

Chagas’ Disease

Front 277

Chancre 217

Back 277

1Syphilis

Front 278

Chancroid 218

Back 278

Haemophilus ducreyi

Front 279

Charcot Triad 219

Back 279

Multiple sclerosis = nystagmus; intention tremor; scanning speech

Front 280

Charcot-Leyden Crystals 220

Back 280

Bronchial asthma

Front 281

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing 221

Back 281

Cerebral lesion

Front 282

Chocolate Cysts 222

Back 282

Endometriosis

Front 283

Chvostek’s Sign 223

Back 283

Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetany

Front 284

Clue Cells 224

Back 284

Gardnerella vaginitis

Front 285

Codman’s Triangle 225

Back 285

Osteosarcoma

Front 286

Cold Agglutinins 226

Back 286

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Front 287

227

Back 287

Infectious mononucleosis

Front 288

Condyloma Lata 228

Back 288

2Syphilis

Front 289

229

Back 289

New coffee flavor at Bagel & Bagel

Front 290

Cotton Wool Spots 230

Back 290

HTN

Front 291

231

Back 291

Aka; cytoid bodies seen w/ SLE (yellowish cotton wool fundal lesions)

Front 292

Councilman Bodies 232

Back 292

Dying hepatocytes – HepB

Front 293

Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule 233

Back 293

Rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)

Front 294

Currant-Jelly Sputum 234

Back 294

Klebsiella

Front 295

Curschmann’s Spirals 235

Back 295

Bronchial asthma

Front 296

Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra 236

Back 296

Parkinson’s

Front 297

Donovan Bodies 237

Back 297

Granuloma inguinale (STD)

Front 298

Eburnation 238

Back 298

Osteoarthritis (polished; ivory-like appearance of bone)

Front 299

Ectopia Lentis 239

Back 299

Marfan’s

Front 300

Erythema Chronicum Migrans 240

Back 300

Lyme Disease

Front 301

Fatty Liver 241

Back 301

Alcoholism

Front 302

Ferruginous Bodies 242

Back 302

Asbestosis - & Iron laden

Front 303

Ghon Focus / Complex 243

Back 303

Tuberculosis (1& 2; respectively)

Front 304

Glitter Cells 244

Back 304

Acute Pyelonephritis

Front 305

Gower’s Maneuver 245

Back 305

Duchenne’s MD use of arms to stand

Front 306

Heberden’s Nodes 246

Back 306

Osteoarthritis (Distal IP joint of the fingers)

Front 307

Heinz Bodies 247

Back 307

G6PDH Deficiency

Front 308

Heterophil Antibodies 248

Back 308

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

Front 309

Hirano Bodies 249

Back 309

Alzheimer’s

Front 310

Hypersegmented PMNs 250

Back 310

Megaloblastic anemia

Front 311

Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs 251

Back 311

Iron-deficiency anemia or Thalassemia

Front 312

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction 252

Back 312

Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt

Front 313

Joint Mice 253

Back 313

Osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)

Front 314

Kaussmaul Breathing 254

Back 314

Acidosis / Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Front 315

Keratin Pearls 255

Back 315

Squamous Cell CA of skin Actinic Keratosis is a precursor

Front 316

Keyser-Fleischer Ring 256

Back 316

Wilson’s

Front 317

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules 257

Back 317

Diabetic nephropathy: Nodular Glomerulosclerosis nodules of mesangial matrix

Front 318

Koilocytes 258

Back 318

HPV 6 & 11 (condyloma acuminatum - benign) and HPV 16 & 18 (malignant association)

Front 319

Koplik Spots 259

Back 319

Measles

Front 320

Lewy Bodies 260

Back 320

Parkinson’s (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)

Front 321

Lines of Zahn 261

Back 321

Arterial thrombus

Front 322

Lisch Nodules 262

Back 322

Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’s disease) = pigmented iris hamartomas

Front 323

Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli 263

Back 323

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis – prototype of nephritic syndrome

Front 324

Mallory Bodies 264

Back 324

Alcoholic hepatitis

Front 325

McBurney’s Sign 265

Back 325

Appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)

Front 326

Michealis-Gutmann Bodies 266

Back 326

Malakoplakia lesion on bladder due to macros & calcospherites (M-G Bodies): usually due to E

Front 327

Monoclonal Antibody Spike 267

Back 327

Multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)

Front 328

268

Back 328

MGUS

Front 329

Myxedema 269

Back 329

Hypothyroidism

Front 330

Negri Bodies 270

Back 330

Rabies

Front 331

Neuritic Plaques 271

Back 331

Alzheimer’s

Front 332

Neurofibrillary Tangles 272

Back 332

Alzheimer’s

Front 333

Non-pitting Edema 273

Back 333

Myxedema

Front 334

274

Back 334

Anthrax Toxin

Front 335

Notching of Ribs 275

Back 335

Coarctation of Aorta

Front 336

Nutmeg Liver 276

Back 336

CHF = causing congested liver

Front 337

Owls Eye Cells 277

Back 337

CMV

Front 338

278

Back 338

Reed Sternburg Cells (Hodkins Lymphoma)

Front 339

279

Back 339

Aschoff cells seen w/ Rheumatic Fever

Front 340

Painless Jaundice 280

Back 340

Pancreatic CA (head)

Front 341

Pannus 281

Back 341

Rheumatoid arthritis; also see morning stiffnes that ↓w/ joint use; HLA-DR4

Front 342

Pautrier’s Microabscesses 282

Back 342

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma); Sezary

Front 343

Philadelphia Chromosome 283

Back 343

CML

Front 344

Pick Bodies 284

Back 344

Pick’s Disease

Front 345

2 types of COPD 285

Back 345

Pink Puffer – Type A: Emphysema

Front 346

286

Back 346

Blue Bloater – Type B: Bronchitis

Front 347

287

Back 347

Emphysema Centroacinar – smoking Panacinar - 1-antitrypsin deficiency

Front 348

Podagra 288

Back 348

Gout (MP joint of hallux)

Front 349

Port-Wine Stain 289

Back 349

Hemangioma

Front 350

Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign 290

Back 350

Tearing of the ACL

Front 351

Psammoma Bodies 291

Back 351

Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid

Front 352

292

Back 352

Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary

Front 353

293

Back 353

Meningioma

Front 354

294

Back 354

Mesothelioma

Front 355

Pseudohypertrophy 295

Back 355

Seen w/ Duchenne muscular dystrophy @ the claf muscles; due to ↑fat

Front 356

Punched-Out Bone Lesions 296

Back 356

Multiple myeloma

Front 357

Rash on Palms & Soles 297

Back 357

2Syphilis

Front 358

298

Back 358

RMSF

Front 359

299

Back 359

Coxsackie virus infection: Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

Front 360

Red Morning Urine 300

Back 360

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Front 361

Reed-Sternberg Cells 301

Back 361

Hodgkin’s Disease

Front 362

Reid Index Increased 302

Back 362

Chronic bronchitis = ↑d ratio of bronchial gland to bronchial wall thickness

Front 363

Reinke Crystals 303

Back 363

Leydig cell tumor

Front 364

Rouleaux Formation 304

Back 364

Multiple myeloma RBC’s stacked as poker chips

Front 365

S3 Heart Sound 305

Back 365

L→R Shunt (VSD; PDA; ASD)

Front 366

306

Back 366

Mitral Regurg

Front 367

307

Back 367

LV Failure

Front 368

S4 Heart Sound 308

Back 368

Pulmonary Stenosis

Front 369

309

Back 369

Pulmonary HTN

Front 370

Schwartzman Reaction 310

Back 370

Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugs

Front 371

Smith Antigen 311

Back 371

SLE (also anti-dsDNA)

Front 372

312

Back 372

Malar Rash; Wire loop kidney lesions; Joint pain; False (+) syphilis test (VDRL)

Front 373

313

Back 373

90% 14-45 yo females

Front 374

314

Back 374

also seen w/ use of INH; Procainamide; Hydralazine = SLE-like syndrome

Front 375

Soap Bubble on X-Ray 315

Back 375

Giant cell tumor of bone

Front 376

Spike & Dome Glomeruli 316

Back 376

Membranous glomerulonephritis = Nephrotic syndrome

Front 377

317

Back 377

Spike = basement membrane material & Dome = immune complex deposits (IgG orC3)

Front 378

String Sign on X-ray 318

Back 378

Crohn’s bowel wall thickening

Front 379

Target Cells 319

Back 379

Thalassemia in Thalassemia w/ no gene: Hydrops Fetalis & Intrauterine death associations = HbBarts

Front 380

Tendinous Xanthomas 320

Back 380

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Front 381

Thyroidization of Kidney 321

Back 381

Chronic pyelonephritis

Front 382

Tophi 322

Back 382

Gout

Front 383

Tram-Track Glomeruli 323

Back 383

Membranoproliferative GN: Nephritic syndrome – basement membrane is duplicated into 2 layers

Front 384

Trousseau’s Sign 324

Back 384

Visceral ca; classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis)

Front 385

325

Back 385

Hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)

Front 386

326

Back 386

These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs; but they unfortunately have the

Front 387

same name

Front 388

Virchow’s Node 327

Back 388

Supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach

Front 389

Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells 328

Back 389

Measles

Front 390

WBC Casts 329

Back 390

Pyelonephritis

Front 391

Whipple’s Triad 330

Back 391

CNS disfunction – Hypoglycemic episodes – glu injection reverses CNS Sympt’s

Front 392

Wire Loop Glomeruli 331

Back 392

Lupus nephropathy; type IV (diffuse proliferative form)

Front 393

332

Back 393

Spina Bifida

Front 394

333

Back 394

Anencephaly

Front 395

↑Uric Acid 334

Back 395

Gout

Front 396

335

Back 396

Lesch Nyhan

Front 397

336

Back 397

Myeloproliferative Disorders

Front 398

337

Back 398

Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)

Front 399

↓FEV1/FVC 338

Back 399

COPD

Front 400

339

Back 400

Due to Pneumocystis carinii

Front 401

340

Back 401

Seen w/ Atelectasia

Front 402

Honey Combing of the lung 341

Back 402

Seen w/ Asbestosis (a restrictive lung disease)

Front 403

Crescents 342

Back 403

Goodpastures syndrome (pneumonia w/ hemoptysis & rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis)

Front 404

Linear Ig Deposits 343

Back 404

Goodpastures syndrome

Front 405

45 Degree Branch Points 344

Back 405

Aspergillosis

Front 406

PAS(+) Dutcher Bodies 345

Back 406

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia = ↑IgM = Hyperviscosity

Front 407

“Ground Glass” in Abdomen(Hyaline) 346

Back 407

Seen in the hepatocytes of healthy carriers of HBsAg in liver biopsies

Front 408

“Signet Ring” Cells 347

Back 408

Cells that replace the ovaries; due to Krukenberg’s tumor that has metastasized from the

Front 409

Ground Glass Appearance (Hyaline) 348

Back 409

Seen w/ Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy oligodendrocytes

Front 410

349

Back 410

Nuclei seen in Papillary CA of the thyroid (malignant)

Front 411

Congo Red 350

Back 411

Shows amyloid deposition in plaques & vascular walls

Front 412

Meningiomas & Progesterone 351

Back 412

Some meningiomas have Progesterone receptors = rapid growth in pregnancy can occur

Front 413

Tuberous Sclerosis Triad 352

Back 413

Seizures; Mental retardation; Leukoderma (congenital facial white spots or macules):

Front 414

Cowdry A Inclusions 353

Back 414

Seen w/ Herpes Simplex Encephalitis – in oligodendroglia

Front 415

Devic’s Syndrome 354

Back 415

“Neuromyelitis Optica”

Front 416

355

Back 416

A variant of multiple sclerosis: rapid demyelination of the optic nerve & spinal cord w/ paraplegia

Front 417

c-erb B2 356

Back 417

Breast Cancer association

Front 418

Foster-Kennedy Syndrome 357

Back 418

A tumor causing blindness & loss of smell w/ papilloedema

Front 419

Hoffman’s Sign 358

Back 419

Flicking of the middle finger’s nail

Front 420

Red Nucleus Destruction 359

Back 420

Intention tremors of the arm

Front 421

Ventral Spinocerebellar tr

Back 421

360

Front 422

Dorsal Spinocerebellar tr

Back 422

361

Front 423

Cuneocerebellar tr

Back 423

362

Front 424

Dorsal Column 363

Back 424

Conscious proprioception of the body

Front 425

Lateral Spinothalamic tr

Back 425

364

Front 426

Ventral Spinothalamic tr

Back 426

365

Front 427

SVA 366

Back 427

Taste & Smell

Front 428

GSE 367

Back 428

Muscles of the eye & of the tongue

Front 429

SSA 368

Back 429

Vision; Hearing; Equilibrium

Front 430

GVA 369

Back 430

Sensation of tongue; soft palate

Front 431

GVE 370

Back 431

Edinger Westphal = parasympathetic eye innervation

Front 432

371

Back 432

Gland innervation = secretions

Front 433

372

Back 433

Viscera

Front 434

GSA 373

Back 434

Pain & temperature of face

Front 435

374

Back 435

Sensation of external ear

Front 436

SVE 375

Back 436

Innervation of muscles of masticaiton; facial expressions; larynx & pharynx

Front 437

LMN Lesion 376

Back 437

Werndig Hoffman (progressive infantile muscular atrophy)

Front 438

377

Back 438

Poliomyelitis

Front 439

Sensory Pathway Lesion 378

Back 439

Subacute Combined Degeneration = Friedrich’s Ataxia = B12 deficiency

Front 440

379

Back 440

Tabes Dorsalis (Neurosyphilis)

Front 441

Both UMN & LMN Lesion 380

Back 441

ALS = Lou Gherig’s Disease

Front 442

Both Sensory & Motor Lesion 381

Back 442

Brown Sequard

Front 443

382

Back 443

Anterior Spinal artery Occlusion

Front 444

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus 383

Back 444

Controls circadian rhythm

Front 445

Ventromedial Nucleus 384

Back 445

Satiety center

Front 446

Lateral Nucleus 385

Back 446

Induces eating

Front 447

Arcuate Nucleus 386

Back 447

Releases PIF (dopa-ergic neurons)

Front 448

Mamillary Body 387

Back 448

Can have hemorrhages as seen in Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

Front 449

Acanthocytes 388

Back 449

RBSc w/ spiny projections

Front 450

Most Common…

Back 450

Questions

Front 451

389

Back 451

Osteosarcoma

Front 452

Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Adults 390

Back 452

Pheochromocytoma: 5 P’s: ↑Pressure; Pain (Headache); Perspiration; Palpitations;

Front 453

391

Back 453

Neuroblastoma

Front 454

Agent of severe viral encephalitis 392

Back 454

Herpes simplex

Front 455

Aggressive lung tumor 393

Back 455

Small cell or oat cell

Front 456

Associated with gallstones 394

Back 456

Adenocarinoma

Front 457

Bacterial Meningitis – adults 395

Back 457

Strep pneumoniae & in young adults = Neisseria meningitidis

Front 458

Bacterial Meningitis – elderly 396

Back 458

Neisseria meningitidis

Front 459

Bacterial Meningitis – newborns 397

Back 459

E

Front 460

Bacterial Meningitis – toddlers 398

Back 460

Hib

Front 461

399

Back 461

Papilloma

Front 462

Benign fallopian tube tumor 400

Back 462

Adenomatoid

Front 463

Benign ovarian tumor 401

Back 463

Mature(Native) Teratoma = benign dermatoid

Front 464

Benign tumor of soft tissue 402

Back 464

Lipoma

Front 465

Benign tumor of the breast <25yoa 403

Back 465

Fibroadenoma

Front 466

Benign tumor of the liver 404

Back 466

Hemangioma

Front 467

Benign tumor of the vulva 405

Back 467

Hidroadenoma

Front 468

Benign uterine tumor 406

Back 468

Leiomyoma: estrogen sinsitive: changes size during pregnancy & menopause

Front 469

Bone Tumors 407

Back 469

Metasteses from Breast & Prostate

Front 470

Brain Tumor – Child 408

Back 470

Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Front 471

Brain Tumor –Adult 409

Back 471

Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets; meningioma; Schwannoma

Front 472

Breast Carcinoma 410

Back 472

Invasive Duct Carcinoma

Front 473

Breast Mass 411

Back 473

Fibrocystic Change: premenopausic women (Carcinoma is the most common in post-menopausal

Front 474

Bug in Acute Endocarditis 412

Back 474

Staph aureus

Front 475

413

Back 475

Klebsiella

Front 476

Bug in Epiglottitis 414

Back 476

Hib

Front 477

Bug in GI Tract 415

Back 477

Bacteroides (2nd – E

Front 478

416

Back 478

Staph aureus

Front 479

Bug in PID 417

Back 479

N

Front 480

Bug in Subacute Endocarditis 418

Back 480

Strep Viridans

Front 481

CA of urinary collecting system 419

Back 481

Transitional cell CA (assoc

Front 482

Cardiac 1ry Tumor – Adults 420

Back 482

Myxoma: “Ball Valve”

Front 483

Cardiac 1ry Tumor – Child 421

Back 483

Rhabdomyoma – associated w/ Tuberous sclerosis

Front 484

Cardiac Tumor – Adults 422

Back 484

Metasteses

Front 485

Cardiomyopathy 423

Back 485

Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy: Alcohol; BeriBeri; Cocaine use; Coxsackie B; Doxorubicin

Front 486

424

Back 486

Systolic Dysfunction

Front 487

Cause of 2ry HTN 425

Back 487

Renal Disease

Front 488

Cause of Addison’s 426

Back 488

Autoimmune (2nd – infection)

Front 489

Cause of breast lumps 427

Back 489

CA of the breast

Front 490

Cause of chronic endometriosis 428

Back 490

TB

Front 491

429

Back 491

21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: NaCl lost & Hypotension (then; 11- NaCl retention & HTN)

Front 492

Cause of Cushings 430

Back 492

Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then; 1ry ACTH; Adrenal Adenoma; Ectopic ACTH)

Front 493

Cause of Death in Alzheimer pts 431

Back 493

Pneumonia

Front 494

Cause of Death in Diabetics 432

Back 494

MI

Front 495

Cause of Death in premature 433

Back 495

NRDS = hyaline membrane disease

Front 496

SLE pts

Front 497

434

Back 497

Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative) = Renal Disease

Front 498

Cause of Dementia 435

Back 498

Alzheimer’s

Front 499

436

Back 499

Multi-Infarct Dementia

Front 500

Cause of Dwarfism 437

Back 500

Achondroplasia

Front 501

Cause of Food poisoning 438

Back 501

Staph aureus

Front 502

Cause of Hematosalpynga 439

Back 502

Ectopic pregnancy

Front 503

Cause of Hypoparathyroidism 440

Back 503

Throidectomy

Front 504

Cause of Hypothyroidism 441

Back 504

Corrective surgery I31 treatment

Front 505

Cause of Kidney infections 442

Back 505

E

Front 506

Cause of Liver disease in US 443

Back 506

Alcohol consumption

Front 507

Cause of Malignancy in children 444

Back 507

Acute leukemia

Front 508

Cause of Mental retardation 445

Back 508

Down’s

Front 509

446

Back 509

Fragile X

Front 510

447

Back 510

21 hydroxylase deficiency

Front 511

Cause of PID 448

Back 511

N

Front 512

Cause of Portal cirrhosis 449

Back 512

Alcohol

Front 513

Cause of Preventable Blindness 450

Back 513

Chlamydia (serotypes A;B;Ba;C)

Front 514

Cause of Pulmonary HTN 451

Back 514

COPD

Front 515

Cause of Secondary Hypertension 452

Back 515

Renal disease

Front 516

Cause of SIADH 453

Back 516

Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

Front 517

Cause of UT Obstruction in men 454

Back 517

BPHyperplasia

Front 518

Cause Pernicious Anemia 455

Back 518

Chronic atrophic gastritis = no production of intrinsic factor

Front 519

Chromosomal Disorder 456

Back 519

Down’s

Front 520

Common Tumor of the Appendix 457

Back 520

Carcinoid tumor: flushing; diarrhea; bronchospasm; RHeart valvular lesions

Front 521

458

Back 521

Txt: Methysergide (5HT antagonist)

Front 522

Congenital Cardiac Anomaly 459

Back 522

VSD (membranous > muscular)

Front 523

Congenital Early Cyanosis 460

Back 523

Tetralogy of Fallot =right to left shunt

Front 524

Coronary Artery Thrombosis 461

Back 524

LAD artery: MI

Front 525

Demyelinating Disease 462

Back 525

Multiple Sclerosis: (Charcot Triad = nystagmus; intention tremor; scanning speech)

Front 526

463

Back 526

Periventricular plaques w/ ↓Oligodenrocytes

Front 527

464

Back 527

↑IgG in CSF; Optic Neuritis; MLF Syndorme = Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia; bladder

Front 528

Dental Tumor 465

Back 528

Odontoma

Front 529

Dietary Deficiency 466

Back 529

Iron

Front 530

Disease of the Breast 467

Back 530

Fibrocystic disease

Front 531

468

Back 531

CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)

Front 532

Esophageal Cancer 469

Back 532

SCCA

Front 533

Fallopian Tube Malignancy 470

Back 533

AdenoCA

Front 534

471

Back 534

Cystic Fibrosis (chromosome 7q)

Front 535

Female Tumor 472

Back 535

Leimyoma

Front 536

Form of Amyloidosis 473

Back 536

Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)

Front 537

Form of Tularemia 474

Back 537

Ulceroglandular

Front 538

Germ Cell Tumor of Testes 475

Back 538

Seminoma (analogous to dysgerminoma of ovaries)

Front 539

Gynecological Malignancy 476

Back 539

Endometrial Carcinoma

Front 540

Gynecological Finding 477

Back 540

Endometrial CA

Front 541

Heart Murmur 478

Back 541

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Front 542

479

Back 542

Mitral

Front 543

480

Back 543

Tricuspid

Front 544

481

Back 544

Mitral then Aortic

Front 545

Hereditary Bleeding Disorder 482

Back 545

Von Willebrand’s Disease

Front 546

483

Back 546

Prolactin

Front 547

Inherited disease of the Kidney 484

Back 547

Adult polycystic kidney disease: associated w/ polycystic liver; Berry aneurysms; Mitral prolapse

Front 548

485

Back 548

APD1 – chromosome 16

Front 549

Intracranial tumor in adults 486

Back 549

Glioblastoma mulitforme

Front 550

Islet Tumor 487

Back 550

Insulinoma = cell tumor

Front 551

Liver 1ry Tumor 488

Back 551

Hepatoma

Front 552

Liver Disease 489

Back 552

Alcoholic Liver Disease

Front 553

490

Back 553

Head (99%)

Front 554

Location of Adult Brain Tumors 491

Back 554

Above Tentorium

Front 555

492

Back 555

Below Tentorium

Front 556

Lung Tumor; malignant or benign 493

Back 556

Malignant

Front 557

Lung Tumor; primary or secondary 494

Back 557

Secondary

Front 558

Lysosomal Storage Disease 495

Back 558

Gaucher’s

Front 559

Malignancy in Women 496

Back 559

Lung (2nd breast)

Front 560

Malignancy of the Larynx 497

Back 560

Glottic CA (squamous cell)

Front 561

Malignancy of the Small Intestine 498

Back 561

Adenocarcinoma

Front 562

Malignancy Vulva 499

Back 562

Squamous cell CA

Front 563

Malignant Eye Tumor in Kids 500

Back 563

Retinoblastoma

Front 564

Malignant Tumor of the Liver 501

Back 564

Hepatocellular CA

Front 565

Motor Neuron Disease 502

Back 565

ALS

Front 566

Muscular Dystrophy 503

Back 566

Duchenne’s: Dystrophin deletion

Front 567

Nasal Tumor 504

Back 567

Squamous cell CA

Front 568

Neoplasm – Child 505

Back 568

Leukemia

Front 569

506

Back 569

Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)

Front 570

Neoplasm of the West 507

Back 570

Adeno CA of the rectum and/or colon

Front 571

Neoplastic Polyp 508

Back 571

Tubular adenoma

Front 572

Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults 509

Back 572

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Front 573

Nephrotic Syndrome in Children 510

Back 573

Minimal Change (Lipoid Nephrosis) Disease (responds well to steroid txt)

Front 574

Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma 511

Back 574

Follicular small clear cell

Front 575

512

Back 575

Lung CA

Front 576

Skin tumor 513

Back 576

Basal cell CA

Front 577

Opportunistic infection in AIDS 514

Back 577

PCP

Front 578

Ovarian Malignancy 515

Back 578

Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

Front 579

Ovarian Tumor 516

Back 579

Hamartoma

Front 580

Pancreatic Tumor 517

Back 580

Adeno (usually in the head)

Front 581

518

Back 581

ALL – Child / CLL – Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML – Adult 35-50

Front 582

Patient with Goodpasture’s 519

Back 582

Young male

Front 583

Patient with Reiter’s 520

Back 583

Male

Front 584

Pituitary Tumor 521

Back 584

Prolactinoma (2nd – Somatotropic “Acidophilic” Adenoma)

Front 585

522

Back 585

Mid 1/3

Front 586

Place for Peptic Ulcer Disease 523

Back 586

Lesser curvuture in antrum – associated w/ blood group O

Front 587

Primary Benign Salivary Tumor 524

Back 587

Pleomorphic Adenoma (Mixed) – 90% localized to the parotid

Front 588

Primary Hyperparathyroidism 525

Back 588

Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia; then carcinoma)

Front 589

Primary Malignancy of Bone 526

Back 589

Osteosarcoma

Front 590

527

Back 590

Lymphoma

Front 591

Pt

Back 591

with Hodgkin’s 528

Front 592

Pt

Back 592

with Minimal Change Disease 529

Front 593

Renal Malignancy 530

Back 593

Renal cell CA

Front 594

531

Back 594

Wilm’s tumor (neohroblastoma) – chromosome 11p

Front 595

Salivary Tumor 532

Back 595

Pleomorphic adenoma

Front 596

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 533

Back 596

Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure

Front 597

Sexually Transmitted Disease 534

Back 597

Chlamydia (sero types D-K)

Front 598

Site of Diverticula 535

Back 598

Sigmoid Colon

Front 599

Site of Embolic Occlusion 536

Back 599

Middle cerebral aa: contralateral paralysis; aphasias; motor & sensory loss

Front 600

Site of Metastasis 537

Back 600

Regional Lymph Nodes

Front 601

538

Back 601

Liver

Front 602

Sites of Atherosclerosis 539

Back 602

Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

Front 603

Skin CA of Fair Skinned People 540

Back 603

Malignant melanoma

Front 604

Skin Cancer 541

Back 604

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Front 605

542

Back 605

Meckel’s diverticulum

Front 606

Stomach Cancer 543

Back 606

Adeno – associated w/ blood group A

Front 607

Testicular Tumor 544

Back 607

Seminoma = malignant painless testes growth

Front 608

Thyroid Anomaly 545

Back 608

Thryoglossal duct cyst

Front 609

Thyroid CA 546

Back 609

Papillary CA

Front 610

Tracheoesophageal Fistula 547

Back 610

Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus – blind pouch – polyhydramnios association

Front 611

Tumor in men <20 548

Back 611

Germ cell tumor

Front 612

Tumor of Infancy 549

Back 612

Benign vascular tumor = port wine stain = Hemangioma

Front 613

550

Back 613

CA of stomach (adeno CA)

Front 614

Type of Hodgkin’s 551

Back 614

Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance; lymphocytic depletion; nodular sclerosis)

Front 615

Type of Non-Hodgkin’s 552

Back 615

Follicular; small cleaved

Front 616

Type of Portal Cirrhosis 553

Back 616

Micronodular

Front 617

554

Back 617

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 618

555

Back 618

Temporal Arteritis (branch of Carotid Artery)

Front 619

Viral Encephalitis 556

Back 619

HSV

Front 620

Worm Infection in US 557

Back 620

Pinworm (2nd – Ascaris)

Front 621

Worst Prognosis in Thyroid Cas 558

Back 621

Follicular CA

Front 622

Cause of Lobar Pneumonia 559

Back 622

Strep

Front 623

Cause of Death b/t 24-44 yoa 560

Back 623

AIDS

Front 624

561

Back 624

Pseudomonas

Front 625

562

Back 625

Pseudomonas

Front 626

Cause of Infection in Burn Pts 563

Back 626

Pseudomonas

Front 627

Mental Problem in Males 564

Back 627

Specific phobia

Front 628

Intelligence Test 565

Back 628

Stanford Binet (ages 6 & under)

Front 629

566

Back 629

WIPSI (ages 4-6)

Front 630

567

Back 630

WISK-R (for ages 6-17)

Front 631

568

Back 631

WAIS-R (for > 17 yoa)

Front 632

Paraphilia 569

Back 632

Pedophilia

Front 633

570

Back 633

VMA: vanillylmandelic acid (NE metabolite)

Front 634

Severe Shigella 571

Back 634

Dysenteriae

Front 635

572

Back 635

Strep

Front 636

Cause of a Solitary Brain Abscess 573

Back 636

A

Front 637

U

Back 637

S

Front 638

574

Back 638

Campylobacter jejuni

Front 639

Shigella Type 575

Back 639

S

Front 640

576

Back 640

Chlamydia trichomonas

Front 641

Pneumonia 577

Back 641

Strep

Front 642

Urethritis 578

Back 642

N

Front 643

Cause of Glomerulonephritis 579

Back 643

IgA Nephropathy = Berger’s Disease

Front 644

Cause of Viral Pneumonia 580

Back 644

RSV – infants

Front 645

581

Back 645

Parainfluenza – kids

Front 646

582

Back 646

Influenza virus – adults

Front 647

583

Back 647

Adeno virus – military recruits

Front 648

Complication of COPD 584

Back 648

Pulmonary infections

Front 649

585

Back 649

Renal failure

Front 650

Atrial Septal Defect 586

Back 650

Ostium Secundum Type

Front 651

Warm Antibody 587

Back 651

Most common form of immune hemolytic anemia

Front 652

588

Back 652

IgG auto antibodies to RBC

Front 653

589

Back 653

See spherocytosis; (+) Coombs’ test; complication to CLL

Front 654

Immunodeficiency 590

Back 654

IgA Deficiency

Front 655

Congenital GIT Anomaly 591

Back 655

Meckel’s Diverticulum: persistence of vitelline duct/yolk sac stalk

Front 656

Cause of Congenital Malformation 592

Back 656

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Front 657

Pharmacology

Back 657

Autonomic Nervous System

Front 658

Epinephrine 1

Back 658

1; 2; 1; 2

Front 659

Norepinephrine 2

Back 659

1; 2; 1 (no 2 activity)

Front 660

GABA 3

Back 660

Causes an inhibitory cell hyperpolarization

Front 661

Muscarinic-r 4

Back 661

Uses DAG & IP3 as 2nd messengers

Front 662

5

Back 662

Parasympathetic control

Front 663

Bethanechol 6

Back 663

Cholinergic

Front 664

Pilocarpine 7

Back 664

Cholinergic

Front 665

8

Back 665

Txt acute glaucoma

Front 666

Isoflurophate 9

Back 666

Organophosphate

Front 667

Pralidoxime 10

Back 667

“2PAM”

Front 668

Neostigmine 11

Back 668

Reversible acetylcholinesterase (-)r

Front 669

12

Back 669

Txt Myasthenia Gravis

Front 670

Myasthenia Gravis 13

Back 670

Anitbodies to Ach-r

Front 671

Tubocurium 14

Back 671

Nondepol

Front 672

15

Back 672

Prevents Ach binding but does not activate NMJ

Front 673

16

Back 673

↑Histamine release= ↓BP & ↑bronchospasm

Front 674

Trimethaphan 17

Back 674

Nonselectively binds N-r of the PS- and SNS

Front 675

Pancurium 18

Back 675

More potent than tubocurium w/o histamine release

Front 676

Succinylcholine 19

Back 676

Depol

Front 677

20

Back 677

Opens Na Ch

Front 678

1 & Eye 21

Back 678

Mydriasis due to norepinephrine

Front 679

M-r & Eye 22

Back 679

Miosis due to Ach

Front 680

Sympathetic 23

Back 680

Post ganglionic symapthetic fibers releases norepinephrine

Front 681

Parasym

Back 681

24

Front 682

M3-r & Eye 25

Back 682

Contracts sphincter = miosis

Front 683

M2-r & Heart 26

Back 683

Negative chronotropy: ↓HR = vagal arrest

Front 684

27

Back 684

Negative inotropy: ↓contractility

Front 685

M3-r & Lung 28

Back 685

Bronchospasm ↑secretions

Front 686

M3-r & GI 29

Back 686

↑motility (cramps & diarrhea)

Front 687

Tacrine 30

Back 687

Acetylcholine esterase (-)r

Front 688

Atropine 31

Back 688

DOC w/ vagal arrest

Front 689

Glycoperrolate 32

Back 689

M-r(-)

Front 690

Pirenzepine 33

Back 690

M-r(-)

Front 691

Doxacurium 34

Back 691

Most potent competitive non-depol NMJ (-)r

Front 692

release

Front 693

bungarotoxin 35

Back 693

Prevent the releasal of Ach from vesicles @ the pre synaptic nerve ending

Front 694

bungarotoxin 36

Back 694

Irreversible N-r (-)r = ↓action potentials

Front 695

1 & Eye 37

Back 695

Contracts radial muscle = mydriasis (pupil dilation)

Front 696

1 & Arterioles 38

Back 696

Constiction: ↑TPR = ↑Diastolic pressure = ↑Afterload

Front 697

1 & Venules 39

Back 697

Constriction: ↑Venous return = ↑Preload

Front 698

1 & Sex Function 40

Back 698

Ejaculation

Front 699

↑Diastolic 41

Back 699

↑1 = ↑TPR

Front 700

↓Diastolic 42

Back 700

↑2; Direct acting vasodilators; (+)Cholinergics

Front 701

1 & Heart 43

Back 701

(+)chronotropism = ↑HR

Front 702

44

Back 702

(+)inotropism = ↑contractility; ↑SV; ↑CO; ↑O2 consumption

Front 703

45

Back 703

↑conduction velocity

Front 704

Phenylephrine 46

Back 704

1 (+) Nasal decongestant

Front 705

2(+) Asma Drugs 47

Back 705

Metaproterenol; Albuterol; Terbutaline; Ritodrine; Salmeterol

Front 706

Ritodrine/Turbutaline 48

Back 706

Relaxes myometrium used in pre-mature labor pains

Front 707

Phentolamine 49

Back 707

Epi reversal

Front 708

50

Back 708

Txt pheochromocytoma = ↓BP

Front 709

Terazosin 51

Back 709

Txt BPH

Front 710

Yohimbine 52

Back 710

↑sympathetic outflow = 2 (-)

Front 711

Cardioselective NMJ 53

Back 711

Pancuronium = ↑HR due to atropine-like anti muscarinic vagolytic effect & Gallamine (-)r

Front 712

Ecothiophate 54

Back 712

Irreversible cholinesterase (-)r

Front 713

Pyridostigmine 55

Back 713

Cholinomimetic that ↑s M & N-r effects

Front 714

56

Back 714

DOC for the oral Txt of MG

Front 715

Cardio

Back 715

pharm

Front 716

Digoxin 1

Back 716

↓AV nodal conduction/ inh

Front 717

Diltiazem 2

Back 717

Txt black men

Front 718

Quinidine 3

Back 718

↓AV nodal conduction

Front 719

Verapamil 4

Back 719

↓AV nodal conduction

Front 720

Propranolol 5

Back 720

↓AV nodal conduction

Front 721

Melitus via 2 block

Front 722

Diazoxide 6

Back 722

Balanced vasodilator

Front 723

Niroprusside 7

Back 723

Balanced vasodilator

Front 724

Reserpine 8

Back 724

Txt severe & resistant HTN

Front 725

Dobutamine 9

Back 725

At high doses 2(+) offsets 1 = 1 ↑CO w/o systemic vascular resistance

Front 726

Dopamine 10

Back 726

At low doses Txt Shock= dilates renal and mesenteric aa= maintain urine output

Front 727

Esmolol 11

Back 727

Short acting (-)

Front 728

Captopril 12

Back 728

Balanced vasodilator

Front 729

Digoxin 13

Back 729

Txt CHF & Atrial Flutter - inotropic - ↓K+ levels= dig

Front 730

Dig

Back 730

Toxicity 14

Front 731

Quinidine 15

Back 731

ClassIa anti arrhythmic

Front 732

Lidocaine 16

Back 732

ClassIb anit arrhythmic

Front 733

Flecanide 17

Back 733

ClassIc anti arrhythmic

Front 734

Amiodarone 18

Back 734

Long t1/2= need potent doses to obtain desired level for action

Front 735

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Front 736

NE 19

Back 736

↑AV nodal conduction via 1

Front 737

Ach 20

Back 737

↓AV nodal conduction via M receptor

Front 738

Atenolol 21

Back 738

Controls catecholamine induced arrhythmias

Front 739

Bretylium 22

Back 739

Txt Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias but causes passing catecholamine release that can

Front 740

Nimodipine 23

Back 740

Txt Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage by preventing post hemorrhagic vasospasm

Front 741

Atropine 24

Back 741

↓excess vagal tone as seen in Sinus Bradycardia

Front 742

Nitrates 25

Back 742

↓preload= venous pooling

Front 743

Propranolol 26

Back 743

Blocks reflex tachy but causes excess brady= ↑diastole time= ↑EDV

Front 744

Verapamil 27

Back 744

↑O2 supply via ↓in vasospasm Txt Prinzmetal’s variant angina

Front 745

Aspirin 28

Back 745

Prevents arterial platelet adhesion (not DVThrombi)

Front 746

Warfarin 29

Back 746

(-)Vit

Front 747

Heparin 30

Back 747

Dependent on Antithrombin III activation

Front 748

TPA 31

Back 748

Binds to fibrin clots & activates plasminogen on the spot

Front 749

32

Back 749

Does not discriminate b/t fibrin-based clots= bleeding & stroke complications arise

Front 750

Streptokinase 33

Back 750

From bacteria= allergies arise

Front 751

Urokinase 34

Back 751

Human source

Front 752

Colestipol 35

Back 752

Bile acid sequestrants

Front 753

MOA

Front 754

Lovastatin 36

Back 754

HMGCoA reductase(-)= ↑LDL-r synthesis

Front 755

Losartan 37

Back 755

↓Aldosterone

Front 756

Diazoxide 38

Back 756

Txt insulinomas

Front 757

Clonidine 39

Back 757

Central 2(+)

Front 758

Methyldopa 40

Back 758

Central 2(+)

Front 759

Phenytoin 41

Back 759

ClassIb

Front 760

Procainamide 42

Back 760

ClassIa

Front 761

Indopamide 43

Back 761

Only Thiazide that will have no effect on cholesterol levels

Front 762

Thiazides 44

Back 762

Older black men w/ HTN due to ↑Renin

Front 763

(-) 45

Back 763

Young white men w/o asthma (cause bronchospasm)

Front 764

ACEIs 46

Back 764

(-) change AI AII

Front 765

47

Back 765

Cause renal failure = use w/ caution in the elderly

Front 766

Epinephrine 48

Back 766

↑contraction rate & force via 1

Front 767

49

Back 767

↑systolic but ↓diastolic BP

Front 768

50

Back 768

↓peripheral resistance via 2 vasodilaiton

Front 769

Norepi

Back 769

51

Front 770

52

Back 770

↑peripheral blood vessel resistance

Front 771

Methyldopa 53

Back 771

DOC for pregnancy induced HTN

Front 772

Quinidine pre-txt 54

Back 772

Atrial arrhythmia pretxt w/ a drug that will ↓ventricular response: Dig

Front 773

ClassII 55

Back 773

(-) ↓risk fo reinfarction & sudden death following MI

Front 774

“Gray man” 56

Back 774

Amiodarone: ClassIII antiarrhythmia

Front 775

Beperidil 57

Back 775

Ca Ch(-)

Front 776

ACEIs 58

Back 776

Vasodilate renal efferents > than afferent arterioles: ↓GFR & Filtration pressure

Front 777

59

Back 777

↓Diabetic renal failure progression

Front 778

Adenosine 60

Back 778

Its receptor is blocked by Methylxanthines (ie… Theophyline)

Front 779

61

Back 779

Favored for the Txt of Reentrant Supra Ventricular Tachycardia

Front 780

Enoxaparin 62

Back 780

Low molecular weight heparin = Oral anticoagulant

Front 781

Isoproterenol 63

Back 781

↑HR & ↓MAP

Front 782

Variant angina 64

Back 782

Use Ca Ch

Front 783

Contraindicated in CHF 65

Back 783

(-)r = you don’t want to ↓the heart’s pumping strength

Front 784

CNS

Back 784

questions

Front 785

“TOM” 1

Back 785

Short –acting BDZs:

Front 786

2

Back 786

Triazolam

Front 787

3

Back 787

Onazelam

Front 788

4

Back 788

Midazolam

Front 789

Butyrophenone 5

Back 789

Haloperidol & Droperidol

Front 790

Atypical D4 6

Back 790

Clozapine – Thioridazine – Olanzepine – Risperidone = Do not cause EPS

Front 791

Flumazenil 7

Back 791

BDZ antidote for OD

Front 792

Methylphenidate 8

Back 792

Txt attention deficit disorder

Front 793

Phenytoin 9

Back 793

Causes aplastic anemia/ gingival hyperplasia/ cleft lip & palate

Front 794

Thiopental 10

Back 794

Short acting Barb

Front 795

Carbamazepine 11

Back 795

DOC trigeminal neuralgia

Front 796

Atypical D4-r 12

Back 796

Thioridazine; Olamzapine; Clozapine

Front 797

Pimozide 13

Back 797

Txt Tourette’s

Front 798

Risperidone 14

Back 798

Good for negative symptoms

Front 799

Thioridazine 15

Back 799

Most anti cholinergic neuroleptic

Front 800

Haloperidol 16

Back 800

Neuroleptic malignant hyperthermia due to chronic D2 block

Front 801

Imirpamine 17

Back 801

Enurisis

Front 802

Clomirpramine 18

Back 802

Txt OCD See aggressive behavior w/ use

Front 803

Trazadone 19

Back 803

Priapism

Front 804

Bupropion 20

Back 804

Helps to quit smoking

Front 805

SSRIs 21

Back 805

Primarily used for OCD

Front 806

Fluoxetine 22

Back 806

Good for negative symptoms

Front 807

Phenelzine 23

Back 807

Irreversible MAOI

Front 808

Lithium 24

Back 808

Txt manic phase of Bipolar Disorder

Front 809

25

Back 809

Causes goiter by (-) conversion of T4 to T3

Front 810

26

Back 810

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Front 811

27

Back 811

Low salt diet will lead to Li toxicity

Front 812

Alprazolam 28

Back 812

DOC stage fright

Front 813

Propranolol 29

Back 813

Social phobia

Front 814

-r 30

Back 814

Spinal analgesia

Front 815

-r 31

Back 815

Supraspinal analgesia

Front 816

Morphine & O2 32

Back 816

Admin

Front 817

breathing

Front 818

Morphine 33

Back 818

↑ICP = do not give to pt

Front 819

Morphine OD 34

Back 819

1

Front 820

Meperidine 35

Back 820

Anesthetic used during labor

Front 821

Hydromorphone 36

Back 821

(+) used in renal failure

Front 822

Tramadol 37

Back 822

Ambulatory txt for mod

Front 823

Naloxone 38

Back 823

Txt opioid OD

Front 824

Pentazocine 39

Back 824

Part (+) & part (-)

Front 825

Butorphenol 40

Back 825

Part (+) & part (-)

Front 826

Nalbuphene 41

Back 826

Part (+) & part (-)

Front 827

↓GABA 42

Back 827

↓seizure focus= Barbs & BDZs

Front 828

↓Fast Na Ch

Back 828

43

Front 829

Methoxyflurane 44

Back 829

Can be nephrotoxic

Front 830

Enflurane 45

Back 830

Can cause tonic/clonic muscle spasms

Front 831

Isoflurane 46

Back 831

Can cause bronchospasm

Front 832

Halothane 47

Back 832

Can cause ventricular extrasystoles & Malignant hyperthermia & Hepatitis

Front 833

Nitric Oxide 48

Back 833

No effect on HR

Front 834

Thiopental 49

Back 834

Short acting Barb

Front 835

Kentamine 50

Back 835

Dissociative anesthetic

Front 836

Droperidol 51

Back 836

Can be used in combo w/ Fentanyl for neuroleptoanalgesic effect

Front 837

52

Back 837

Neuroleptic tranquilizer

Front 838

Fentanyl 53

Back 838

Can be used on combo w/ Droperidol for neuroleptoanalgesic effect

Front 839

54

Back 839

Used transdermally for chronic pain

Front 840

Midazolam 55

Back 840

Pre anesthetic

Front 841

Primidone 56

Back 841

Biotransformed to Phenobarb

Front 842

C & A delta Fibers 57

Back 842

First fibers to be blocked w/ anesthesia

Front 843

Esters 58

Back 843

Procaine; Tetracaine; Benzocaine

Front 844

59

Back 844

Broken down and make PABA (allergen)

Front 845

Amides 60

Back 845

Lidocaine; Mepivaciane; Bupivaciane; Etidocaine= “i” before “caine” always an amide

Front 846

61

Back 846

Metabolized in the liver

Front 847

Amphetamine 62

Back 847

DA reuptake (-)’r

Front 848

Bromocriptine 63

Back 848

D2(+)

Front 849

Benztropine 64

Back 849

Ant M w/ some DA reuptake (-)

Front 850

Amantidine 65

Back 850

↓DA reuptake

Front 851

Diphenhydramine 66

Back 851

Txt early Parkinson’s stages

Front 852

Pergolide 67

Back 852

> Effective & longer acting than Bromocriptine

Front 853

Ethosuximide 68

Back 853

DOC for Absence seizures

Front 854

Tranylcypromine 69

Back 854

MAOI = antidepressant

Front 855

SSRI & MAOI 70

Back 855

Fatal combo; especially seen with the use of Paroxetine or Fluoxetine (SSRIs) and

Front 856

Labor opioids 71

Back 856

Meperidine & Nalbuphine

Front 857

Desipramine causes 72

Back 857

Sudden cardaic death in children

Front 858

Anti-Infective

Back 858

questions

Front 859

Primaquine 4

Back 859

Malaria profylaxis

Front 860

5

Back 860

Used for extraerythrocytic forms Plasmodium vivax or P

Front 861

Ciporfloxacin 6

Back 861

Quinolone derivative

Front 862

Sulfonamides 7

Back 862

PABA structural analogs

Front 863

8

Back 863

Inhibit Folic acid synthesis

Front 864

9

Back 864

Should not be used in anuric pt due to production of (-) Nitrogen balance & ↑d BUN levels

Front 865

10

Back 865

Doxycycline is the exception

Front 866

Ceftriazone 11

Back 866

3rd generation cephalosporin

Front 867

12

Back 867

DOC for bacterial meningitis in kids (ie… HiB)

Front 868

13

Back 868

One dose txt of gonorrhea

Front 869

Hepatic coma DOC 14

Back 869

Neomycin (aminoglycoside) – it supresses the normal flora = ↓g NH4 production = ↓g free

Front 870

nitrogen levels in the bloodstream

Front 871

Clavulanic acid 15

Back 871

Irreversible (-)r of lactamases; but ot of transpeptidase = use w/ a lactamase sensitive

Front 872

Piperacillin 16

Back 872

Txt Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Klebsiella

Front 873

17

Back 873

Broad spectrum antibiotic

Front 874

Streptomycin (aminoglycoside) 18

Back 874

Txt Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 875

Isoniazid 19

Back 875

Most commonly used drug for TB

Front 876

20

Back 876

Usually combined w/ Rifampin and/or Ethambutol

Front 877

21

Back 877

Pre Txt w/ Pyridoxine (Vit B6) can prevent peripheral neuritis‘

Front 878

Pyrantel Pamoate 22

Back 878

Txt of Hookworm disease

Front 879

23

Back 879

Depolarizing NMJ (-)r

Front 880

Buy “AT” 30; “CELL” at 50 24

Back 880

A = Aminoglycosides

Front 881

25

Back 881

T = Tetracyclines

Front 882

26

Back 882

C = Chloramphenicol

Front 883

27

Back 883

E = Erythromycin (macrolide)

Front 884

28

Back 884

L = Clindamycin

Front 885

29

Back 885

L = Lincomycin

Front 886

Cefoxitin 30

Back 886

Txt intraabdominal infections (ie… w/ Bacteroides fragilis)

Front 887

31

Back 887

Traditional txt has been Clindamycin & Gentamycin

Front 888

Chloramphenicol 32

Back 888

Broad spectrum antibiotic

Front 889

33

Back 889

Bone marrow depression (common) – Aplastic anemia (rare)

Front 890

34

Back 890

Gray baby syndrome (chloramphenicol cannot be conjugated)

Front 891

35

Back 891

DOC Typhoid Fever (symptomatic Salmonella infection)

Front 892

36

Back 892

DOC HiB meningitis in kids – especially resistant strain to ampicillin

Front 893

Nifurtimox 37

Back 893

Txt trypanosomiasis

Front 894

Metronidazole 38

Back 894

Txt Leishmaniasis & Amebiasis

Front 895

39

Back 895

Good for anaerobic bacteria = Bacteroides fragilis

Front 896

40

Back 896

DOC Trichomoniasis

Front 897

41

Back 897

DOC Giardia lamblia

Front 898

Txt P

Back 898

carinii 42

Front 899

Tetracycline 43

Back 899

Txt of Brucellosis & Cholera

Front 900

44

Back 900

Txt Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Front 901

45

Back 901

Txt spirochete infections = Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

Front 902

TMP-SMX 46

Back 902

(-) dihydrofolate reductase activity

Front 903

Benzathine Penicillin G 47

Back 903

Long duration of action = given once every 3-4 weeks for Txt of Syphilis

Front 904

Praziquantel 48

Back 904

Txt Schistosomiasis (trematode [fluke] infections)

Front 905

Melarsoprol 49

Back 905

Txt Trypanosomiasis that has neurological symptoms

Front 906

Stibogluconate 50

Back 906

Txt Leishmaniasis

Front 907

Fluconazole 51

Back 907

Txt fungal encephalitis

Front 908

Amphotericin B 52

Back 908

Polyene antifingal

Front 909

Ketoconazole MOA 53

Back 909

(-) fungal ergosterol synthesis = disrupts membrane

Front 910

Griseofulvin MOA 54

Back 910

Accumulates in keratinized layers of the skin = used in dermatomycoses infections

Front 911

Mefloquine 55

Back 911

Anti malarial

Front 912

56

Back 912

Txt Chloroquine resistant strains = P

Front 913

Chloroquine 57

Back 913

Txt for Malaria when inside RBC

Front 914

Nifurtimox 58

Back 914

DOC Chagas disease due to Trypanosoma cruzi

Front 915

Erythromycin 59

Back 915

Used in pts allergic to penicillins

Front 916

Nystatin 60

Back 916

Topical txt of superficial mycotic infections = Candidiasis

Front 917

Acyclovir 61

Back 917

Guanine analog

Front 918

62

Back 918

Txt Herpes infections

Front 919

Imipenem 63

Back 919

Used w/ Cilastatin

Front 920

64

Back 920

Can cause seizures

Front 921

Cefoperazone side effects 65

Back 921

Bleeding due to vit K level alterations

Front 922

66

Back 922

Contraindicated in pts w/ bleeding disorders

Front 923

Vancomycin 67

Back 923

Used for MRSS (methicillin resistant Staph

Front 924

68

Back 924

“Red neck”: due to histamine release causes facial flushing

Front 925

Meropenem 69

Back 925

used w/ Cilastatin

Front 926

70

Back 926

Does not cause seizures (cf w/ Imipenem)

Front 927

Nafcillin 71

Back 927

Only penicillin that does not need dose adjustment in renal impairment

Front 928

Peripheral neuropathy 72

Back 928

Seen w/ use of:

Front 929

73

Back 929

Metronidazole – Isoniazid – Vincristine – ddI – AZT – Allopurinol

Front 930

Sulfonamides & newborns 74

Back 930

Kernicterus can occur

Front 931

“O

Back 931

N

Front 932

76

Back 932

O = Ofloxacin

Front 933

77

Back 933

N = Norfloxacin

Front 934

78

Back 934

E = Enoxacin

Front 935

Ribavirin 79

Back 935

Txt RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)

Front 936

Anti-Neoplastics

Back 936

questions

Front 937

Cyclosporine 80

Back 937

Protects against rejections from organ transplants

Front 938

81

Back 938

Does not induce bone marrow depression

Front 939

Cyclophosphamide 82

Back 939

Alkylating agent of both purine & pyrimidine bases of DNA

Front 940

83

Back 940

Txt CLL

Front 941

Cisplatin’s toxicities 84

Back 941

Nephro- & Ototoxicity

Front 942

Methotrexate 85

Back 942

Antimetabolite of folic acid: (-)dihydrofolate reductase

Front 943

Leucovorin Rescue 86

Back 943

Can block/reduce Methotrexate = ↑folic acid via a reduced folate

Front 944

Bleomycin toxicities 87

Back 944

Pneumonitis & pulmonary fibrosis

Front 945

Azathiorine 88

Back 945

Used in organ transplantation = kidney allografts

Front 946

89

Back 946

Allopurinol can ↑its activity by (-) its biotransformation to xanthine oxidase

Front 947

MOPP 90

Back 947

Chemotherapy used in the txt of Hodgkin’s disease

Front 948

91

Back 948

M = Mechlorethamine – nitrogen mustard

Front 949

92

Back 949

O = Oncovin (Vincristine) – prevents microtubule assembly

Front 950

93

Back 950

P = Procarbazine

Front 951

94

Back 951

P = Prednisone – glucocorticoid; inducing apoptosis

Front 952

Tamoxifen 95

Back 952

(-) estrogen receptor

Front 953

96

Back 953

Txt of breast tumors; can see associated endometrial CA

Front 954

Flutamide 97

Back 954

Antiandrogenic

Front 955

98

Back 955

Used w/ Leuprolide (LH-RH analog)

Front 956

99

Back 956

Txt prostatic CA

Front 957

Megestrol 100

Back 957

(-) progesterone receptor

Front 958

101

Back 958

Txt endometrial CA

Front 959

Fluoxymesterone 102

Back 959

Androgenic steroid

Front 960

103

Back 960

Txt mammary CA in postmenopausal women

Front 961

Methotrexate 104

Back 961

Folic acid analog that (-) tetrahydrofolate synthesis by (-) dihydrofolate reductase

Front 962

105

Back 962

Txt of ALL

Front 963

106

Back 963

Txt of Psoriasis

Front 964

Brain tumor Txt 107

Back 964

Lomustine

Front 965

108

Back 965

Carmustine – Causes pulmonary fibrosis

Front 966

Streptozocin 109

Back 966

Attaches to cells

Front 967

110

Back 967

Txt of pancreatic insulinomas

Front 968

Cytarabine (AraC) 111

Back 968

Pyrimidine analog

Front 969

112

Back 969

DOC for AML

Front 970

Dactinomycin 113

Back 970

Used for Wilms tumor & rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 971

Etoposide 114

Back 971

Used for oat cell CA

Front 972

Paclitaxel 115

Back 972

Used for ovarian CA

Front 973

Amifostine 116

Back 973

Can ↓nephrotoxicity due to chronic use of Cisplatin

Front 974

Pathology

Back 974

questions

Front 975

Mobitz I 117

Back 975

Usually due to inferior MI

Front 976

118

Back 976

Txt w/ Atropine or Isoproterenol

Front 977

Mobitz II 119

Back 977

BBB association

Front 978

P wave 120

Back 978

Atrial depol

Front 979

a wave 121

Back 979

LA contraction

Front 980

T wave 122

Back 980

Vetricular repol

Front 981

Wavy fibers 123

Back 981

Eosinophilic bands of necrotic myocytes

Front 982

Janeway’s lesions 124

Back 982

Acute bacterial endocarditis

Front 983

125

Back 983

Nontender; erythematous lesions of palms & soles

Front 984

Osler’s nodes 126

Back 984

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Front 985

127

Back 985

Tender lesions of fingers & toes

Front 986

Thiamine defcy 128

Back 986

Wet Beri Beri heart

Front 987

129

Back 987

Dyr Beri Beri = peripheral neuropathy

Front 988

130

Back 988

Wernicke-Korsakoff = ataxia; confusion; confabulation; memory loss

Front 989

Fibrinous Pericarditis 131

Back 989

Associated w/ MI: Dressler’s

Front 990

Serous Pericarditis 132

Back 990

Associated w/ nonbacterial; viral (Coxsackie) infection; immunologic reaction

Front 991

Friction Rub 133

Back 991

Pericarditis association

Front 992

Hemorrhagic Pericarditis 134

Back 992

Associated w/ TB or neoplasm

Front 993

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 135

Back 993

Aka infiltrative cardiomyopathy that stiffens the heart

Front 994

136

Back 994

Due to amyloidosis in the elderly

Front 995

137

Back 995

Due to ; also see schaumann & asteroid bodies in young (<25 yoa)

Front 996

PML’s infectious agent 138

Back 996

JC Virus (Papovavirus = dsDNA; naked icosahedral capsid)

Front 997

Edema 139

Back 997

↑Pc (more seeps out)

Front 998

140

Back 998

↓c (less reabsorbed)

Front 999

141

Back 999

↑permeability

Front 1000

142

Back 1000

Block lymphatic drainage

Front 1001

Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease 143

Back 1001

Commonly see liver cysts & Berry aneurysms along w/ kidney cysts

Front 1002

present

Front 1003

144

Back 1003

3 cysts in ea

Front 1004

Malignant HTN & Kidneys 145

Back 1004

Petehial hemorrhages are seen on kidney surfaces = Flea-Bitten surface = young black men

Front 1005

Nephritic signs 146

Back 1005

Hematuria; RBC casts; HTN

Front 1006

Nephrotic signs 147

Back 1006

Proteinuria; Hypoalbuminemia; Edema

Front 1007

Podocyte Effacement seen w/ 148

Back 1007

Minimal Change (Lipoid nephrosis) disease

Front 1008

ASO seen in 149

Back 1008

Acute post-streptococcal GN (due to HGASrtep)

Front 1009

150

Back 1009

Anti streptolysin O

Front 1010

Crescentic GN 151

Back 1010

Rapidly progressive GN – nephritic syndrome

Front 1011

152

Back 1011

Associated w/ multi system disease or post-strep/post infectious glomerular nephritis

Front 1012

Hereditary Nephritis 153

Back 1012

Alport’s syndrome

Front 1013

154

Back 1013

Renal disease w/ deafness & ocualr abnormalities

Front 1014

Membranoproliferative GN 155

Back 1014

Can be secondary to complement deficiency; chronic infections; CLL

Front 1015

156

Back 1015

See tram tracking

Front 1016

157

Back 1016

C3 & IgG deposits

Front 1017

158

Back 1017

Only C3 deposits

Front 1018

GN deposits 159

Back 1018

Aka Dense deposit disease

Front 1019

160

Back 1019

IgM & C3 deposits

Front 1020

Cold agglutinins 161

Back 1020

Seen in atypical pneumonia

Front 1021

162

Back 1021

It is IgM Ab with specificity for I Ag on adult RBCs

Front 1022

Scrofula 163

Back 1022

TB in the lymph nodes

Front 1023

Aspirin-Asthma Triad 164

Back 1023

Nasal polyps – Rhinitis – bronchoconstriction

Front 1024

Ferruginous bodies 165

Back 1024

Hemosiderin (pigment w/ Fe3-) covered macrophages that have been pahgocytised

Front 1025

Pancoast’s tumor causes 166

Back 1025

Ulnar nerve pain & Horner’s syndrome

Front 1026

Fatty degeneration 167

Back 1026

Made up primarily of triglycerides

Front 1027

168

Back 1027

Most commonly due to alcoholism which commonly leads to hepatic cirrhosis

Front 1028

169

Back 1028

Associated w/ CCl4

Front 1029

Cloudy swelling 170

Back 1029

Failure of cellular Na pump

Front 1030

171

Back 1030

Seen in Fatty degeneration of the liver and in Hydropic (Vacuolar) degeneration of the liver

Front 1031

Hydropic degeneration 172

Back 1031

Severe form of cloudy swelling

Front 1032

173

Back 1032

Seen with hypokalemia induced by vomitting/diarrhea

Front 1033

Liquefaction necrosis 174

Back 1033

Rapid enzymatic break down of lipids

Front 1034

175

Back 1034

Seen commonly in Brain & Spinal cord (CNS) injuries

Front 1035

176

Back 1035

Seen in suppurative infections = pus formation

Front 1036

Coagulation necrosis 177

Back 1036

Result of sudden ischemia

Front 1037

178

Back 1037

Seen in organs w/ end arteries limited collateral circulation) = heart; lung; kidney; spleen

Front 1038

Caseation necrosis 179

Back 1038

Combination of both coagulation & liquefaction necrosis

Front 1039

180

Back 1039

Seen w/ M

Front 1040

Fibrinoid necrosis 181

Back 1040

Seen in the walls of small arteries

Front 1041

182

Back 1041

Associated w/ malignant hypertension; polyarteritis nodosa; immune mediated vasculitis

Front 1042

Fat necrosis 183

Back 1042

Result of lipase actions liberated from pancreatic enzymes

Front 1043

184

Back 1043

Seen w/ Acute pancreatitis = saponification results

Front 1044

Hemoptysis 185

Back 1044

Blood in sputum

Front 1045

Pulmonary embolism 186

Back 1045

Most commonly thrombus from lower extremity vein

Front 1046

Phlebothrombosis 187

Back 1046

From a vein of lower extremities; of a pregnant uterus; in Congestive heart failure; bed ridden

Front 1047

188

Back 1047

As a complicaiton in a pt w/ Pancreatic CA due to ↑d blood coagulability

Front 1048

Saddle embolus 189

Back 1048

Embolus lodged in bifurcation of pulmonary trunks

Front 1049

190

Back 1049

↑↑RV strain = RV & RA dilate = Acute cor Pulmonale

Front 1050

Paradoxical embolism 191

Back 1050

Right to Left shunt allows a venous embolism to enter arterial circulation

Front 1051

192

Back 1051

Patent ovale foramen or Atrial septal defect

Front 1052

Tuberculoid granuloma 193

Back 1052

Collection of macrophages w/o caseation

Front 1053

194

Back 1053

Seen w/ Sarcoidosis (non-caseating); Syphilis; Brucellosis and Leprotic infections

Front 1054

Cellulitis 195

Back 1054

Spreading infection due to streptococcus

Front 1055

PSA 196

Back 1055

Prostate Specific Antigen = elevated in prostatic CA

Front 1056

↑↑5-HT 197

Back 1056

In cases of metastatic carcinoid; txt w/ Methysergide (5HT antagonist)

Front 1057

↑Feto Protein 198

Back 1057

Hepatocarcinoma

Front 1058

199

Back 1058

Neural tube defects

Front 1059

CEA 200

Back 1059

Carcinoembryonic Antigen = elevated in Colon CA

Front 1060

Chromosome 13 201

Back 1060

Retinoblastoma

Front 1061

Chromosome 11p 202

Back 1061

Wilms tumor of the kidney

Front 1062

Vinyl Chloride 203

Back 1062

Associated w/ Angiosarcoma of the liver

Front 1063

Agent Orange 204

Back 1063

Contains dioxin

Front 1064

205

Back 1064

Implicated as a cause of Hodgkin;s disease; non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma & soft tissue sarcomas

Front 1065

Parasites & CA 206

Back 1065

Schistosoma haematobium = Urinary bladder CA

Front 1066

207

Back 1066

S

Front 1067

208

Back 1067

Aspergillus flavus = potent hepatocarcinogen

Front 1068

Ochronosis 209

Back 1068

Alkaptonuria

Front 1069

210

Back 1069

Error in tyrosine metabolism due to Homogentisic acid (oxidizes tyrosine)

Front 1070

211

Back 1070

Involving intervertebral disks = Ankylosing Spondilitis = Poker spine

Front 1071

212

Back 1071

See dark urine; dark coloration of sclera; tendons; cartilage

Front 1072

Lead poisoning 213

Back 1072

Acid fast inclusion bodies

Front 1073

214

Back 1073

↑urinary coproprophyrin

Front 1074

215

Back 1074

Anemia: microcytic/ hypochromic

Front 1075

216

Back 1075

Stippling of the basophils

Front 1076

217

Back 1076

Gingival line & lead line in bones: x-ray

Front 1077

218

Back 1077

Mental retardation

Front 1078

Heroin OD; clinically 219

Back 1078

Massive pulmonary edema w/ frothy fluid from the nostrils

Front 1079

Fetal alcohol syndrome 220

Back 1079

Small head; small eyes; funnel chest; ASD; mental deficiency; and hirsutism

Front 1080

Atypical mycobacterium 221

Back 1080

M

Front 1081

Cold abscesses 222

Back 1081

Liquefied TB lesions similar to pyogenic abscesses but lacking acute inflammation

Front 1082

Actinomyces isrealli 223

Back 1082

Farmers infection

Front 1083

224

Back 1083

Lumpy jaw (from chewing grain) & PID (IUD); but most common is due to saprophyticus

Front 1084

Congenital Syphilis 225

Back 1084

Saddle nose; Saber shin; Hutchinson’s teeth; nerve deafness; interstitial keratitis

Front 1085

Warthin-Finkeledy cells 226

Back 1085

Reticuloendothelial giant cells on tonsils; lymph nodes; spleen

Front 1086

227

Back 1086

Seen with Rubeola (measles) due to paramyxovirus

Front 1087

Diphyllobothrium latum 228

Back 1087

Tapeworm infection causing megaloblastic anemia by consuming large amount of vit B12 in the

Front 1088

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis 229

Back 1088

Hemolytic Streptococci (S

Front 1089

Acute Bacterial Endocarditis 230

Back 1089

Staph aureus; Hemolytic Streptococci; E

Front 1090

231

Back 1090

Common among drug addicts & diabetics

Front 1091

Mitral Insufficiency 232

Back 1091

Ruptured papillary muscle

Front 1092

Left Anterior Descending branch 233

Back 1092

Branch of the Left Coronary artery

Front 1093

234

Back 1093

Highest frequency of thrombotic occlusion

Front 1094

235

Back 1094

MI = anterior wall of the LV; especially in apical part of interventricular septum

Front 1095

Left Circumflex branch 236

Back 1095

Branch of the Left Coronary artery

Front 1096

237

Back 1096

Occlusion = MI of posterior/lateral wall of the LV

Front 1097

Dissecting Aneurysm 238

Back 1097

False aneurysm: it is splitting of the media of the aorta

Front 1098

239

Back 1098

Usually accompanied w/ long history of severe hypertension; also seen w/ familial hyperlipidemia;

Front 1099

240

Back 1099

Zones of medial necrosis +/- slitlike cysts = Medial Cystic Necrosis of Erdheim

Front 1100

Cor Pulmonale 241

Back 1100

Right ventricular strain; associated w/ right ventricular hypertrophy

Front 1101

Acute Cor Pulmonale 242

Back 1101

Sudden right ventricular strain due to a massive pulmonary embolism

Front 1102

Bronchopneumonia 243

Back 1102

Lobular (rather than lobar)

Front 1103

244

Back 1103

Due to Staph aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella; E

Front 1104

245

Back 1104

Abscess formation is common

Front 1105

Lobar pneumonia 246

Back 1105

Due to Strep

Front 1106

247

Back 1106

Red Hepatization: days 1-3 of the pneumonia

Front 1107

248

Back 1107

Gray Hepatization: days 3-8 of untreated pneumonia

Front 1108

249

Back 1108

Complicaitons: pleural effusion; atelectasia; fibrinous pleuritis; empyema; fibrinous pericarditis;

Front 1109

Bronchiectasis 250

Back 1109

Permanent dilatation of the bronchi – predisposed by chronic sinusitis and post nasal drip

Front 1110

251

Back 1110

Supparation associated

Front 1111

252

Back 1111

Lower lobe > than upper lobe involvement

Front 1112

Cold Agglutinins 253

Back 1112

Found w/ Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Front 1113

Panlobular Emphysema 254

Back 1113

1 – antitrypsin deficiency; causing elastase ↑= ↑compliance in the lung

Front 1114

Bulla 255

Back 1114

Associated w/ Emphysema = “Bleb” = outpouching - If it ruptures causes Pneumothorax

Front 1115

Farmer’s Lung 256

Back 1115

Due to Micropolyspora faeni (thermophilic actinomycetes)

Front 1116

Bagassosis 257

Back 1116

Due to M

Front 1117

258

Back 1117

Inhalation of sugar cane dust

Front 1118

Silo-Filler’s Lung 259

Back 1118

Due to Nitrogen dioxide from nitrates in corn

Front 1119

G6PDH Deficiency 260

Back 1119

Sex-linked chronic hemolytic anemia w/o challenge or after eating fava beans

Front 1120

261

Back 1120

Heinz Bodies appear in RBCs

Front 1121

HbF ↑↑262

Back 1121

Sickle Cell Anemia

Front 1122

Multiple Myeloma 263

Back 1122

Lytic lesions of flat bones (“salt & pepper lesions”) = vertebrae; ribs; skull; Hypercalcemia; Bence-

Front 1123

Hodgkin’s Disease 264

Back 1123

Malignant neoplasm of the lymph nodes causing pruritis; fever = looks like an acute infection

Front 1124

265

Back 1124

Reed Sternberg cells

Front 1125

Polyarteritis Nodosa 266

Back 1125

Immune complex disease of Ag-Ab complexes on blood vessel wall

Front 1126

267

Back 1126

Half of the immune complexes have Hepatitis B Ag

Front 1127

268

Back 1127

Can see fever; abd

Front 1128

Sprue 269

Back 1128

Celiac disease due to a gluten-induced enteropathy = small intestine villi are blunted

Front 1129

270

Back 1129

High titers of anti-gliadin Abs & ↑IgA levels

Front 1130

Regional Enteritis 271

Back 1130

Crohn’s Disease

Front 1131

272

Back 1131

Association w/ Arthritis; Uveitis; Erythema Nodosum

Front 1132

Whipple’s Disease 273

Back 1132

Intestinal Lipodystrophy = malabsorption syndrome

Front 1133

Kulchitsky cells 274

Back 1133

Neural cest cells from which carcinoids arise = of the Bronchi; GIT; Pancreas

Front 1134

Ulcerative Colitis 275

Back 1134

Inflammatory disease of the colon w/ ↑colon CA incidence

Front 1135

276

Back 1135

Crypt abscess in the crypts of Lieberkuhn

Front 1136

277

Back 1136

Pseudopolyps when ulcers are deep

Front 1137

278

Back 1137

Not transmural involvement

Front 1138

Vaginal Adenosis 279

Back 1138

Women exposed to DES (Diethylstilbesterol) in utero before the 18th week of pregnancy

Front 1139

280

Back 1139

Some develop clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina & cervix

Front 1140

Scirrhous Carcinoma 281

Back 1140

Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma w/ fibrosis – most common type of breast carcinoma

Front 1141

Hofbauer Cells 282

Back 1141

Lipid laden macrophages seen in villi of Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Front 1142

Retinopathy of Prematurity 283

Back 1142

Retrolental Fibroplasia = cause of bindness in premies due to high O2 concentrations

Front 1143

IgA deficiency 284

Back 1143

Pt has recurrent infections & diarrhea w/ ↑respiratory tract allergy & autoimmune diseases

Front 1144

285

Back 1144

If given blood w/ IgA = develop severe; fatal anaphylaxis reaction

Front 1145

Priamry Sjorgen’s 286

Back 1145

Dry eyes & dry mouth; arthritis

Front 1146

disease

Front 1147

Secondary Sjorgen’s 287

Back 1147

Rheumatoid arthritis; SLE; or systemic sclerosis association

Front 1148

288

Back 1148

RA association shows HLA-DR4

Front 1149

LDH1 & LDH2 289

Back 1149

Myocardium

Front 1150

LDH3 290

Back 1150

Lung tissue

Front 1151

LDH4 & LDH5 291

Back 1151

Liver cells

Front 1152

Keratomalacia 292

Back 1152

Severe Vit A deficiency

Front 1153

Metabisfite Test 293

Back 1153

Suspending RBCs in a low O2 content solution

Front 1154

294

Back 1154

Can detect Hemoglobin S; which sickles in low O2

Front 1155

295

Back 1155

Can be due to Hemolyitc Uremic Syndrome & Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)

Front 1156

296

Back 1156

See Helmet cells

Front 1157

Wright’s stain 297

Back 1157

Stain for Burkitt’s lymphoma

Front 1158

Mononucleosis 298

Back 1158

Due to EBV infeciton

Front 1159

299

Back 1159

If Mono is treated w/ Ampicillin; thinking that it is a strep pharyngitis; a rash will occur

Front 1160

T(8;14) 300

Back 1160

Burkitt’s lymphoma = c-myc oncogene overexpression

Front 1161

T(9;22) 301

Back 1161

CML = c-abl/bcr gene formation = Philadelphia translocation

Front 1162

Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis 302

Back 1162

Letter Siwe syndrome; Hand Schuller Christian Disease; Eosinophilic Granuloma

Front 1163

303

Back 1163

Birbeck granules are present = tennis racket shape

Front 1164

Myeloid Metaplasia 304

Back 1164

Alkaline phosphatase ↑/normal compare to CML = low to absent

Front 1165

305

Back 1165

Anemia; splenomegaly; platelets > 1 million = extensive extra-medullary hematopoiesis

Front 1166

Multiple Myeloma 306

Back 1166

Weakness; wt

Front 1167

307

Back 1167

Serum M protein spike – most often of IgG or IgA

Front 1168

308

Back 1168

Hypercalcemia (↑bone destruction)

Front 1169

T(14;18) 309

Back 1169

NH Lymphoma = bcl2 proto-oncogene overexpression seen w/ Small Cleaved Cell (Follicualr)

Front 1170

Focal Segmental GN exs 310

Back 1170

IgA Focal GN = Berger’s disease; SLE; PAN; Schonlein-Henoch purpura (anaphylactoid purpura)

Front 1171

Nephrotic Syndrome exs 311

Back 1171

Focal (Segmental) GN; Membranous GN; Lipoid (Minimal Change) GN; Membranoproliferative GN;

Front 1172

Schistosoma Haematobium 312

Back 1172

Infection is assocaited w/ Squamous cell CA of the Bladder (most common Bladder CA is

Front 1173

313

Back 1173

Associated w/ portal HTN due to intrahepatic obstruction

Front 1174

Penicillin Resistant PID 314

Back 1174

PID is usually due to N

Front 1175

Duret Hemorrhages 315

Back 1175

Severe ↑in ICP w/ downward diplacement of cerebellar tonsils into Foramen Magnum causing a

Front 1176

316

Back 1176

Nearly always associated w/ death due to damage to the vital centers in these areas

Front 1177

Hypertensive Hemorrhage 317

Back 1177

Predilection for lenticulostriate arteries = putamen & internal capsule hemorrhages

Front 1178

Cerebral Embolism from 318

Back 1178

MI w/ Mural Thrombi; Atrial Fib Thrombi = Marantic thrombi; L-sided Bacterial Endocarditis;

Front 1179

Neurosyphilis 319

Back 1179

Tabes Dorsalis = ↓joint position sensation; ↓pain sensation; ataxia; Argyl Robertson pupils

Front 1180

320

Back 1180

Syphilitic meningitis

Front 1181

321

Back 1181

Paretic neurosyphilis

Front 1182

5p- 322

Back 1182

Cri di Chat: mental retardation; small head; wide set eyes; low set ears; cat-like cry

Front 1183

Trisomy 13 323

Back 1183

Patau’s: small head & eyes; cleft lip & palate; many fingers

Front 1184

Acute Cold Agglutinaiton 324

Back 1184

Abs to I blood group Ag

Front 1185

325

Back 1185

Complication of EBV or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections

Front 1186

Chronic Cold Agglutinaiton 326

Back 1186

Associated w/lymphoid neoplasms

Front 1187

RBC Osmotic Fragility 327

Back 1187

Hereditary Spherocytosis

Front 1188

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas 328

Back 1188

Small Lymphocytic: low grade B cell lymphoma of the elderly

Front 1189

329

Back 1189

Small Cleaved cell (Follicualr): low grade B cell lymphoma of the elderly

Front 1190

330

Back 1190

Large Cell

Front 1191

331

Back 1191

Lymphoblastic: high grade T cell lymphoma of kids progressing to T-ALL

Front 1192

332

Back 1192

Small Non Cleaved = Burkitt’s: high grade B cell lymphoma

Front 1193

appearance

Back 1193

T(8;14) c-myc proto-oncogene

Front 1194

Singer’s Nodules 333

Back 1194

Benign laryngeal polyps associated w/ smoking & overuse of the voice

Front 1195

Paraseptal emphysema 334

Back 1195

Associated w/ blebs (large subpleural bullae) that can rupture and cause pneumothorax

Front 1196

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome 335

Back 1196

Obstructed due to bronchogenic carcinoma

Front 1197

Betel nuts 336

Back 1197

Associated to oral cancer

Front 1198

Fundal (Type A) Gastritis 337

Back 1198

Antibodies to parietal cells; pernicious anemia; autoimmune diseases

Front 1199

Antral (Type B) Gastritis 338

Back 1199

Associated w/ Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori infection

Front 1200

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 339

Back 1200

Autoimmune origin; middle aged women; anti-mitochondrial Abs

Front 1201

340

Back 1201

Jaundice; itching; hypercholesterolemia (can see cutaneous xanthomas)

Front 1202

Acute Pancreatitis 341

Back 1202

↑pancreatic enzymes = fat necrosis; sapponification = hypocalcemia; ↑serum amylase

Front 1203

342

Back 1203

Severe epigastric ab pain; prostration; radiation to the back

Front 1204

Radiating Back Pain 343

Back 1204

Chronic pancreatitis

Front 1205

Complete Hydatidiform Mole 344

Back 1205

No embryo

Front 1206

Partial Hydatidiform Mole 345

Back 1206

Embryo

Front 1207

Cold Nodules 346

Back 1207

Hypoplastic Goiter nodules that do not take up radio active iodine

Front 1208

Acidophils 347

Back 1208

Mammotrophs = Prolactin

Front 1209

348

Back 1209

Somatotrophs = GH

Front 1210

Basophils 349

Back 1210

Thyrotrophs = TSH

Front 1211

350

Back 1211

Gonadotrophs = LH

Front 1212

351

Back 1212

Corticotrophs = ACTH & FSH

Front 1213

Lacunar Strokes 352

Back 1213

Small/focal aa occlusions

Front 1214

353

Back 1214

Sensory: lesion of thalamus

Front 1215

354

Back 1215

Motor: lesion of internal capsule

Front 1216

CSF of Bacterial Meningitis 355

Back 1216

↓Glucose; ↑Protein; ↑Neutrophils; ↑Pressure

Front 1217

CSF of Viral Meningitis 356

Back 1217

Normal Glucose; +/-↑Protein; ↑Lymphocytes

Front 1218

Marble Bone Disease 357

Back 1218

Osteoporosis: Albers-Schonberd Disease = inspite of ↑d bone density; many fractures = ↓

Front 1219

C5a 358

Back 1219

Involved in Chemotaxis (for Neutrophils)

Front 1220

C3b 359

Back 1220

Involved in Opsonization (& IgG)

Front 1221

Anaphylotoxins 360

Back 1221

C3a & C5a (mediate Histamine release from Basophils & Mast cells)

Front 1222

Vasoactive Mediators 361

Back 1222

Vasoconstriction: TxA2; LTC4; LTD4; LTE4; PAF

Front 1223

362

Back 1223

Vasodilation: PGI2; PGD2; PGE2; PGF2; Bradykinin; PAF

Front 1224

363

Back 1224

↑d Vascular Permeability: Hist

Front 1225

Platelet Aggregation 364

Back 1225

ADP; Thrombin; TxA2; collagen; Epinephrine; PAF

Front 1226

Platelet Antagonist 365

Back 1226

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Front 1227

Intrinsic Pathway 366

Back 1227

F XII (Hagman): APTT

Front 1228

Extrinsic Pathway 367

Back 1228

F VII: PT

Front 1229

Lines of Zahn 368

Back 1229

Aterial thrombi = pale red colored (dark red is venous thrombi)

Front 1230

Currant Jelly appearance 369

Back 1230

Post mortem clots

Front 1231

Emigration: Chemotaxis 370

Back 1231

Margination

Front 1232

371

Back 1232

Pavementing

Front 1233

372

Back 1233

Adhesion

Front 1234

373

Back 1234

Chemotaxis

Front 1235

374

Back 1235

Phagocytosis

Front 1236

375

Back 1236

Intracellular microbial killing

Front 1237

Transudate 376

Back 1237

Specific gravity < 1

Front 1238

Exudate 377

Back 1238

Specific gravity > 1

Front 1239

Hurler’s 378

Back 1239

Lysosomal storage disease L Iduronidase – Heparan/Dermatan Sulfate accumulation

Front 1240

Galactosemia 379

Back 1240

Deficiency of Galactose 1 Phosphate Uridyl Transferase

Front 1241

Phenylketonuria 380

Back 1241

Deficiency: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase

Front 1242

381

Back 1242

Mousy body odor

Front 1243

Autosomal Dominant Diseases 382

Back 1243

Adult Poly Cystic Kidney Disease

Front 1244

383

Back 1244

Familial Hypercholestrolemia Disease

Front 1245

384

Back 1245

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telengectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu)

Front 1246

385

Back 1246

Hereditary Spherocytosis

Front 1247

386

Back 1247

Huntington’s Disease (chromosome 4p)

Front 1248

387

Back 1248

Marfan’s Syndrome

Front 1249

388

Back 1249

Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen’s)

Front 1250

389

Back 1250

Tuberous Sclerosis

Front 1251

390

Back 1251

Von Hippel Lindau Disease

Front 1252

Autosomal Recessive Diseases 391

Back 1252

Tay-Sachs

Front 1253

392

Back 1253

Gaucher’s

Front 1254

393

Back 1254

Niemann-Pick

Front 1255

394

Back 1255

Hurler’s

Front 1256

395

Back 1256

Von Gierke’s

Front 1257

396

Back 1257

Pompe’s

Front 1258

397

Back 1258

Cori’s

Front 1259

398

Back 1259

McArdle’s

Front 1260

399

Back 1260

Galactosemia

Front 1261

400

Back 1261

PKU

Front 1262

401

Back 1262

Alcaptonuria

Front 1263

X Linked Recessive Diseases 402

Back 1263

Hunter’s Syndrome (L-Iduronosulfate Sulfatase deficincy; ↑Heparan/Dermatan Sulfate)

Front 1264

403

Back 1264

Fabry’s Disease (Galactosidase A deficiency; ↑Ceremide Trihexoside)

Front 1265

404

Back 1265

Classic Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency; F8 Gene on X chromosome is bad; ↑Ceremide Trihexoside)

Front 1266

405

Back 1266

Lisch-Nyhan Syndrome (HGPRT deficiency; ↑Uric acid)

Front 1267

406

Back 1267

G6Phosphatase deficiency (G6PDH deficiency; ↑Ceremide trihexoside)

Front 1268

407

Back 1268

Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy (Dystrophin deficinecy; ↑Ceremide Trihexoside)

Front 1269

408

Back 1269

Type I (Anaphylactic): IgE mediated

Front 1270

409

Back 1270

Type II (Cytotoxic): Warm Ab autoimmune hemolytic anemia; hemolytic transfusion reactions;

Front 1271

410

Back 1271

Type III (Immune Complex): Insoluble complement bound aggregates of Ag-Ab complexes

Front 1272

411

Back 1272

Type IV (Delayed = Cell mediated immunity): Delayed hypersensitivity

Front 1273

Transplant Rejections 412

Back 1273

Hyperacute Rejection = occurs w/in minutes of transplant

Front 1274

413

Back 1274

Acute Rejection = occurs w/in days to months of transplant

Front 1275

rejection type that can be treated w/ therapy

Front 1276

414

Back 1276

Chronic Rejection = occurs months to years of transplant

Front 1277

Blood Metastasis 415

Back 1277

Sarcoma; exception – renal cell CA: early venous invasion

Front 1278

Lymph Metastasis 416

Back 1278

Carcinoma; exception – renal cell CA: early venous invasion

Front 1279

Aflatoxin 417

Back 1279

Seen w/ Aspergillus

Front 1280

Cleft Lip 418

Back 1280

Incomplete fusion of maxillary prominence w/ median nasal prominence

Front 1281

Cleft Palate 419

Back 1281

Incomplete fusion of lateral palatine process w/ each other & median nasal prominence & medial

Front 1282

Craniopharyngioma 420

Back 1282

Pituitary tumor - usually calcified

Front 1283

Common peroneal lesion Foot drop

Back 1283

No dorsiflexion or eversion of the foot

Front 1284

Diract inguinal hernia Goes through superficial inguinal ring

Front 1285

Hemiballism Wild flailing of 1 arm

Back 1285

Lesion of the sub thalamic nucleus

Front 1286

MLF Syndrome Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia: medial rectus palsy on lateral gaze; Nystagmus on abducting eye

Front 1287

Cori Cycle Keeps muscles working anaerobically

Front 1288

Cones Color vision

Back 1288

Contain Iodopsin = Red-Blue-Green specific pigment

Front 1289

Rods Contain Rhodopsin pigment

Back 1289

High sensitivity

Front 1290

Epiblast @ 2nd week: forms the primitive streak; from which Meso & Endo come from

Back 1290

Directly gives rise to

Front 1291

Ecto

Front 1292

Sydenham’s Chorea Post streptococcal infection

Back 1292

Necrotizing arteritis of the caudate; putamen; thalamus

Front 1293

Agranulocytosis 421

Back 1293

Clozapine; Chloramphenical

Front 1294

Aplastic Anemia 422

Back 1294

Chloramphenicol

Front 1295

423

Back 1295

NSAIDs

Front 1296

424

Back 1296

Benzene

Front 1297

Atropine-like Side Effects 425

Back 1297

Tricyclics

Front 1298

Cardiotoxicity 426

Back 1298

Doxorubicin

Front 1299

427

Back 1299

Daunorubicin

Front 1300

Cartilage Damage in Children 428

Back 1300

Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin & Norfloxacin)

Front 1301

Cinchonism 429

Back 1301

Quinidine

Front 1302

Cough 430

Back 1302

ACE Inhibitors

Front 1303

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus 431

Back 1303

Lithium (Txt w/ Amiloride)

Front 1304

Disulfiram-like Effect 432

Back 1304

Metronidazole

Front 1305

433

Back 1305

Sulfonylureas (1st generation)

Front 1306

Extrapyramidal Side Effects 434

Back 1306

Antipsychotics (Thioridazine; Haloperidol; Chlorpromazine)

Front 1307

Fanconi’s Syndrome 435

Back 1307

Tetracycline

Front 1308

Fatal Hepatotoxicity (necrosis) 436

Back 1308

Valproic Acid

Front 1309

437

Back 1309

Halothane

Front 1310

438

Back 1310

Acetaminophen

Front 1311

Gingival Hyperplasia 439

Back 1311

Phenytoin

Front 1312

Gray Baby Syndrome 440

Back 1312

Chloramphenicol

Front 1313

Gynecomastia 441

Back 1313

Cimetidine

Front 1314

442

Back 1314

Azoles

Front 1315

443

Back 1315

Spironolactone

Front 1316

444

Back 1316

Digitalis

Front 1317

445

Back 1317

Sulfonamides

Front 1318

446

Back 1318

Isoniazid

Front 1319

447

Back 1319

Aspirin

Front 1320

448

Back 1320

Ibuprofen

Front 1321

449

Back 1321

Primaquine

Front 1322

Hepatitis 450

Back 1322

Isoniazid

Front 1323

Hot Flashes; Flushing 451

Back 1323

Niacin

Front 1324

452

Back 1324

Tamoxifen

Front 1325

453

Back 1325

Ca++ Channel Blockers

Front 1326

Induce CP450 454

Back 1326

Barbiturates – Phenobarbital

Front 1327

455

Back 1327

Phenytoin

Front 1328

456

Back 1328

Carbamazepine

Front 1329

457

Back 1329

Rifampin

Front 1330

Inhibit CP450 458

Back 1330

Cimetidine

Front 1331

459

Back 1331

Ketoconazole

Front 1332

Interstitial Nephritis 460

Back 1332

Methicillin

Front 1333

461

Back 1333

NSAIDs (except Aspirin)

Front 1334

462

Back 1334

Furosemide

Front 1335

463

Back 1335

Sulfonamides

Front 1336

Monday Disease 464

Back 1336

Nitroglycerin Industrial exposure →tolerance during week →loss of tolerance during weekend →headache; -

Front 1337

Orange Body Fluids 465

Back 1337

Rifampin

Front 1338

Osteoporosis 466

Back 1338

Heparin

Front 1339

467

Back 1339

Corticosteroids

Front 1340

Positive Coombs’ Test 468

Back 1340

Methyldopa

Front 1341

Pulmonary Fibrosis 469

Back 1341

Bleomycin

Front 1342

470

Back 1342

Amiodarone

Front 1343

Red Man Syndrome 471

Back 1343

Vancomycin

Front 1344

Severe HTN with Tyramine 472

Back 1344

MAOIs

Front 1345

SLE-like Syndrome 473

Back 1345

Procainamide

Front 1346

474

Back 1346

Hydralazine

Front 1347

475

Back 1347

INH

Front 1348

Tardive Dyskinesia 476

Back 1348

Antipsychotics (Thioridazine; Haloperidol; Chlorpromazine) Clozapine: only antipsychotic to not

Front 1349

477

Back 1349

give you tardive dyskinesia

Front 1350

Tinnitus 478

Back 1350

Aspirin

Front 1351

479

Back 1351

Quinidine

Front 1352

Microbiology

Back 1352

questions

Front 1353

Lactose formers 1

Back 1353

“CEEK”

Front 1354

2

Back 1354

Citrobacter

Front 1355

3

Back 1355

Enterobacter

Front 1356

4

Back 1356

E

Front 1357

5

Back 1357

Klebsiella

Front 1358

Non lactose formers 6

Back 1358

“SHYPS”

Front 1359

7

Back 1359

Shigella

Front 1360

8

Back 1360

Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis)

Front 1361

9

Back 1361

Proteus

Front 1362

10

Back 1362

Salmonella

Front 1363

May lack color 11

Back 1363

“These rascals may microscopically lack color”:

Front 1364

12

Back 1364

Treponema

Front 1365

13

Back 1365

Ricksetta

Front 1366

14

Back 1366

Mycobacterium

Front 1367

15

Back 1367

Mycoplasma

Front 1368

16

Back 1368

Legionella

Front 1369

17

Back 1369

Chlamydia

Front 1370

↑cAMP 18

Back 1370

“CAPE”

Front 1371

19

Back 1371

Cholera

Front 1372

20

Back 1372

Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule)

Front 1373

21

Back 1373

Pertusis (via Gi)

Front 1374

22

Back 1374

E

Front 1375

23

Back 1375

“Some killers have pretty nice capsules”

Front 1376

24

Back 1376

Strep

Front 1377

25

Back 1377

Klebsiella

Front 1378

26

Back 1378

HiB

Front 1379

27

Back 1379

Pseudamona Aeroginosa

Front 1380

28

Back 1380

Neisseria meningitis

Front 1381

29

Back 1381

Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen)

Front 1382

Dimorphic Fungi 30

Back 1382

“Can Also Have Both Shapes”

Front 1383

31

Back 1383

Cocciodes

Front 1384

32

Back 1384

Aspergillus

Front 1385

33

Back 1385

Histolpasma

Front 1386

34

Back 1386

Blastomyces

Front 1387

35

Back 1387

Sprothrix schenkii

Front 1388

Have Prophage 36

Back 1388

“OBED”

Front 1389

37

Back 1389

O = Salmonella

Front 1390

38

Back 1390

B = Botulinum

Front 1391

39

Back 1391

E = Erythrogenic strep

Front 1392

40

Back 1392

D = Diptheria

Front 1393

Spore Forming Bacteria 41

Back 1393

Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)

Front 1394

IgA Proteases 42

Back 1394

Neisseria; Haemophilus; S

Front 1395

Widal Test 43

Back 1395

Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region) agglutination indicates Abs to O; H; Vi Salmunella Ags

Front 1396

Wayson’s Stain 44

Back 1396

Yersinia

Front 1397

Pneumonic Plaque Transmission 45

Back 1397

Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea

Front 1398

Splenectomy 46

Back 1398

Predisposes to septicemia

Front 1399

Invasins 47

Back 1399

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Front 1400

Fusiform 48

Back 1400

Vincent’s trench mouth

Front 1401

S

Back 1401

viridans 49

Front 1402

Obligate Aerobes 50

Back 1402

Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium

Front 1403

Obligate Anaerobes 51

Back 1403

Clostridium; Actinomyces; Bacteroides

Front 1404

Staph aureus 52

Back 1404

A Protein; Catalase +/ Coagulase +

Front 1405

Spirochetes 53

Back 1405

Treponema; Borrelia; Leptospira

Front 1406

Non Motile Gram (+) Rods 54

Back 1406

Corenybacterium D & Nocardia

Front 1407

Acid Fast Organisms 55

Back 1407

Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora

Front 1408

Pigment Producing Bacteria 56

Back 1408

Serratia – red (can cause pseudohemoptysis)

Front 1409

57

Back 1409

Pseudomonas A – piocyanin blue/green

Front 1410

58

Back 1410

Staph Aureus – yellow – Protein A

Front 1411

59

Back 1411

Mycobacteria – photo/scoto chromogenic – caritinoid – yellow/orange

Front 1412

60

Back 1412

Corneybacterium D – black/gray – pseudomembrane plaque in throat

Front 1413

61

Back 1413

Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus – black (heme)

Front 1414

62

Back 1414

E

Front 1415

Bacterial Morphology 63

Back 1415

Pneumococci – lancet shaped diplococci

Front 1416

64

Back 1416

Neisseria – kidney bean shaped diplococci

Front 1417

65

Back 1417

Camphylobacter – gulls’ wings/comas

Front 1418

66

Back 1418

Vibrio Cholera – coma shaped

Front 1419

67

Back 1419

Corneybacterium D – club shaped (nonmotile; G+Rod)

Front 1420

68

Back 1420

Yersinia – safety pin seen in Wayson’s stain

Front 1421

Inclusion Bodies 69

Back 1421

Rabies – Negri bodies – intracytoplasmic

Front 1422

70

Back 1422

Pox virus – Guarnieri – intracytoplasmic & acidophilic

Front 1423

71

Back 1423

CMV – Owl’s eyes – intracytoplasmic & intranuclear

Front 1424

72

Back 1424

HSV – Cowdry bodies – intranuclear

Front 1425

Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni 73

Back 1425

Intestinal – contact w/ bad water

Front 1426

Schistosoma Haematolium 74

Back 1426

Vesicular – contact w/ bad water

Front 1427

Non Human Schistosom 75

Back 1427

Swimmer’s itch – contact w/ bad water

Front 1428

Clonorchichis 76

Back 1428

Chinese liver fluke – eating raw fish

Front 1429

Fasciola Hepatica 77

Back 1429

Sheep – eating raw fish

Front 1430

Fasciola Biski 78

Back 1430

Giant intestinal flukes – eating raw fish

Front 1431

Paragonimus Westermani 79

Back 1431

Lung fluke – eating raw fish

Front 1432

Oxidase (+) 80

Back 1432

Neiserria and most Gram (-)s

Front 1433

Micro Aerophilic 81

Back 1433

Camphylobacter & Helicobacter

Front 1434

Urease (+) 82

Back 1434

All Proteus – can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4

Front 1435

83

Back 1435

Ureaplasma

Front 1436

84

Back 1436

Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter)

Front 1437

85

Back 1437

Cryptococcus

Front 1438

86

Back 1438

Nocardia

Front 1439

Coagulase (+) 87

Back 1439

Staph A & Yersenia pestis

Front 1440

Obligate Intracellular Bacteria 88

Back 1440

Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP); Mycobacterium Leprae; all Rickettsia except

Front 1441

Protozoa 89

Back 1441

Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi

Front 1442

90

Back 1442

Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found

Front 1443

Haemophilus Factors 91

Back 1443

X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD

Front 1444

All cocci are 92

Back 1444

Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella

Front 1445

“Eaton Fried Eggs” 93

Back 1445

Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)

Front 1446

Mycoplasma 94

Back 1446

No cell wall

Front 1447

95

Back 1447

P1 protein inhs ciliary action

Front 1448

96

Back 1448

Fried egg colonies

Front 1449

97

Back 1449

Atypical pneumonia – young adults

Front 1450

Sabrands 98

Back 1450

Fungal media

Front 1451

Malassazia furfur 99

Back 1451

Spaghetti & meat ball

Front 1452

Measles’ 3C’s 100

Back 1452

Cough – Coryza – Conjunctivitis

Front 1453

101

Back 1453

May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Front 1454

Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium 102

Back 1454

B

Front 1455

Bloody diarrhea agents 103

Back 1455

EIEC – EHEC – Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica – Entaemeba histolytica – Salmonella –

Front 1456

YW-135CA 104

Back 1456

N

Front 1457

Indian Ink 105

Back 1457

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 1458

Naegleria causes 106

Back 1458

Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming

Front 1459

Need Cysyeine for growth 107

Back 1459

“Ella likes cysteine”:

Front 1460

108

Back 1460

Francisella

Front 1461

109

Back 1461

Brucella

Front 1462

110

Back 1462

Legionella

Front 1463

111

Back 1463

Pasturella

Front 1464

Endotoxins; G(+) or G(-) 112

Back 1464

Gram (-): N

Front 1465

Ecthyma Gangrenosum; seen w/ 113

Back 1465

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

Front 1466

Endospores G(+) 114

Back 1466

Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium – made up of dipicolinate & Keratin

Front 1467

Multi Brain Abscess 115

Back 1467

Nocardia

Front 1468

Single Brain Abscess 116

Back 1468

Actinomyces israelli

Front 1469

↑risk for Strep pneum Infection 117

Back 1469

Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness

Front 1470

Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive 118

Back 1470

Strep

Front 1471

Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant 119

Back 1471

Strep

Front 1472

Staph

Back 1472

Saprophyticus 120

Front 1473

Staph

Back 1473

Epidermidis 121

Front 1474

Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive 122

Back 1474

Strep

Front 1475

123

Back 1475

Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A

Front 1476

Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant 124

Back 1476

Strep

Front 1477

EFII Ribosylation 125

Back 1477

Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A

Front 1478

126

Back 1478

Protective Antigen (PA)

Front 1479

127

Back 1479

Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages

Front 1480

128

Back 1480

Edema Factor = ↑cAMP

Front 1481

Woolsorter’s Disease 129

Back 1481

Bacillus anthracis

Front 1482

Grows in Rice 130

Back 1482

Bacillus Cereus

Front 1483

Clostridium Perfringens 131

Back 1483

Double Zone Hemolysis (test)

Front 1484

132

Back 1484

Lecithinase: toxin = lyses RBCs

Front 1485

133

Back 1485

80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases

Front 1486

Clostridium Difficile 134

Back 1486

2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B)

Front 1487

135

Back 1487

Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin)

Front 1488

Spastic Paralysis toxin 136

Back 1488

Clostridium Tetani toxin

Front 1489

Clostridium Botulinum 137

Back 1489

Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)

Front 1490

Infant Botulinum 138

Back 1490

Floppy Baby Syndrome

Front 1491

Thayer Martin Agar 139

Back 1491

Neisseria ID

Front 1492

DOC for N

Back 1492

gonorrhoeae 140

Front 1493

K1 E

Back 1493

Coli Capsular Ag 141

Front 1494

The A’s of Klebsiella 142

Back 1494

Alcoholics

Front 1495

143

Back 1495

Aspiration pneumonia

Front 1496

144

Back 1496

Abscesses in the lungs

Front 1497

Rice H2O Diarrhea 145

Back 1497

Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis

Front 1498

Raw seafood intoxicaiton 146

Back 1498

Vibrio parahemolyticus

Front 1499

Helicobacter Txt 147

Back 1499

Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)

Front 1500

↑risk of P

Back 1500

aeroginosa infection 148

Front 1501

Contact lens’ infection 149

Back 1501

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

Front 1502

Cat Bites 150

Back 1502

Pasteurella multocida

Front 1503

Undulant Fever 151

Back 1503

Brucella

Front 1504

Bordet Gengou Agar 152

Back 1504

Bordetella pertusis ID

Front 1505

Lowenstein-Jensen medium 153

Back 1505

M

Front 1506

Cat Scratch Disease 154

Back 1506

Bartonella henselae

Front 1507

155

Back 1507

Toxoplasmosis

Front 1508

Pink Eye 156

Back 1508

Adenovirus (type 8)

Front 1509

True Hemaphrodite 157

Back 1509

Testes & Ovaries are present

Front 1510

Pseudo Hemaphrodite 158

Back 1510

External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads

Front 1511

Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite 159

Back 1511

Testicular Feminization

Front 1512

HLA Genes Location 160

Back 1512

6p

Front 1513

Parvovirus B19 161

Back 1513

Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA)

Front 1514

Interferon MOA 162

Back 1514

Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)

Front 1515

Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis 163

Back 1515

Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A

Front 1516

Parainfluenza Causes… 164

Back 1516

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

Front 1517

Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis 165

Back 1517

Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)

Front 1518

RSV 166

Back 1518

Bronchiolitis in infants

Front 1519

Removed tonsils; find what virus 167

Back 1519

In 80%; Adenovirus

Front 1520

Bone Fever 168

Back 1520

Dengue: Group B Togavirus; from the Arbovirus; transmitted by mosquitos

Front 1521

HbsAg 169

Back 1521

Appears in blood soon after infection; before onset of acute illness

Front 1522

170

Back 1522

Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness

Front 1523

HbeAg 171

Back 1523

Appears early acute phase; indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease

Front 1524

172

Back 1524

Disappears before HbsAg is gone

Front 1525

Anti-Hbc 173

Back 1525

Present in beginning of clinical illness

Front 1526

174

Back 1526

Seen in the “window phase”

Front 1527

Filamentous Bacteria 175

Back 1527

Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces

Front 1528

Listeria contaminates 176

Back 1528

Milk; cheese; vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections

Front 1529

Shiga like Toxin 177

Back 1529

E

Front 1530

Necrotizing Fasciitis 178

Back 1530

Group A Streptococci

Front 1531

Relapsing Fever 179

Back 1531

Borrelia recurrentis

Front 1532

Loffler’s Medium 180

Back 1532

Corneybacterium diphtheriae

Front 1533

Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle 181

Back 1533

Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell

Front 1534

182

Back 1534

Reticulate Body: made from elementary body

Front 1535

183

Back 1535

W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions

Front 1536

184

Back 1536

Cell wall lacks muramic acid

Front 1537

Trench Fever 185

Back 1537

Rochalimaea quintana

Front 1538

“Spotted Fever” Members 186

Back 1538

Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R

Front 1539

187

Back 1539

R

Front 1540

Thrush Txt 188

Back 1540

Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth

Front 1541

Rose Bush Thorns 189

Back 1541

Have Sporothrix schenckii

Front 1542

Contact lens solution infection 190

Back 1542

Acanthamoeba

Front 1543

Filiariasis Causant 191

Back 1543

Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis

Front 1544

Freshwater lake infection 192

Back 1544

Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri

Front 1545

Reduviid bug bite 193

Back 1545

Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease): Romana’s Sign

Front 1546

Schistosoma Haematobium causes 194

Back 1546

Bladder calcificaiton & cancer

Front 1547

Schistosoma Mansoni causes 195

Back 1547

Presinusoidal HTN; splenomagaly; esophageal varices

Front 1548

Snail; intermediate host of… 196

Back 1548

Schistosomiasis

Front 1549

Ixodes scapularis transmits 197

Back 1549

Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi

Front 1550

Nantucket Protozoa 198

Back 1550

Babesia microt

Front 1551

Infection by Reduviid Bug 199

Back 1551

Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas’ Disease

Front 1552

Infection by TseTse Fly 200

Back 1552

Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness

Front 1553

Infection by Sandfly 201

Back 1553

Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L

Front 1554

Leishman by L

Back 1554

tropica; mexicana; peruviana

Front 1555

Infection by Ixodes Tick 202

Back 1555

Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease

Front 1556

Infection by Anopheles Mosquito 203

Back 1556

Malaria

Front 1557

204

Back 1557

Giardia lamblia

Front 1558

Nonseptate Hyphae 205

Back 1558

Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor

Front 1559

Histoplasmosis Geography 206

Back 1559

Ohio; Mississippi; Misouri River valleys

Front 1560

Coocidioidomycosis Geography 207

Back 1560

Southwestern deserts; California

Front 1561

Blastomycosis Geography 208

Back 1561

States east of Mississippi River

Front 1562

209

Back 1562

Latin America

Front 1563

Roseola Infection; aka 210

Back 1563

Exanthema Subitum: “Sixth Disease” (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA; enveloped)

Front 1564

Herpangina 211

Back 1564

“Hand-Foot-and-Mouth” Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)

Front 1565

Orthomyxovirus 212

Back 1565

–ssRNA; enveloped virus

Front 1566

213

Back 1566

Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase

Front 1567

214

Back 1567

Influenza A & B

Front 1568

Paramyxovirus 215

Back 1568

–RNA; enveloped

Front 1569

216

Back 1569

Mumps

Front 1570

217

Back 1570

Croup(Parainfluenza virus)

Front 1571

218

Back 1571

Rubeola(Measles virus)

Front 1572

219

Back 1572

RSV

Front 1573

Togavirus 220

Back 1573

+ssRNA; enveloped

Front 1574

221

Back 1574

3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus

Front 1575

222

Back 1575

Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis

Front 1576

Flaviviris 223

Back 1576

Dengue Fever – icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit

Front 1577

224

Back 1577

Yellow fever

Front 1578

225

Back 1578

St

Front 1579

Bunyavirus 226

Back 1579

–ssRNA; enveloped

Front 1580

227

Back 1580

California Encephalitis – severe bifrontal headaches

Front 1581

228

Back 1581

Hantavirus – hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp

Front 1582

IgA Protease Activity 229

Back 1582

H

Front 1583

230

Back 1583

Strep

Front 1584

231

Back 1584

N

Front 1585

232

Back 1585

N

Front 1586

233

Back 1586

W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa

Front 1587

Diphtheria: ABCDEFG 234

Back 1587

Adenopathy

Front 1588

235

Back 1588

Prophage encodes the exotoxin

Front 1589

236

Back 1589

Corneybacteria is Club shaped

Front 1590

237

Back 1590

Diphtheria

Front 1591

238

Back 1591

Elongation Factor II

Front 1592

239

Back 1592

Granules (metachromatic)

Front 1593

Only ssDNA 240

Back 1593

Parvovirus: “Part of a virus”

Front 1594

Only dsRNA 241

Back 1594

Reovirus; “RepeatOvirus”

Front 1595

Naked RNA 242

Back 1595

“Naked for CPR”: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus

Front 1596

2 circular DNAs 243

Back 1596

Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus

Front 1597

BK 244

Back 1597

Papovavirus

Front 1598

Hepadna; Retrovirus? 245

Back 1598

No; but has reverse transcriptase

Front 1599

Picornovirus: “PERCH” 246

Back 1599

Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A

Front 1600

Eclipse Phase No internal virus

Back 1600

1 total virus per cell

Front 1601

Latent Phase No external virus

Back 1601

Extracellular virus found

Front 1602

Naked Capsid Virus Nucleocapsid

Back 1602

DNA or RNA + Structural proteins

Front 1603

Enveloped Virus Membrane

Back 1603

Nucleocapsid + Glycoprotein

Front 1604

Interferon Non virus specific

Back 1604

Works by RNA endonuclease = digests viral DNA + inh viral prot synth

Front 1605

E Brick

Back 1605

Rep H = Herpes

Front 1606

C P R F T C ------ ico (+) Linear

Back 1606

F = Flavi

Front 1607

No segment

Back 1607

Rep in Cyto T = Toga

Front 1608

Linear

Back 1608

Non seg

Front 1609

C5a Neutral chemotaxis

Front 1610

35 www

Back 1610

brain101

Front 1611

Cocciodes Hyphae in wild

Back 1611

Artroconidia

Front 1612

Histoplasma Cap Hyphae in wild

Back 1612

Microcondida w/ tuberculate macrocondida

Front 1613

w/ a small neck

Front 1614

Sporothrix Schenkii Hypahe in wild

Back 1614

Potas iodide in milk

Front 1615

PCP Obligate parasite

Back 1615

Kills type I pneumo cells

Front 1616

Gram (-) Bugs w/ Exotoxins E

Back 1616

Coli; V

Front 1617

E

Back 1617

Histolitica Cysts Trophozoites or cysts in stool

Front 1618

Balantium C

Back 1618

Cysts Trophozoites or cysts in stool

Front 1619

Trichomonas V

Back 1619

Trophozoites Motile trophozoites

Front 1620

Miscellaneous

Back 1620

questions

Front 1621

1

Back 1621

Fastest growing tumor – Burkitt’s

Front 1622

2

Back 1622

PE’s are found in half of all autopsies

Front 1623

3

Back 1623

Courvoisier’s Law: tumors that obstruct the common bile duct cause enlarged gallbladders; but obstructing

Front 1624

gallstones do not (too much scarring); so if you can palpate the gallbladder you’e probably looking at cancer

Front 1625

4

Back 1625

Only DNA virus to replicate in cytoplasm: Pox

Front 1626

5

Back 1626

Only RNA virus to replicate in nucleus: Influenza

Front 1627

6

Back 1627

Bacillus anthracis has the only protein capsule

Front 1628

7

Back 1628

Bordetella pertussis (Whooping Cough) elicits lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis

Front 1629

8

Back 1629

Bronchioalveolar carcinomas grow without destroying the normal architecture of the lung

Front 1630

9

Back 1630

Cryptococcus neoformans often lacks a capsule and; when stained with GMS; looks just like Pneumycistis carinii;

Front 1631

except that Cryptococcus lacks the prominent nucleoli

Front 1632

10

Back 1632

Weil Felix reaction: (+)R

Front 1633

11

Back 1633

Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) tests: 1)VDRL 2)FTA-Abs: most widely used 3)TPI (immobilization test – most

Front 1634

36 www

Back 1634

brain101

Front 1635

IL 1 12

Back 1635

Monocytes; macrophages Stimulates T cell proliferation & IL2 produciton

Front 1636

IL 2 13

Back 1636

Macrophages; T & NK cells Stim prolif of B; T & NK cell

Front 1637

IL 3 14

Back 1637

T cells GF of tissue mast cells & hematopoietic stem cells

Front 1638

IL 4 15

Back 1638

T cells ↑growth of B & T cells/ ↑HLA II Ags

Front 1639

IL 5 16

Back 1639

T cells Maturation of B plasma cell

Front 1640

IL 6 17

Back 1640

T cells; monocytes Maturation of B & T cell/ (-) fibroblasts

Front 1641

IFN 18

Back 1641

B cells; macrophages Antiviral activity

Front 1642

IFN 19

Back 1642

Fibroblasts Antiviral activity

Front 1643

IFN gamma 20

Back 1643

T & NK cells Antiviral activity; (+) macrophages; ↑HLA II Ags

Front 1644

TNF 21

Back 1644

Macrophages; T & NK cells T cell prolif; IL 2 prod; cytotoxicity

Front 1645

TNF 22

Back 1645

T cells T cell prolif; IL 2 prod; cytotoxicity

Front 1646

Genes Chrom

Back 1646

Associated Tumors

Front 1647

VHL 3p

Back 1647

Von Hippel Lindau; Renal Cell CA

Front 1648

APC

Back 1648

5p Familial adenomatous polyposis; Colon CA

Front 1649

WT-1

Back 1649

11p Wilm’s tumor

Front 1650

Rb

Back 1650

13q Retinoblastoma; Osteosarcoma

Front 1651

BRCA-2

Back 1651

13q Breast CA

Front 1652

p53

Back 1652

17p Most human Cas

Front 1653

NF-1

Back 1653

17q Neurofibromatosis type 1

Front 1654

BRCA-1

Back 1654

17q Breast CA; Ovarian CA

Front 1655

DCC

Back 1655

18q Colon & Stomach CA

Front 1656

DPC

Back 1656

18q Pancreatic CA

Front 1657

NF-2

Back 1657

22q Neurofibromatosis type 2 = bilateral acoustic neuroma