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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Leading cause of Spinal Cord Injury
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MVA Followed by falls and violence |
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Non Traumatic Causes of SCI
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Scoliosis |
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Acquired Conditions f SCi |
malignant growths embolisims thrombosis hemorrhages radiation vaccinations |
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Signs and Symptoms of SCI |
you have Complete and Incomplete classifications |
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COmplete of SCI |
Complete transections of the cord all ascending and descending pathways are interrupted/ total loss of sensory and motor functions |
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Incomplete of SCI
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Damage to the spinal cord does not cause a total transection and some degree of voluntary movement or sensation below the level of injury will remain |
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Reflex Arc of SCI |
ex- knee jerk reflex with reflex hammer |
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Upper Motor Neuron Injuries |
Loss of voluntary function below the level of injury. Spastic paralysis , no muscle atrophy and hyperactive reflexes |
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Lower Motor Neuron
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Reflex arc cant occur in these injuries Loss of voluntary function below lower level of injury. |
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Anterior Cord Syndrome |
Loss of motor functions, thermal, pain and tactile sensation below the level of injury. |
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Brown Sequard Syndrome
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ipsilateral and contralateral loss |
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ASIA scale
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A -lowest score-complete, no motor or sensory functions in the sacral s4-s5 |
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ASIA cont. |
E- Normal motor and sensory function is normal |
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MMT
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2 is active movement full ROM with gravity eliminated. 5- is Normal Active movement, full ROM against full resistance NT- not testable |
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Medical Management OF SCI
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FIRST thing is immobilization; then an EVAL of the vertebral column and spinal cord SURGICAL laminectomies |
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Complications of SCI Spinal Shock |
altered Reflex activity, flaccid paralysis of muscles below the level of injury last 1 wk to 6 months |
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Complications of SCI Autonomic Dysreflexia |
hyperreflexea exaggerated response of the ANS; usually with injuries above T6 level symptom include sudden pounding headache, goose bumps flushing, tachycardia. irritation of the nerves etc |
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Course and Prognosis of SCI
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depends on level of injury and type of damage depends on patients motivation and support system. clinicians should always be aware and acknowledge the validity of the client's perspective on recovery. " to regain or compensate" |
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Definition of Orthopedics |
Injury and disease of joints, bones and their related structures which includes ligaments, tendons and muscles |
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Cont of DEf of Orthopedics
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Most common orthopedic injury |
Fracture |
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Etiology of Fractures
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2 critical factors in determination of fracture: amount of force applied to bone and strength of bone. |
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Etiology of Osteoarthritis
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DJD. not an inflammation disease, results in deterioration of articular cartilage and the formation of new bone or osteophytes on the joint surface; these changes results in pain, joint edema and impaired participation in life activities. most disabling in knees 27 mill affected |
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Etiology of other Orthopedic conditions
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Diseases characterized by low bone density and deterioration of the bone, common in post menopausal women. |
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Osteoporosis |
Irreversible, a person can live a productive and active life but will need to take extra caution in joint protection and fall prevention low bone density |
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Osteopenia
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reversible weakening of the bone that may be diagnosed through a bone density scan, can be improved through a balanced diet supplements weight bearing exercises and dexa screenings.
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Heterotopic Ossification
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Abnormal bone formation in extraskeletal soft tissues, associated with traumatic injuries severity depends on joints involved. 20 percent of patients have permanent functional loss |
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Incidence and Prevalence of Osteoarthritis
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Fractures- unintentional falls is the leading cause of non fatal injuries in the US across all ages Osteoarthritis- is one of the leading cause of disability impeding people's capacity to engage in meaningful activities experience pain weakness loss of range of motion |
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Signs and Symptoms of OSteo Typical fractures |
Closed Fracture Open Fracture Compound and Greenstick |
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Prognosis and functional outcomes Orthropedic conditions Varies and depends on what |
age, type of fracture location, severity of fracture and health status. |
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weight bearing status post surgery
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TTWB Toe touch weight bearing
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10-15% foot of operated leg may rest on the floor |
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PWB- PArtial weight bearing
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30-50% patient can use of weight through the operated leg |
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WB- weight bearing as tolerated |
patient may put as much weight through the operated leg as tolerated |
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FWB- full weight bearing |
75-100% patient bears full weight on the operated leg. |
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Total Hip Precautions
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hip rotation on operated leg no hip adduction of operated leg, (crossing legs) |
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Macular degeneration What does it lead too? |
progressive disease that leads to chronic loss of sight and limits everyday function. |
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Cause of age related Macular degeneration
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Genetic environmental factors of Macular degeneration
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combination of genetic ( complete factor H gene and gene variants BF and environmental like smoking, diet and UV exposure. |
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Signs and symptoms of Wet and dry Macular Degeneration Dry |
No severe damage, progression is slower, initially taking years to develop. can result in loss of central vision |
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Wet
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acute loss of central vision that becomes permanent |
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Treatment for Macular degeneration |
Medications and laser treatments. |
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Glaucoma
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Low vision disorder characterized by loss of ganglion cell layer of retina usually caused by increased intraocular pressure |
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Glaucoma
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Second most common cause of blindness worldwide. Marked increase in the prevalence of glaucoma among people older than 40 years |
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Cataracts |
Opacifications of the crystalline lens of the eyes, which result in decreased amount of light reaching the retina |
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strongest risk factor for cataract
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Age is the strongest |
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What client factor is impaired in low vision disorders |
Visual function |
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Muscular Dystrophy
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A progressive neuromuscular disorder |
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9 different types with over 30 different subtypes |
Becker muscular dystrophy emry dreifuss muscular dys Limb-girdle fascioscapulohumeral myotonic oculopharyngeal muscular distal muscular congenital |
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