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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
motor?
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facilitating movement
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sensory?
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facilitating sensation
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depolarization?
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equilibration of ion concentration resulting in impulse conduction
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repolarization?
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pumping of ions out of cell resulting in return to baseline
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synapses?
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transmit impulses to the eventual destination from neurons
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neurotransmitters?
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chemical substances that enhance or inhibit nerve impulses
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meninges?
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the immediate protective covering of the brain and spinal cord
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supratentorial?
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above the tentorium
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infratentorial?
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below the tentorium
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Broca's area?
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speech area of the cerebrum responsible for formation of words
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Wernicke's area?
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speech area of the cerebrum enabling processing of words into coherent thought (association)
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thalamus?
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major "relay station" for the central nervuos system
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hypothalamus?
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part of the autonomic nervous system and essential part of intellectual function
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hypophysis? (pituitary gland)
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gland which releases hormones under the regulation of the hypothalamus
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reticular activating system?
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cells in the brainstem which control awareness and alertness
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cerebellum?
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part of the brain which controls physical movement
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ipsilateral?
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situated on the same side
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circle of Willis?
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ring of arteries at the base of the brain
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blood-brain barrier?
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keeps certain certain substances from passing from the blood into brain tissue
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cerebrospinal fluid?
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fluid surrounding and cushioning the brain and spinal cord
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gray matter?
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neuron cell bodies
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white matter?
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myelinated axons
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ascending tracts?
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tracts originating in the spinal cord and ending in the brain
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descending tracts?
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tracts beginning in the brain and ending the spinal cord
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afferent pathway?
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nerve branch carrying sensory information to the spinal cord
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efferent pathway?
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nerve branch carrying motor impulses to the muscles of the body
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dermatomes?
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represent sensory input from spinal nerves to specific areas of the skin
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plexuses?
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clusters of nerves
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reflexes?
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sensory input from a specific peripheral location which account for a change in the motor impulses going to that location independent of mediation in the cerebral cortex
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autonomic nervous system?
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system comprised of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
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presbycusis?
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decrease in hearing, especially for high-pitched sounds
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alert?
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client who is awake and responsive
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orientation?
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awareness of "person, place, and time" in the client
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remote memory?
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long-term memory
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recall memory?
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recent memory
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immediate memory?
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new memory
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touch discrimination?
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ability to determine location of a touch
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proprioception?
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awareness of body position
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contralateral?
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opposite side
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pronator drift?
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fall of arm with palm turned inward; caused by muscle weakness due to cerebral or brainstem damage
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Romberg sign?
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client sways when eyes closed but not when eyes are open
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deep tendon reflexes?
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reflexes of the biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, quadriceps, and Achilles tendon
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cutaneous reflexes?
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plantar and abdominal reflexes
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Babinski's sign?
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dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of the other toes associated with CNS disease
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clonus?
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sudden, brief, jerking contraction of a muscle or muscle group
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Glasgow Coma Scale?
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establishes baseline data in three areas: eye opening, motor response, and verbal response
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decortication?
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abnormal posturing seen in the client with lesions that interrupt the corticospinal pathways
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decerebration?
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abnormal posturing and rigidity associated with dysfunction in the brainstem area
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PERRLA?
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Pupils should be Equal in size, Round and Regular in shape, and react to Light and Accommodation
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direct response?
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pupil constriction due to light stimulus
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consensual response?
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constriction of pupil due solely to constriction in the other pupil and not stimulus
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cerebral angiography?
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injection of contrast medium into artery to identify aneurysms, injuries, strictures/occlusions, tumors, and arteriovenous malformations
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computed tomography (CT) scanning?
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method of diagnosing neurological problems using pictures taken at many horizontal levels which are combined to give a 3D image of the brain or spinal cord
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positron emission tomography (PET)?
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diagnostic method which yields information about the function of the brain, specifically glucose and oxygen metabolism and cerebral blood flow
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single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)?
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method useful for studying cerebral blood flow, stroke, dementia, AIDS, amnesia, neoplasms, head trauma, seizures, persistent vegetative state, brain death, and psychiatric disorders
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magnetic resonance angiography?
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MRI test used to identify arterial blockages, intracranial aneurysms, and arteriovenous malformations
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magnetic resonance spectroscopy?
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MRI test used to detect abnormalities in the brain's biochemical processes
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lumbar puncture (spinal tap)?
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insertion of a spinal needle into the subarachnoid space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae to obtain data or inject medications
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spinal headache?
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severe, throbbing headache associated with a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid
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electroencephalography (EEG)?
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test recording the electrical activities of the cerebral hemispheres
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electromyography (EMG)?
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test recording the electrical activity of peripheral nerves by testing muscle activity
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electromyoneurography?
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combination of electromyography and electroneurography
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brain scan?
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imaging study involving the injection of a radioactive substance in order to detect pathologic conditions
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transcranial Doppler?
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test used to evaluate intracranial hemodynamics
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