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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a gland?
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A structure that secretes hormones
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What is a hormone?
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A substance which produces some kind of change in an organ/body
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Anterior pituitary gland
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Adenohypophysis. Secretes MOST of the hormones.
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Posterior pituitary gland
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Neurohypophysis
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Pituitary gland
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Hypophysis
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What is HGH and what does it do?
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Human growth hormone- Makes you grow. At a certain point the levels drop.
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Condition of the extremities enlarging.
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Acromegaly
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Overproduction of HGH in childhood
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Gigantism
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Underproduction of HGH in childhood
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Dwarfism
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Where is the thyroid gland and what does it do?
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In the neck- regulates metabolism.
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Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland which regulates metabolism
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Thyroxine
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Too much thyroxine in the system results in-
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Hypoerthyroidism or Graves' disease.
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BMR
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Basal metabolic rate
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Swollen/overworking of the thyroid gland.
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Goiter
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Part of the thyroid gland that connects them together.
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Isthmus
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Another hormone secreted by the thyroid gland and what it does.
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Calcitonin - regulates the levels of blood calciuim. Takes calcium from the blood and into the bones.
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Four glands located on the posterior side of the lobes of the thyroid and what they do
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Parathyroids - Regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood.
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Hormone secreted by the parathyroids and what it does
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Parathyroid hormone - takes calcium from the bones and puts it in the blood.
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Lack of ADH
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Diabetes insipidus
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TSH
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thyroid stimulating hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland
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What does TSH do?
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Causes the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine.
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Too much TSH causes what?
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It causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroxine, causing hyperthyroidism
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One particular type of hyperthyroidism
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Graves' disease
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Characteristic of Graves' disease
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Exopthalmos- protruding eyeballs
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Too little thyroxine
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Hypothyroidism
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One type of hypothyroidism present in children
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Cretenism
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Another name for that disease, but in adults
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Myxedema.
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Too much calcium in the blood
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Hyperparathyroidism. Bones become osteocerotic.
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Too little calcium in the blood
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Hypoparathyroidism
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Muscle twitching
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Tetany
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Hyperflexion of the wrist and extension and stiffening of the fingers
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Trousseau's sign
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Two glands in the pancreas
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Endocrine and Exocrine
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Explain those glands
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Exocrine - 1% - has ducts
Endocrine - 99% - ductless |
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A cells vs. B cells
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A cells - need glucose to live. A cells produce glucagons which go into the liver and convert the stored glucose into glucose that the body can use.
B cells - produce insulin |
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Insulin--
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Allows glucose to get into the cells
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What happens when glucose can't get into the cells and the blood-sugar level goes up
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Diabetes mellitus
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Type 1-
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Juvenile Onset / Insulin dependent. The B cells in the pancreas are not producing insulin.
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Type 2-
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Adult onset. Insulin is being produced, but the surface of the cells dont react to it and so the insulin can't transport the glucose.
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A bi product of fat mobilization.
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Fatty acids.
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What does fat mobilization create and what does it lead to?
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Ketone bodies, leads to ketoacidosis.
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What is ketoacidosis and what does it result in
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It depresses the brian centers that have to do with breathing and awareness. Results in diabetic coma.
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Happens if you fast.
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Ketonic
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Glands located on top of the kidneys
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Adrenal glands
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Two portions to the adrenal glands
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Cortex / Medulla
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What does the cortex of the adrenal glands secrete?
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Adrenaline aka epinephrine
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What does the medulla of the adrenal glands secrete?
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Cortisol
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To little cortisol secreted by the medulla
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Addison's disease-- weight loss, abnormal skin color, blood pressure probs, fainting
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Too much cortisol
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Cushing's syndrome-- weight gain distributed unevently, lethargic, mental functioning dull
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Gland which no one knows exactly what it does
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Pineal gland - said to be involved with sleep-wake cycles.
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