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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Define the mass media

Agencies of communication that transmit information, education, news and entertainment to mass audiences.
What are the 3 types of media?
-print media
-audio-visual media
-digital(cyber media) media

How is there less consumer choice of media?

Concentration of ownership

What is horizontal integration.

when media companies own a diverse range of media.

What is vertical integration.

when media companies try to control all aspect of their industry in order to increase profits and gain greater economic control.

What is horizontal integration also known as.

Cross-media owenrship

What is diversification?

when firms diversify into new business areas in order to spread risk.

What is diversification also known as?

lateral expansion

What is global conglomeration?

when companies operate in a global market for a wide range of products and services.

What is a synergy?

when media companies use their range of different media outlets to package and advertise their products in several ways.

What is technological convergence?

when several technologies are put into one product.

2 reasons Doyle believes we should study media control.

1-To have a diverse and pluralistic provision of media to avoid power abuse and to ensure all points are covered.


2-Because of the profound effect media can have on public opinion.


Evaluation of Doyle.

Pluralists:


-concerns are over exaggerated


-media meets demands of consumer market


-owners cannot voice their own opinions because they would be undermined by the public.

Who are to power holders according to Pluralists?

The consumers and audiences.

What role do the media owners have according to Pluralists?

They are objective, responsible and impartial facilitators of a political process.

Why do pluralists believe media owners don't have control over the day to day running of their business?

They have to focus of global problems such as trade and investment.

Why do pluralists believe there is a concentration of ownership in the media? Give 3 reasons.

To reduce costs.


To maximise audience sizes.


Attract advertising revenue.

What does PSB stand for? And what are there obligations?

Public service broadcasters.


To educate, inform and entertain the full audience spectrum.

Name 2 main pluralist arguments.

-Media Professionalism.


-Audience Criticism and Diversity.

Define Ideology.

A false set of ideas and ideals.

Define meritocratic.

A system in which advancement is based of individual ability or achievement.

What is false class consciousness?

When the WC come to believe that the capitalist system benefits us all equally.

What is a media conglomerate?

A company that owns large numbers of companies in various mass media.

Summarise Currans study between 1920-50.


Rise of press barons.


Proprietorial control.


What is proprietorial control?

Owned by a particular person- possessive.

Summarise Currans study between 1951-74

Great pluralist phase.


Investigative journalism.


Group consensus between editors and journalists that proprietorial control is not ideal.


BUT owners still chose a political party to support.


Summarise Currans study between 1974-92

Interventionist proprietorial control.


RUPERT MURDOCH.


Economic and profit motivation.


Personalised style of management.


Self censorship of journalists.

Summarise Currans study between 1997-Now.

Global market.


Less state controls and government regulation.


Murdoch&Blair.

What was Currans conclusion?

Pluralists are wrong! Owners do interfere with media content and the public do not trust journalists.


Marxists are wrong! Owners are motivated by profit not capitalist ideology . And goals are individualised not collectivised actions of owners.


But they do produce content which benefits capitalism in the long run.

What is agenda setting?

Controlling which issues come to public attention.

Define cultural hegemony.

the domination of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class, who manipulate the culture of that society.

Main view of the GUMG.


Media does support the interests of the capitalist system but this is a by product of social backgrounds of journalists and broadcasters.


What did Barnett and Weymour conclude.

Quality of television has been undermined by commercial pressures.


Main aim of all is to attract the largest audience.

What is the fallacy of choice?

That despite the growth of TV channels and free newspapers, there isn't more choice but just more of the same thing.

Conclusion of the GUMG.

Pluralist theories are out of touch with the modern global world.


Marxists over simplify the relationships of owners with the media and political elites.