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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are tolitarian nations?
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When the state largely dominates the potential agency of the media.
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What are democratic societies?
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They pride themselves on protecting freedom of the press and freedom of expression.
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What is radio piracy?
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The struggle between micro-broadcasters and commercial media corporations.
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What are the 3 types of communication media?
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1) Print
2) Broadcast 3) Common carries (mail, telephone, computer networks) |
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What is freedom of the press?
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The government should take a hans-off approach towards media.
First amendment of the U.S. Constitution |
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What is the FCC?
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Federal Communiactions Commission has responsibility for the issuance of licenses, the setting of some charges, and the enforcement of communication rules (e.g. regulate the forming of monopolies on media)
- regulate ownership and control of TV programming through Fin-Syn |
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What is 'Fin-Syn'?
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Financial interest and syndication rules used by the FCC:
It limits the ability of the tree major TV networks to aquire financial interests or syndication rights in television programming. Syndication = Zusammenschluss versch. Kapitalgeber |
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What is the impact of technological change on media regulation?
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Technological change make media regulation a fast-changing field.
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What is the fairness doctrine?
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A way in which the government attempted to protect against potentially abusive media domination.
Goal of the doctrine was to promote serious coverage of political/public issues. |
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What do copyright laws do?
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They protect the interests of artists, writers and the media industry by banning the unauthorised use or reproduction of many media-related products.
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What are ratings and warnings?
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Content is regulated by industry self-regulation, rather than formal governmentonvolvement.
e.g. rating systems for viewers |
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What is outlawing and controlling distribution?
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The suggestion that distributors should not sell obscene recordings, or control the distribution of them, to minors (Minderjährigen).
e.g. age limits for movies, special time slots for onscene TV programmes |
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What are microbroadcaster?
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Illegal ‘pirate’ operators on radio.
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What is the media deregulation approach?
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–Free market principle
–Deregulation is actually “selective” regulation |
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What is the media regulation approach?
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–Public interest principle
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What is the regulations in international perspective?
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–United States is typically more “deregulation” oriented
–In many European countries, media are state owned |
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How has communication media changed?
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1) Media technology has changed
2) Ownership patterns have changed These changes have led to the regulation of media ownership. |
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What is the issue of de-regulation?
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-Big media claims that de-regulation brings freedom and diversity to the market.
-In fact, it has done the opposite. |
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What are the4 dimensions of regulating media content?
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1) Regulating for diversity
2) Regulating for morality 3) Regulating for accuracy—advertising 4) Regulating for national interest |
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Music industry: What is a closed system?
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It implies that a few firms hold most of the record labels as was the case in the 1940s and ‘50s and is the case now.
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Music industry: What is an open system?
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We have an open system where despite the fact
that there are few firms, there are many labels that make different music. |
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What is infotainment?
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A word often used to describe the way news shows bring across the news. The entertain us and provide some information of what’s going on in the world.
e.g. RTL News |
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What was the telecommunication act of 1996?
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Was a milestone in deregulations in the media industry. Led to fewer restrictions in content and allowed for a company to own more outlets.
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What is net neutrality?
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It is the idea that everyone should have equal and open access to the internet.
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What is self-regulation?
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If the media industry creates regulation rules for themselves. The reason to do so is to avoid interference (Einmischung) from outside.
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