Media Effects: Chapter 6

Front 1

Agenda Setting

Back 1

A type of communication effect showing a strong link between importance placed on issues by news media and importance of issues to public.

Front 2

Journalist and News Editors

Back 2

Who sets the media agenda?

Front 3

Gatekeeping

Back 3

Control over the flow of news information by media professionals is an important function called?

Front 4

Attribute Agenda Setting

Back 4

Press coverage of certain issue attributes influences voters.

Front 5

Framing

Back 5

Viewpoints, sources used, and word choices invite people to think about an issue in a particular way.

Front 6

Walter Lippmann

Back 6

Colunmist, social commentator of the early 20th Century. Wrote a book called Public Opinion.

Front 7

Pseudo-environment

Back 7

The news-media projections of the world create a ___________________ for each news consumer.

Front 8

The Cognitive Paradigm

Back 8

1960-70s researchers rejected persuasion paradigm to explain agenda-setting effects.

Front 9

1. A person's behavior.

2. A person's cognitive abilities.

3. Environmental events.

Back 9

What three factors influence each other bidirectionally?

Front 10

Priming

Back 10

Emphasizing or calling attention to certain characteristics of political candidates which influences consumer perceptions.

News coverage of some matters and not others influences standards for judgment of candidates.

Front 11

Chapel Hill Study--McCombs & Shaw, 1972

Back 11

•Voters queried before 1972 election to identify and rank issues of importance to the public.

• Independent variable--actual content of local news media.

•Dependent variable--issue salience

• Results--identical agendas for both public and news media.

Front 12

Transfer of Salience

Back 12

Mass media communication influences the public by selecting the important issues that set the agenda.

Front 13

•Vietnam War • Civil Rights •Youth rebel against authority •Drug use a serious problem

Back 13

In 1968, what were the concentrations of the first agenda study?

Front 14

Phase I: Initial Study

Back 14

Chapel Hill Study (1972), McCombs & Shaw

•Issues considered important by news media also considered important by general public.

Front 15

Phase II: Replication

Back 15

Charlotte Voter Study (1977), Shaw & McCombs.

•Voters with greater orientation needs or who used mass media more often were more likely to have agendas matching media agenda.

Front 16

Phase II: Replication

Back 16

Laboratory Study (1982), Iyengar, peters, & Kinder.

•Research participants who viewed stories about weak US defense capabilities rated issue more important.

Front 17

Phase III: Contingent Factors

Back 17

1976 Candidate Study (1981), Weaver, Graber, McCombs, & Eyal.

•Examined dynamics of voters' perceptions of candidatea and news media portrayals.

• Contingent Factors affect agenda-setting process.

--Occupation

--Education

--Geographic Location

Front 18

Phase IIII: Who Sets the Media Agenda?

Back 18

Media Agenda Sources (1991), Shoemaker & Reese

•Many influences on daily media agenda

--Sociological factors related to news organization and outside agencies.

--Ideological factors.

--Reporter and editor individuality.

--Media work routine.

Front 19

Wanta & Foote (1994)

Back 19

These two found that the president's issue agenda strongly influenced the media agenda.