Med Vocab

Front 1

Acute Bronchiolitis

Back 1

Inflammation of the bronchioles

Hint 1

Flamer

Front 2

Acute Bronchitis

Back 2

Inflammation of one or more Bronchi. The acute stage of the disease is typically an extension of an upper airway respiratory infection. Usually caused by a virus. Exposure to physical and chemical irritants inhaled in air polluted by dust, Automobile exhaust, industrial fumes, and tobacco smoke may make it more likely that a person will contract acute bronchitis and that they will have it longer.

Hint 2

Dust exhaust industrial and tabacco

Front 3

Acute Hypercapnia

Back 3

Carbon dioxide retention that occurs in a short period of time making the arterial blood more acidic

Hint 3

PapH

Front 4

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Back 4

A heart attack. Death of the cells of an area of the heart muscle (myocardium) occurring as a result of o2 deprivation which in turn is caused by an interruption of the blood supply

Hint 4

Heart attack

Front 5

Alveolar Capillary Membrane

Back 5

The walls of the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries which act as a semi permeable membrane to interchange various substances between the blood and tissue fluid

Hint 5

Semipermeable

Front 6

Alveoli

Back 6

Microscopic air sacs. The site in which gas exchange takes place within the lungs

Hint 6

Air sacs

Front 7

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Back 7

ALS often called Lou Gehrigs disease. ALS is an incurable, progressive degenerative neuromuscular disease

Hint 7

ALS

Front 8

Angina Pectoris

Back 8

Acute pain in the chest resulting from decreased blood supply of the heart muscle (myocardial ischemia)

Hint 8

Acute pain

Front 9

Anemia

Back 9

An abnormal condition characterized by a reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells or the amount of normal hemoglobin available to carry o2. Represents an insufficient carrying capacity.

Hint 9

Abnormal condition

Front 10

Apnea

Back 10

Cessation of breathing

Front 11

Arrhythmia

Back 11

Variation of the normal rhythm of the heart

Hint 11

Heart rhythm

Front 12

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Back 12

Invasive technique of drawing arterial blood that helps evaluate gas exchange in the lungs. Measures the bloods acid-base balance (pH), partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), and bicarbonate level (HCO3)

Hint 12

Measures ph, paco2, pao2 and hco3

Front 13

Arteries

Back 13

Blood vessels containing blood traveling away from the heart to vital organs and tissues throughout the body

Hint 13

What Carries blood

Front 14

Asthma

Back 14

Reversible airways disease. Condition marked by recurrent attacks of difficulty breathing due to constriction of the muscles surrounding the airways or inflammation of the air passages. It is characterized by hyper-responsive airways that overreact to environmental triggers causing symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain when airways tighten, swell, or fill with mucus

Hint 14

Hyper-responsive airways

Front 15

Atrium/Atria

Back 15

Recieving chamber(s) of the heart

Hint 15

Chambers

Front 16

Barrel chest

Back 16

Chest deformity characterized by a greater- than- normal front-to- back diameter (chest is abnormally round and bulging). Indicates that the lungs have lost their elasticity and the diaphragm is flattened causing air trapping within the lungs

Hint 16

Round and bulging

Front 17

Bradycardia

Back 17

Slowness of the heartbeat as evidence by slowing of the pulse rate to less than 60 beats per minute

Hint 17

Slow heart beat

Front 18

Bronchus/bronchi

Back 18

The large air tubes leading from the trachea to the lungs

Hint 18

Air tubes

Front 19

Bronchiectasis

Back 19

Abnormal stretching and enlarging of the respiratory passages due to mucus blockage. The blockage and resulting infection cause inflammation leading to weakening and widening of the passages. Weakened passages can become scarred and deformed, allowing more mucus and bacteria to accumulate, resulting in a cycle of infection and blocked airways.

Hint 19

Abnormal stretching

Front 20

Bronchioles

Back 20

Branches of the bronchi smaller than 1 millimeter in diameter

Hint 20

1mm

Front 21

Bullous/bullae

Back 21

Large vesicles or "bubbling out" of lung tissue

Hint 21

Bubbling

Front 22

Bronchospasms

Back 22

Spasmodic contraction of the muscular lining of the smaller divisions of the bronchi such as occurs in asthma.

Hint 22

Spasmodic contraction

Front 23

Cardiomyopathy

Back 23

A general diagnostic term designating primary myocardial disease

Hint 23

General diagnosis

Front 24

Cheyne-stokes respiration

Back 24

A type of periodic breathing with cycles of gradually increasing tidal volumes to maximum then progressively decreasing tidal volumes terminating in a period of apnea

Hint 24

Breathing with cycles

Front 25

Chronic

Back 25

Persisting for a long time; applied to a morbid (diseased) state showing little change or extremely slow progression over a long period

Hint 25

Long period

Front 26

Chronic bronchitis

Back 26

Chronic cough for at least 3 months in 2 successive years. Condition characterized by increased secretions from the bronchial mucosa and obstruction of the respiratory passages caused by long-term exposure to respiratory irritants. Causes shortness of breath, persisting cough, and expectoration

Front 27

Chronic hypercapnia

Back 27

Carbon dioxide retention that occurs over long periods. The blood pH will be normal due to the kidneys ability to compensate by reabsorbing HCO3

Hint 27

CO2 retention

Front 28

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Back 28

A functional category designating a chronic condition of persistent obstruction of bronchial airflow. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema

Hint 28

Chronic bronchitis / emphysema

Front 29

Compliance

Back 29

Measurement of the elastic properties of the lung. Low compliance values indicate the lungs are difficult to inflate

Hint 29

Elasiticity of lungs

Front 30

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Back 30

A condition in which the heart can no longer pump enough blood to the rest of the body. As the hearts pumping action is lost blood may back up in other areas of the body causing fluid to build up in the lungs, the liver, the gastrointestinal tract, and the arms and legs

Hint 30

Heart cant pump enough blood

Front 31

Cor pulmonale

Back 31

Cardiac condition in which there is right ventricular heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension

Front 32

Coronary arteries

Back 32

Tep large arteries that branch from the ascending aorta and supply the heart muscle with blood

Front 33

Cyanosis

Back 33

Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucus membranes die to reduced o2 on the hemoglobin of the blood

Front 34

Cystic fibrosis

Back 34

Hereditary disorder that affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, saliva, and digestive juices causing these secretions to become thick and sticky and plugged up tubes, ducts, and passageways especially in the pancreas and lungs. The disease is inherited as a recessive trait. Both parents must be carriers

Front 35

Diaphragmatic breathing

Back 35

A breathing technique to improve Ventilation and decrease energy consumption. This procedure consists of breathing more with the abdomen than the accessory muscles

Front 36

Diastole

Back 36

Period of time when the heart relaxes after a contraction

Front 37

Dyspnea

Back 37

Difficulty breathing. Descriptive term used to describe the patients awareness that breathing is difficult

Front 38

Edema

Back 38

Abnormal excess accumulation of fluid in tissues or cavities

Front 39

Emphysema

Back 39

Lyng disease that develops slowly over a period of years and may lead to serious disability and death. The lungs alveoli are weakened or destroyed and eventually there is a loss of elasticity in the lung tissue. Inspired air becomes trapped in the lungs making breathing difficult, especially during expiration

Front 40

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Back 40

amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration

Front 41

Guillain-barre syndrome

Back 41

Neuromuscular disease in which the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system

Front 42

HCO3

Back 42

Bicarbonate of blood plasma. An important parameter of acid base balance measured in blood gas analysis

Front 43

Hypercapnia

Back 43

Increased co2 concentration in the blood. Condition occurs when breathing is impaired and the removal of CO2 by the lungs is less than the production of CO2 in the tissues. The degree of CO2 retention is measured by the arterial and/or end tidal PCO2

Front 44

Hypopnea

Back 44

An abnormal respiratory event lasting at least 10 seconds causing a drop in saturation of at least 4 %

Front 45

Hypoxemia

Back 45

Decreased amount of o2 in the blood

Front 46

Hypoxia

Back 46

Deficiency of o2 reaching the body tissues

Front 47

Interstitial

Back 47

Referring to the space between 2 tissues

Front 48

Kussmaul breathing

Back 48

Air hunger. Deep sighing breathing

Front 49

Kyphoscoliosis

Back 49

A restrictive thoracic disorder, abnormal backward curvature of the spine.

Front 50

Larynx

Back 50

Voice box. Upper portion of the trachea which encases the vocal cords

Front 51

Mouth piece ventilation

Back 51

Patient engages and disengages from a mechanical ventilator via the mouthpiece to deliver on demand breath

Front 52

Mucocilliary escalator

Back 52

Defense mechanism of the respiratory system. Tiny cilia line the respiratory tract and aid in clearing the lungs of mucus by moving the mucus to the back of the throat to be spit or swollowed💦

Front 53

Myocardium

Back 53

Middle muscular layer of the heart wall

Front 54

Noninvasive Ventilation

Back 54

Noninvasive Ventilation refers to the provision of ventilatory support through the patients upper airways using a mask or smaller device.

Front 55

Orthopnea

Back 55

Difficulty breathing when lying down. Improved upon by standing or sitting

Front 56

Oximetry

Back 56

Noninvasive method to determine a patients o2 saturation (SaO2) in the arterial blood

Front 57

PaCo2

Back 57

Partial pressure CO2 in the blood. Gives you information about the production of CO2 through the metabolic process and the removal of it from the body via the lungs

Front 58

PaO2

Back 58

Partial pressure O2 in the blood. Measures the o2 content of the arterial blood, most of which is bound to hemoglobin, forming oxyhemoglobin

Front 59

pH

Back 59

Measure of the acid base balance in the arterial blood. A small change in pH ma7 reflect a drastic change in CO2 in the blood or tissue

Front 60

Pluera

Back 60

Membrane lining the chest cavity and covering the lungs

Front 61

Pleurisy

Back 61

Inflammation of the pleura caused by infection, injury, or tumor. It may be a complication of lung disease-pneumonia, tuberculosis, influenza, or lung abcess

Front 62

Pneumonia

Back 62

Disease that causes inflammation of the lungs

Front 63

Pneumonthorax

Back 63

The presence of air or gas in the pleural space of the chest cavity. This can result in a partial or complete collapse of the lungs

Front 64

Polycythemia

Back 64

Increased number of red blood cells in the blood. May be caused by chronic hypoxemia

Front 65

Positive pressure Ventilation

Back 65

Involves delivering a mechanically generated breath to get o2 in and co2 out

Front 66

Pulmonary fibrosis

Back 66

Chronic lung inflammation with progressive scarring of the alveolar walls. Symptoms include shortness of breath, dry cough, and decreased exercise tolerance. Many cases have no known cause

Front 67

Pulmonary function testing (pft)

Back 67

A group test that measures how well the lungs take in and release air and how well they move gases such as o2 from the atmosphere into the body's circulation

Front 68

Pulmonary hypertension

Back 68

High blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries

Front 69

Pursed lip breathing

Back 69

A breathing and retaining exercise consisting of inhaling through the nose and exhaling against pursed lips. This allows the patient to slow the respiratory rate, improve Ventilation, release air trapped in the lungs, keep the airways open longer and decrease the work of breathing, relieve shortness of breath, and promote general relaxation

Front 70

Respiration

Back 70

Exchange of gases between an organism and its environment

Front 71

Respiratory failure

Back 71

A life threatening condition in which respiratory function is inadequate to maintain the body's need for o2 supply and co2 removal while at rest

Front 72

Respiratory insufficiency (pulmonary insufficiency)

Back 72

Condition in which the lungs cannot take in enough o2 or expell sufficient co2 to mery the needs f the cells of the body

Front 73

SaO2

Back 73

Saturation of o2 in the arterial blood. Measured as a percentage of hemoglobin saturated with o2

Front 74

Systole

Back 74

Part of the cardiac cycle in which the heart is contracting

Front 75

Tachycardia

Back 75

Elevated heart rate above 100 bpm

Front 76

Tachypnea

Back 76

Very rapid respirations-above 20 breaths per minute

Front 77

Tracheostomy

Back 77

Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, with insertion of an individual tube to facilitate passage of air or evacuation of secretions

Front 78

Tidal volume

Back 78

The volume of gas inspired or expired during each respiratory cycle

Front 79

Veins

Back 79

Blood vessels carrying blood back to the heart from the organs and tissues

Front 80

Ventilation

Back 80

Breathing. Movement of air in and out of the lungs

Front 81

Ventricles

Back 81

Pumping chambers of the heart

Front 82

Vital capacity

Back 82

Volume of gas measured on a slow, complete exhalation (without forced or rapid effort) after a maximum inhalation. It measures the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled

Front 83

Anticoagulant

Back 83

A substance that stops the blood from clotting

Front 84

Pt/INR

Back 84

The prothrombin time test belongs to a group of blood tests that assess the clotting ability of blood. The test is also known as a pro time or pt test

Front 85

Artial fibrillation

Back 85

Arterial fibrillation and flutter are abnormal heart rhythms in which the atria or upper chambers of the heart are out of sync with the ventricles or lower chambers of the heart

Front 86

Venous Thromboembolism VTE

Back 86

The process by which blood clots occur and travel through the veins, the collective term for DVT and PE

Front 87

Pulmonary embolism PE

Back 87

Blood clotting in the lung

Front 88

Deep vein Thrombosis DVT

Back 88

Blood clotting in the veins of the inner thigh or leg

Front 89

Mechanical heart valve

Back 89

A synthetic mechanical or natural porcine valve surgically placed into the heart to replace a defective or malfunctioning valve