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163 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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absorption
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passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine and into bloodstream
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achalasia
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failure to lower esophageal sphincter muscle to relax
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achlorthydia
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absence of hydrochloric acid from the gastric juice
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amino acids
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are formed when large protein molecules are digested
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amylase
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enzyme that digests starches into simpler substances
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anal fistula
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abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
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anastomosis
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surgical procedure that creates new opening between two previously unconnected tubular organs or parts of same organ
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anorexia
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lack of appetite
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anus
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opening of the rectum to outside of body
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aphthous Stomatitis
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inflammation of mouth with canker sores
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appendectomy
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removal of appendix
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appendicitis
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inflammation of appendix
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appendix
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small slender sac near the begining of colon in the RLQ of abdomen
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ascites
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen
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bile
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yellow or orange fluid produced by liver, stored in gallbladder
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biliary
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pertaining to bile or bile duct
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billirubin
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yellow-orange pigment found in bile
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borborygmus
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rumbling or gurgling noise produced by negative movement of gas, fluid in gastrointestinal tract
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bowel
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intestine
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buccal mucosa
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mucous membrane lining of cheek
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canine teeth
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four, pointed dog-like teeth
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cecal
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pertaining to cecum
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cecum
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first part of large intestine
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celiac
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pertaining to abdomen
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cheilitis
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inflammation of lip
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cholecystectomy
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removal of gallbladder
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choledochojejunostomy
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create new opening between common bile duct and jejunum
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choledochotomy
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incision of common bile duct
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cholelithiasis
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abnormal condition of gallstones
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cirrhosis
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chronic, degenerative disease of liver
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colon
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large intestine
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colonic
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pertaining to colon
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colonic polyposis
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benign growths protrude from mucous membrane lining colon
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colonoscopy
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visual exam of colon
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colorectal cancer
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adenocarinoma of the colon, rectum or both
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colostomy
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new opening of colon through abdominal wall to outside of body
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common bile duct
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tube carrying bile from gallbladder and liver into small intestines
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constipation
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difficulty passing feces
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crohn disease
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inflammatory bowel disease marked by diarrhea, pain, fever, weakness and weigh loss
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defecation
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eliminating waste and undigested food through rectum
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dental caries
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tooth decay
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dentibuccal
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pertaining to cheek and teeth
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dentin
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chief substance of teeth, surrounding pulp and covered by enamel of crown
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diarrhea
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loose stools
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digestion
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process of breaking down food into simpler substance that can be absorbed into bloodstream
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diverticula
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small, pouch-like herniations through muscular wall of tubular organ
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diverticulitis
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inflammation of diverticula
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diverticulosis
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abnormal condition of diverticula without inflammation
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duodenal
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pertaining to duodeium
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duodeum
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first part of small intestine
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dysentery
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painful intestines
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dysphagia
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difficulty in swallowing
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elimination
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discharge from the body of indigestible materials
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enamel
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white, compact and hard substance covering the dentin of a crown or tooth
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endodontist
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dentist specializing in the inner part of tooth
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enterocolitis
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inflammation of small intestine and colon
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enterocolostomy
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new surgical connection between parts of small intestines and colon
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enzyme
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protein that speeds up the rate of biochemical reaction
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erucatation
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gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
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esophageal
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pertaining to esophagus
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esophageal varices
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swollen, twisted veins at the lower end of esophagus
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esophagus
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tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach
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etiology
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study of cause of disease
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facial
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pertaining to face
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feces
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solid waste, stools
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flatus
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gas expelled through the anus
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gallbladder
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small sac lying below the liver, in which bile is stored
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gastric carcinoma
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malignant tumor of stomach
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gastroesophageal reflux disease
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back flow of solids and fluid from stomach to mouth against normal direction of movement
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gastrointestinal tract
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tubular system related to stomach and intestines begining with mouth and ending with anus
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gastrojejunostomy
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new surgical opening between stomach and jejunum
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gingivitis
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inflammation of the gums
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gluconeogenesis
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process of producing new sugar from fats and proteins
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glucose
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simple sugar
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glycogen
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storage form of sugar
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glycogenolysis
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breakdown of glycogen to release sugar
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hematochezia
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passage of bright red blood from rectum
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hemorrhoids
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swollen, twisted varicose veins in rectal region
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hepatoma
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malignant tumor of liver cells
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hepatomegaly
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enlargement of liver
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herpetic stomatitis
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inflammation of mouth caused by herpes virus
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hiatal hernia
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protrusion of upper portion of stomach upward through the diaphram
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hydrochloric acid
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strong, present in a diluted form in stomach, aids digestion
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hypolgossal
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pertaining to under tongue
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icterus
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jaundice, yellow skin and white of eyes
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idiopathic
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pertaining to unknown causes of disease
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iletis
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inflammation of the ileum
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ileocecal sphincter
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ring of muscles that are between the ileum and cecum
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ileostomy
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new surgical formation of artifical opening from ileum to outside of body through abdominal wall
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ileum
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third portion of small intestine
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ileus
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failure of peristalsis with obstruction of intestines
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incisor
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one of the four front teeth on either jaw
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inflammatory bowel disease
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severe inflammation of small and large intestines
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inguinal hernia
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small loop of bowels protrudes through weakened lower abdominal muscle
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insulin
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facilitates transport of sugar from blood into body cells
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intussusception
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one portion of the intestine slips into an adjoining part
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irritable bowl syndrome
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group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension
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jaundice
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symptoms of illness marked by yellow-orange discoloration of skin and whites of eyes
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jenunum
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second part of small intestines
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labial
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pertaining to lip
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laproscopy
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visual exam of abdomen
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lipase
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pancreatic enzyme that digest fats
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lithogenesis
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formation of stone
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liver
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large reddish-brown organ in right upper quadrant of abdomen
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lower esophageal sphincter
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ring of muscles between esophagus and stomach
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mastication
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chewing
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melena
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feces containing blood
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mesentery
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membrane that holds intestine together
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molar teeth
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sixth, seventh, eighth teeth from the middle on either side of dental arch
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nausea
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unpleasant sensation in stomach
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odynophagia
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painful swallowing
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oral
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pertaining to mouth
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oral leukoplasia
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white patches on the mucus membranes of mouth
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orthodontist
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specializing in straightening teeth
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palate
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roof of mouth
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palatoplasty
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surgical repair of palate
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pancreas
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gland under and behind stomach
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of pancreas
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papillae
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small elevations on the surface of tongue containing taste buds
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parenteral
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pertaining to by some route other than through gastronintestinal tract
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parotid gland
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salivary gland within cheek, just anterior to ear
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pepticulcer
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open sore or lesion of mucous membrane of stomach an duodenum
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perianal
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pertaining to surrounding the anus
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periodontal disease
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inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and bone
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peristalsis
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rhythm-like contractions of tubes of gastrointestial tract
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pharyngeal
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pertaining to the throat
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pharynex
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throat
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portalvein
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large vein bringing blood to liver from intestines
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post prandial
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after meals
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premolar teeth
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either side tooth on each side of each jaw just behind canine teeth
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procologist
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study of anus and rectum
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protease
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enzyme that digests protein
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pulp
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soft tissue with a tooth containing nerves and blood vessels
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pyloric sphincter
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ring of muscles that surround the opening of stomach to duodenum
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pylorus
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distal region of stomach near duodenum
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rectocele
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hernia of wall of rectum
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rectum
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final section of colon
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rugae
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folds in the mucous membrane of stomach or hard palate of mouth
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saliva
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enzyme containing digestive juice secreted by salivary glands
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salivary glands
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three pairs of exorine glands secreting saliva into mouth
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sialadenitis
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inflammation of the salivary gland
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sialolith
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salivary gland stone, logged in the duct
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sigmoid colon
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distal, lower end of colon
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sigmoidoscopy
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visual exam of sigmoid colon
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sphincter
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circular ring of muscle that surrounds an opening
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steatorrhea
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discharge of fat in feces due to improper digestion and malabsorption of fat
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stomatitis
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inflammation of mouth
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sublingual
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pertaining to under tongue
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submandibular
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pertaining to under lower jaw
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triglycerides
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chief form of fat in body cells
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ulcerative colitis
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inflammation of colon and rectum with presence of ulcers
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uvula
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small, fleshy mass hanging from back of mouth
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uvulectomy
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removal of uvula
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villi
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finger-like, microscopic projections on the inner surface of small intestine, absorption of foods and fluids
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viral hepatitis
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inflammation of liver caused by a virus
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volvulus
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twisting of intestine upon itself
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deglutiton
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swallowing
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emulsifcation
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breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, digestible particles
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gastrostomy
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new opening of stomach through the abdominal wall to outside of body
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hyperbilirubinemia
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high levels of bilibrum in blood stream, jaundice
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hyperglycemia
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high levels of sugar in blood stream
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periodontist
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specializing in treatment of gums
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pyloroplasty
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surgical repair pylorie sphincter
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