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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
antibody (Ab)
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protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign substance called an antigen
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antigen
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substance, recognized as harmful to the host, that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual
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bile pigment
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substance derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted by the liver
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cytokine
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chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases, or decreases activity in other cells
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immunocompetent
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ability to develop an immune response or recognized antigens and respond to them
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natural killer (NK) cells
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specialized lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell membrane, causing its intercellular fluids to leak out
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aden/o
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gland
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agglutin/o
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clumping, gluing
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bas/o
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base (alkaline, opposite of acid)
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blast/o
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embryonic cell
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chrom/o
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color
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eosin/o
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dawn (rose-colored)
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erythr/o
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red
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granul/o
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granule
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hem/o
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blood
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hemat/o
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blood
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immun/o
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immune, immunity, safe
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kary/o
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nucleus
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nucle/o
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nucleus
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leuk/o
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white
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lymphaden/o
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lymph gland (node)
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lymph/o
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lymph
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lymphangi/o
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lymph vessel
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morph/o
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form, shape, structure
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myel/o
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bone marrow; spinal cord
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neutr/o
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neutral, neither
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phag/o
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swallowing, eating
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plas/o
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formation, growth
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poikil/o
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varied, irregular
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reticul/o
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net, mesh
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ser/o
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serum
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sider/o
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iron
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splen/o
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spleen
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thromb/o
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blood clot
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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xen/o
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foreign, strange
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-blast
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embryonic cell
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-emia
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blood condition
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-globin
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protein
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-graft
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transplantation
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-osis
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abnormal condition; increase ( used primarily with blood cells )
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-penia
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decrease, deficiency
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-phil
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attraction for
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-phoresis
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carrying, transmission
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-phylaxis
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protection
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-poiesis
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formation, production
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-stasis
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standing still
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a-
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without, not
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allo-
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other, differing from the normal
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aniso-
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unequal, dissimilar
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iso-
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same, equal
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macro-
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large
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micro-
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small
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mono-
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one
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poly-
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many, much
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disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
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abnormal activation of the proteins involved in blood coagulation, causing small blood clot to form in vessels and cutting off the supply of oxygen to distal tissues
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graft rejection
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process in which a recipient's immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissue
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graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD)
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complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against recipient's organs that can be severe enough to cause death
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hematoma
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localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue due to break in or severing of a blood vessel
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hemoglobinopathy
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any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule
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lymphadenopathy
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any disease of the lymph nodes
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lymphedema
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swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels
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multiple myeloma
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malignant tumor of plasma cells (cells that help the body fight infection by producing antibodies) in the bone marrow
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sepsis
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presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood poisoning
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systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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widespread autoimmune disease that may affect the skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation; also called discoid lupus if symptoms are limited to the skin
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thrombocythemia
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overproduction of platelets, leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders due to platelet malformations
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thrombocytopenia
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abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels (intravascular), spleen (extravascular), or liver (extravascular)
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von Willebrand disease
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bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor, a "sticky" protein that lines blood vessels and reacts with platelets to form a plug that leads to clot formation
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immunotherapy
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any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates or restores the body's natural immune mechanisms to treat disease
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allergy injections
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injection with increasing strengths of the offending antigen given over a period of months or years to increase tolerance to an antigen responsible for severe allergies
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biological immunotherapy
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use of immune system stimulators to enhance the immune response in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn disease; also called biologic therapy or biotherapy
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bone marrow aspiration
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removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspirating needle (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination
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bane marrow transplant
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infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy l; used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers
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autologous bone marrow transplant
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infusion of the patient's own bone marrow or stem cells after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy
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homologous bone marrow transplant
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infusion of bone marrow or stem cells from a compatible donor after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation; also called allogenic transplant
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lymphadenectomy
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removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue
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Sentinel node excision
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removal of the first node (sentinel node) that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells
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transfusion
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infusion of blood or blood products from one person (donor) to another person (recipient)
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antinuclear antibody (ANA)
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test to identify antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individual's own body cells (auto-antibodies)
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blood culture
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test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream
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complete blood count (CBC)
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series of tests that includes hemoglobin; hematocrit; red and white blood cell counts, platelet count; and differential (diff) count; also called hemogram
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monospot
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nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile antibody, which develops several days after infection by Epstein-Barr virus, the organism that caused infectious mononucleosis
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partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
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test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot to screen for deficiencies of some clotting factors; also called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
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prothrombin time (PT)
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test that measures the time it takes for prothrombin to form a clot; also called pro time
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Schilling test
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test used to diagnose pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs vitamin B12 through the digestive tract
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bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow, especially in multiple myeloma
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lymphangiography
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visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymph system
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lymphoscintigraphy
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introduction of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node
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anticoagulants
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prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting the synthesis or inactivating one or more clotting factors
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antifibrinolytics
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neutralize fibrinolytic chemicals in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and urinary tract to prevent the breakdown of blood clots
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antimicrobials
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destroy bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, depending on the particular drug, generally by interfering with the functions of their cell membrane or their reproductive cycle
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antivirals
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prevent replication of viruses within host cells
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fat-soluble vitamins
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prevent and treat bleeding disorders resulting from a lack of prothrombin, which is commonly caused by a vitamin K deficiency
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thrombolytics
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dissolve blood clots by destroying their fibrin strands
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AB, Ab, ab
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antibody, abortion
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A, B, AB, O
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blood types in ABO blood group
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AIDS
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acquired immune deficiency syndrome
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ALL
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acute lymphocytic leukemia
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AML
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acute myelogenous leukemia
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ANA
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antinuclear antibody
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APC
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antigen-presenting cell
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APTT
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activated partial thromboplastin time
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BMT
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bone marrow transplant
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CBC
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complete blood count
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CLL
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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CML
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chronic myelogenous leukemia
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DIC
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disseminated intravascular coagulation
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diff
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differential count (white blood cells)
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DVT
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deep vein thrombosis; deep venous thrombosis
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EBV
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Epstein-Barr virus
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GVHD
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graft-versus-host-disease
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eos
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eosinophil
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Hb, Hgb
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hemoglobin
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HIV
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human immunodeficiency virus
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Igs
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immunoglobulins
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MNL
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mononuclear leukocytes
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NK cell
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natural killer cell
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PCP
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pneumocystis; pneumonia; primary care physician
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PMN
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ploymorphonuclear
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PMNL, poly
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ploymorphonuclear leukocyte
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PT
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prothrombin time, physical therapy
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PTT
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partial thromboplastin time
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RA
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right atrium; rheumatoid arthritis
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RBC, rbc
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red blood cell
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segs
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segmented neutrophils
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SLE
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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WBC, wbc
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white blood cell
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