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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. Symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cynanosis (also called adult respiratory distress syndrome |
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asthma |
respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks. |
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
a progressive lung disease restricting air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two main components of COPD. Most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking. |
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coccidioidomycosis |
fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (also called valley fever or cocci). |
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cor pulmonale |
serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema. |
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croup |
condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in children. |
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cystic fibrosis (CF) |
hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms. |
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deviated septum |
one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum |
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emphysema |
stretching of lung tissue caused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity and as a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen (component of COPD) |
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epistaxis |
nosebleed (synonymous with rhinorrhagia) |
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idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) |
chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduces the capacity of the lungs; etiology unknown |
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influenza |
highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract |
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obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) |
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure |
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pertussis |
highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough) |
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pleural effusion |
fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma |
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pulmonary edema |
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure |
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pulmonary embolism (PE) |
matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, when it blocks circulation to the lungs and be fatal if of sufficient size or numbers. Blood clots broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremities are the most common source of emboli |
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tuberculosis (TB) |
infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs |
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upper respiratory infection (URI) |
infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (most commonly called a cold) |
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chest computed tomography (CT) scan |
computerized radiographic images of the chest performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion |
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chest radiograph (CXR) |
radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray) |
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ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS) |
nuclear medicine procedure used to diagnose pulmonary embolism. Also called lung scan) |
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acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear |
test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause turberculosis |
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sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S) |
test performed on sputum to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Used to diagnose pulmonary abscess, bronchitis, and pneumonia |
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arterial blood gases (ABGs) |
test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH |
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peak flow meter (PFM) |
portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung; used to help monitor asthma and adjust medicine accordingly |
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pulmonary function tests (PFTs) |
group of tests performed to measure breathing capacity and used to determine external respiratory function; when abnormal, they are useful in distinguishing COPD from asthma |
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pulse oximetry |
nonevasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip |
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auscultation |
the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope; used for assessing and/or diagnosing conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart, and abdomen |
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percussion |
the act of tapping a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained. A dull sound indicates the presence of fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space |
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PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test |
test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis. Also called TB skin test. |
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stethoscope |
instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement |
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airway |
passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as the mechanical device used to deep the air passageway unobstructed |
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asphyxia |
deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation |
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aspirate |
to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract |
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bronchoconstrictor |
agent causing the narrowing of the bronchi |
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bronchodilator |
agent causing the bronchi to widen |
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crackles |
discontinuous sounds heard primarily with a stethoscope during inspiration that resembles the sound of the rustling cellophane. Often heard at the base of the lung posteriorly in heart failure, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis (also called rales) |
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hyperventilation |
ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs |
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hypoventilation |
ventilation of the lungs that does not fulful the body's gas exchange needs |
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mucopurulent |
containing both mucus and pus |
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mucus |
slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes |
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nebulizer |
device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment |
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nosocomial infection |
an infection acquired during hospitalization |
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paroxysm |
periodic, sudden attack |
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patent |
open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi (can be applied to any tubular passageway in the body, as in a patent artery, allowing the passage of blood) |
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rhonchi |
low-pitched with a snoring quality, breath sounds heard with a stethoscope suggesting secretions in the large airways |
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sputum |
mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth |
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stridor |
harsh, high-pitched breath sound heard on inspiration; indicates an acute laryngeal obstruction |
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ventilator |
mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing |
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ABGs |
arterial blood gases |
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AFB |
acid-fast bacilli |
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ARDS |
acute respiratory distress syndrome |
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C&S |
culture and sensitivity |
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CPAP |
continuous positive airway |
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CF |
cystic fibrosis |
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CO2 |
carbon dioxide |
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COPD |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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CT |
computed tomography |
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CXR |
chest radiograph (chest x-ray) |
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flu |
influenza |
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IPF |
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
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LLL |
left lower lobe |
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LTB |
laryngotracheobronchitis |
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LUL |
left upper lobe |
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O2 |
oxygen |
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OSA |
obstructive sleep apnea |
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PE |
pulmonary embolism |
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PFM |
peak flow meter |
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PFTs
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pulmonary function tests |
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PSG |
polysomnography |
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RLL |
right lower lobe |
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RML |
right middle lobe |
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RUL |
right upper lobe |
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SOB |
shortness of breath |
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TB |
tuberculosis |
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URI |
upper respiratory infection |
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VPS |
ventilation-perfusion scanning |
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alveolus (pl. alveoli) |
air sac at the end of the bronchioles |
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bronchus (pl. bronchi) |
tube carrying air between the trachea and lungs |
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larynx |
location of the vocal cords; also called the voice box |
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lungs |
two spongelike organs located in the thoracic cavity; the right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes |
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pharynx |
acts as food and air passageway; also called the throat |
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pleura |
membrane covering the lung |
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adenoids |
lymphoid tissue on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity; also called the pharyngeal tonsils |
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trachea |
passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx; also called the windpipe |
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mediastinum |
space between the lungs |
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nose |
lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air |
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nasal septum |
partition separating the right and left nasal cavities |
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paranasal sinuses |
air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities |
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tonsils |
lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx |
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epiglottis |
flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing |
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bronchioles |
smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree |