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200 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acetabulum
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Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis, which joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint
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acromion
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outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle
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articular cartilage
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thin layer of cartilage surrounding the bone in the joint space
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bone
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dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. Examples are long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella)
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calcium
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one of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones
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cancellous bone
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spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
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cartilaginous tissue
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flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces
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collagen
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dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues
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compact bone
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hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones
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condyle
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knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint
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cranial bones
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skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal
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diaphysis
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shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone
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disk (disc)
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flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae
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epiphyseal plate
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cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton
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epiphysis
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Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate
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facial bones
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bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic
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fissure
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narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones
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fontanelle
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soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant
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foramen
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opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. The foramen magnum is the opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
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fossa
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shallow cavity in a bone
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haversian canals
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minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone
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malleolus
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round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia
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manubrium
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upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle
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mastoid process
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round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear
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medullary cavity
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cental, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone
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metaphysis
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flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (in this term, meta- means between)
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olecranon
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large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow
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osseous tissue
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bone tissue
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ossification
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process of bone formation
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osteoblast
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bone cell that helps form bony tissue
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osteoclast
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bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue
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periosteum
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membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue
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phosphorus
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mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium
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pubic symphysis
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area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. They are joined (sym- means together, -physis means to grow) a fibrocartilaginous disk
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red bone marrow
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found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
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ribs
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twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12
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sella turcica
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depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
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sinus
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hollow air cavity within a bone
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styloid process
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pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull
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suture
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joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium)
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temporomandibular joint
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connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw
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trabeculae
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supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
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trochanter
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large process at the neck of the femur; attachment site for muscles and tendons
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tubercle
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rounded, small process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons
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tuberosity
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rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons
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vertebra
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individual backbone composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, lamina, and neural canal
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xiphoid process
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lower, narrow portion of the sternum
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yellow bone marrow
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fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bone
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calc/o calci/o
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calcium
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hypercalcemia
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hyper-excessive
calc-calcium emia-blood condition |
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decalcification
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de-less or lack of
calc-calcium fication-process of making |
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kyph/o
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humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)
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kyphosis
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kypho-humpback, hunchback
sis-condition |
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lamin/o
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lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
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laminectomy
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lamin-lamina
ectomy-removal |
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lord/o
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curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)
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lordosis
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lordo-curve, swayback
sis-condition The normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated |
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lumb/o
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loins, lower back
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lumbar
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lumb-loins, lower back
ar-pertaining to |
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lumbosacral
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lumbo-loins, lower back
sacr-sacrum al-pertaining to |
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myel/o
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bone marrow
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myelopoiesis
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myelo-bone marrow
poiesis-formation |
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orth/o
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straight
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orthopedics
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ortho-straight
ped-child ics-pertaining to |
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oste/o
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bone
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osteitis
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oste-bone
itis-inflammation |
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osteodystrophy
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osteo-bone
dys-difficult trophy-nourishment; development |
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osteogenesis
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osteo-bone
genesis-producing Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder involving defective development of bones, which are brittle and fragile; fractures occur with the slightest trauma |
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scoli/o
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crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
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scoliosis
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scolio-crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
sis-condition The spinal column is bent abnormally to the side. Scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity in adolescent girls |
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spondyl/o
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vertebra
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spondylosis
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spondylo-vertebra
sis-condition degeneration of the intervertebral disks in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. Signs and symptoms include pain and restriction of movement |
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vertebr/o (used to describe the structure itself)
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vertebral
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vertebral
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vertebr-vertebral
al-pertaining to |
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blast
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embryonic or immature cell
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osteoblast
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osteo-bone
blast-embryonic or immature cell This cell synthesizes collagen and protein to form bone tissue |
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clast
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to break
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osteoclast
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osteo-bone
clast-to break This cell breaks down bone to remove bone tissue |
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listhesis
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slipping
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spondyleolisthesis
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spondyl-vertebra
listhesis-slipping The forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over a lower vertebra |
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malacia
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softening
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osteomalacia
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osteo-bone
malacia-softening a condition in which vitamin D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones; known as rickets in children |
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physis
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to grow
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epiphysis
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epi-above
physis-to grow |
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pubic symphysis
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pub-pubis
ic-pertaining to sym-together; with physis-to grow |
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porosis
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pore, passage
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osteoporosis
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osteo-bone
porosis-pore, passage |
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tome
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instrument to cut
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osteotome
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osteo-bone
tome-instrument to cut This surgical chisel is designed to cut bone |
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acetabul/o
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acetabulum (hip socket)
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acetabular
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acetabul-acetabulum
ar-pertaining to |
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calcane/o
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calcaneus (heel)
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calcaneal
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calcane-calcaneus
al-pertaining to The calcaneus is one of the tarsal (hindfoot) bones |
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clavicul/o
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clavicle (collar bone)
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supraclavicular
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supra-above
clavicul-clavicle ar-pertaining to |
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cost/o
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ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)
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subcostal
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sub-under; below
cost-ribs al-pertaining to |
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chondrocostal
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chondr-cartilage
cost-ribs al-pertaining to Cartilage that is attached to the ribs |
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crani/o
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cranium (skull)
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craniotomy
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crani-cranium
tomy-process of cutting |
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craniotome
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crani-cranium
tome-instrument to cut |
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femor/o
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femur (thigh bone)
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femoral
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femor-femur
al-pertaining to |
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fibul/o
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fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
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fibular
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fibul-fibula
ar-pertaining to |
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humer/o
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humerous (upper arm bone)
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humeral
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humer-humerous
al-pertaining to |
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ili/o
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ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)
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iliac
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ili-ilium
ac-pertaining to |
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ischi/o
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ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone)
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ischial
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ischi-ischium
al-pertaining to |
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malleol/o
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malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
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malleolar
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malleol-malleolus
ar-pertaining to The medial malleolus is at the lower end of the tibia, and the lateral malleolus is at the lower end of the fibula |
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mandibul/o
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mandible (lower jaw bone)
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mandibular
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mandibul-mandible
ar-pertaining to |
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maxill/o
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maxilla (upper jaw bone)
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maxillary
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maxill-maxilla
ary-pertaining to |
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metacarp/o
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metacarpals (hand bones)
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metacarpectomy
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metacarp-metacarpals
ectomy-removal |
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metatars/o
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metatarsals (foot bones)
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metatarsalgia
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metatars-metatarsals
algia-pain |
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olecran/o
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olecranon (elbow)
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olecranal
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olecran-olecranon
al-pertaining to |
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patell/o
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patella (kneecap)
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patellar
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patell-patella
ar-pertaining to |
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pelv/i
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pelvis (hipbone)
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perone/o
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fibula
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peroneal
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perone-fibula
al-pertaining to |
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phalang/o
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phalanges (fingers and/or toe bones
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phalangeal
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phalang-phalanges
eal-pertaining to |
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pub/o
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pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
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pubic
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pub-pubis
ic-pertaining to |
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radi/o
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radius (lower arm bone-thumb side)
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radial
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radi-radius
al-pertaining to |
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scapul/o
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scapula (shoulder blade)
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scapular
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scapul-scapula
ar-pertaining to |
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stern/o
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sternum
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sternal
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stern-sternum
al-pertaining to |
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tars/o
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tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)
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tarsectomy
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tars-tarsals
ectomy-removal |
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tibi/o
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tibia (shin bone)
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tibial
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tibi-tibia
al-pertaining to |
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uln/o (lower arm bone-little finger side)
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ulna
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ulnar
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uln-ulna
ar-pertaining to |
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ankyl/o
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stiff
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anklosis
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anklo-stiff
sis-condition A fusion of bones across a joint space by either bone tissue (bony anklosis) or growth of fibrous tissue (fibrous ankylosis). Immobility and stiffening of the joint result; this most often occurs in rheumatoid arthritis |
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arthr/o
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joint
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arthroplasty
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arthr-joint
plasty-surgical repair Replacement arthroplasty is replacement of one or both bone ends by a prosthesis (artificial part) of metal or plastic |
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arthrotomy
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arthr-joint
tomy-process of cutting |
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hemarthrosis
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hem-blood
arthr-joint sis-condition |
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hydrarthrosis
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hydr-water
arthr-joint sis-condition Synovial fluid collects abnormally in the joint |
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polyarthritis
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poly-many
arthr-joint itis-inflammation |
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articul/o
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joint
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articular cartilage
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articul-joint
ar-pertaining to |
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burs/o
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bursa
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bursitis
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burs-bursa
itis-inflammation |
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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achondroplasia
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a-no; without
chondr-cartilage plasia-development; formation |
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chondroma
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chondr-cartilage
oma-mass |
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chondromalacia
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chondr-cartilage
malacia-softening |
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ligament/o
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ligament
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ligamentous
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ligament-ligament
ous-pertaining to |
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rheumat/o
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watery flow
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rheumatologist
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rheumato-watery flow
log-study ist-specialist various forms of arthritis are marked by collection of fluid in joint spaces |
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synov/o
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synovial membrane
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synovitis
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synov-synovial membrane
itis-inflammation |
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ten/o
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tendon
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tenorrhaphy
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teno-tendon
rrhaphy-suture |
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tenosynovitis
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teno-tendon
synov-synovial membrane itis-inflammation |
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tendin/o
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tendon
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tendinitis
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tendin-tendon
itis-inflammation Also spelled tendonitits |
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desis
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to bind, tie together
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arthrodesis
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arthr-joint
desis-to bind, tie together |
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stenosis
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narrowing
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spinal stenosis
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spin-spine
al-pertaining to stenosis-narrowing narrowing of the neural canal or nerve root canals in the lumbar spine |
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abduction
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movement away from the midline of the body
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adduction
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movement toward the midline of the body
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dorsiflexion
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backward (upward) bending of the foot
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extension
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straightening of a flexed limb
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fascia
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fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles
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flexion
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bending at a joint
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insertion of a muscle
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connection of the muscle to a bone that moves
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origin of a muscle
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connection of the muscle to a stationary bones
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plantar flexion
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bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground
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pronation
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turning the palm backward
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rotation
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circular movement around a central point
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fasci/o
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fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
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fibr/o
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fibrous connective tissue
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leiomy/o
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smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
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my/o
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muscle
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myocardi/o
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heart muscle
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myos/o
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muscle
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plant/o
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sole of the foot
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rhabdomy/o
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skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones
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asthenia
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lack of strength
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trophy
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development, nourishment
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ab
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away from
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ad
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toward
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dorsi
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back
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poly
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many, much
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