Med Term Ch. 6

Front 1

Arthr/o

Back 1

Joint

Front 2

Burs/o

Back 2

Bursa

Front 3

Carp/o

Back 3

Carpus (wrist)

Front 4

Chondr/o

Back 4

Cartilage

Front 5

Clavicul/o

Back 5

Clavicle (collar bone)

Front 6

Coccyg/o

Back 6

Coccyx (tailbone)

Front 7

Cost/o

Back 7

Rib

Front 8

Crani/o

Back 8

Skull

Front 9

Femor/o

Back 9

Femur (thigh bone)

Front 10

Fibul/o

Back 10

Fibula (thinner lower leg bone)

Front 11

Humer/o

Back 11

Humerus (upper arm bone)

Front 12

Ili/o

Back 12

Ilium (part of pelvis)

Front 13

Ischi/o

Back 13

Ischium (part of pelvis)

Front 14

Kyph/o

Back 14

Hump

Front 15

Lord/o

Back 15

Bent backwards

Front 16

Mandibul/o

Back 16

Mandible (lower jaw)

Front 17

Maxill/o

Back 17

Maxilla (upper jaw)

Front 18

Metacarp/o

Back 18

Metacarpus (hand bones)

Front 19

Metatars/o

Back 19

Metatarsus (foot bones)

Front 20

Cutane/o

Back 20

Skin

Front 21

Electr/o

Back 21

Electricity

Front 22

Fibr/o

Back 22

Fibrous

Front 23

Muscul/o

Back 23

Muscle

Front 24

My/o

Back 24

Muscle

Front 25

Myel/o

Back 25

Bone marrow

Front 26

Oste/o

Back 26

Bone

Front 27

Patell/o

Back 27

Patella (kneecap)

Front 28

Phalang/o

Back 28

Phalanges (fingers and toes)

Front 29

Pub/o

Back 29

Pubis (part of pelvis)

Front 30

Radi/o

Back 30

Radius (part of forearm)

Front 31

Sacr/o

Back 31

Sacrum

Front 32

Scapul/o

Back 32

Scapula (shoulder blade)

Front 33

Scoli/o

Back 33

Crooked, bent

Front 34

Spondyl/o

Back 34

Vertebra

Front 35

Stern/o

Back 35

Sternum (breast bone)

Front 36

Tars/o

Back 36

Tarsus (ankle)

Front 37

Ten/o

Back 37

Tendon

Front 38

Tendin/o

Back 38

Tendon

Front 39

Tibi/o

Back 39

Tibia (shin, larger lower leg bone)

Front 40

Uln/o

Back 40

Ulna (part of forearm)

Front 41

Vertebr/o

Back 41

Vertebra

Front 42

Orth/o

Back 42

Straight

Front 43

Path/o

Back 43

Disease

Front 44

-ac

Back 44

Pertaining to

Front 45

-al

Back 45

Pertaining to

Front 46

-algia

Back 46

Pain

Front 47

-ar

Back 47

Pertaining to

Front 48

-ary

Back 48

Pertaining to

Front 49

-asthenia

Back 49

Weakness

Front 50

-centesis

Back 50

Puncture to withdraw fluid

Front 51

-clasia

Back 51

Surgical breaking

Front 52

-cyte

Back 52

Cell

Front 53

-desis

Back 53

Surgical fusion

Front 54

-dynia

Back 54

Pain

Front 55

-eal

Back 55

Pertaining to

Front 56

-ectomy

Back 56

Surgical removal

Front 57

-genic

Back 57

Producing

Front 58

-gram

Back 58

Record

Front 59

-graphy

Back 59

Process of recording

Front 60

-ic

Back 60

Pertaining to

Front 61

-itis

Back 61

Inflammation

Front 62

-kinesia

Back 62

Movement

Front 63

-malacia

Back 63

Abnormal softening

Front 64

-metry

Back 64

Process of measuring

Front 65

-oma

Back 65

Tumor

Front 66

-osis

Back 66

Abnormal condition

Front 67

-otomy

Back 67

Cutting into

Front 68

-ous

Back 68

Pertaining to

Front 69

-pathy

Back 69

Disease

Front 70

-plasty

Back 70

Surgical repair

Front 71

-porosis

Back 71

Porous

Front 72

-rrhaphy

Back 72

Suture

Front 73

-rrhexis

Back 73

Rupture

Front 74

-scope

Back 74

Instrument for viewing

Front 75

-scopy

Back 75

Process of visually examining

Front 76

-tome

Back 76

Instrument to cut

Front 77

-trophy

Back 77

Development

Front 78

A-

Back 78

Without

Front 79

Brady-

Back 79

Slow

Front 80

Dys-

Back 80

Painful, difficult, abnormal

Front 81

Hyper-

Back 81

Excessive

Front 82

Inter-

Back 82

Between

Front 83

Intra-

Back 83

Within

Front 84

Per-

Back 84

Through

Front 85

Sub-

Back 85

Under

Front 86

Supra-

Back 86

Above

Front 87

What are the three types of joints in the body

Back 87

Fibrous joint

Cartilaginous joint

Synovial joint

Front 88

Describe fibrous joints

Back 88

Bones are united by fibrous tissue that allows essentially no movement. Examples are the sutures between the skull bones.

Front 89

Describe cartilaginous joints

Back 89

Bones are connected by cartilage that allows a small amount of shifting. Example is the pubic symphysis.

Front 90

Describe synovial joints

Back 90

bones are encased in an elastic joint capsule that allows the greatest range of motion; most common joint type in the body. Examples are the shoulders and knees.

Front 91

What is a bone graft

Back 91

Surgical procedure that uses a piece of bone to replace lost bone or to fuse two bones together

Front 92

What is a bone graft

Back 92

Surgical procedure that uses a piece of bone to replace lost bone or to fuse two bones together

Front 93

What is a bone scan

Back 93

Nuclear medicine scan using radioactive dye to visualize bones; especially useful for finding stress fractures and bone cancer

Front 94

What is carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Back 94

Repetitive motion disorder caused by pressure on tendons and nerves as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist

Front 95

What is a closed fracture

Back 95

Broken bone with no open skin wound; also called simple fracture

Front 96

What is a comminuted fracture

Back 96

Bone break where bone shatters into many small fragments

Front 97

What is a comminuted fracture

Back 97

Bone break where bone shatters into many small fragments

Front 98

What is a compound fracture

Back 98

Broken bone with open skin wound; also called open fracture

Front 99

What is a compression fracture

Back 99

Bone break causing loss of height of vertebral body; may result from trauma, but in older persons, especially women, may occur in a bone weakened by osteoporosis

Front 100

What is a contracture

Back 100

Abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or connective tissue making it difficult to stretch muscle

Front 101

What is creatine kinase (CK)

Back 101

Muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies

Front 102

What are deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

Back 102

Involuntary muscle contraction in response to striking muscle tendon with reflex hammer; test used to determine whether muscles respond properly

Front 103

What is dislocation

Back 103

Occurs when bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bones are no longer in contact with each other

Front 104

What is dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA)

Back 104

Test using low-dose x-ray beams to measure bone density; used to diagnose osteoporosis

Front 105

What is fibromyalgia

Back 105

Chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in muscles and fibrous soft tissue

Front 106

What is a fixation

Back 106

Procedure to stabilize fractured bone while it heals; external fixation includes casts, splints, and pins inserted through skin; internal fixation includes pins, plates, rods, screws, and wires that are put into place during a surgical procedure called open reduction

Front 107

What is a fracture (FX, Fx)

Back 107

Broken bone

Front 108

What is a greenstick fracture

Back 108

Fracture with incomplete break; one side of the bone breaks and other side only bends; commonly seen in children because their bones are still pliable

Front 109

What is a greenstick fracture

Back 109

Fracture with incomplete break; one side of the bone breaks and other side only bends; commonly seen in children because their bones are still pliable

Front 110

What is a herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

Back 110

Protrusion of intervertebral disk between two vertebrae, which puts pressure on spinal nerves; also called herniated disk or ruptured disk; may require surgery

Front 111

What is a greenstick fracture

Back 111

Fracture with incomplete break; one side of the bone breaks and other side only bends; commonly seen in children because their bones are still pliable

Front 112

What is a herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

Back 112

Protrusion of intervertebral disk between two vertebrae, which puts pressure on spinal nerves; also called herniated disk or ruptured disk; may require surgery

Front 113

What is an impacted fracture

Back 113

Fracture in which one bone fragment is pushed into another

Front 114

What is kyphosis

Back 114

Abnormal increase in normal outward curvature of thoracic spine; also called hunchback or humpback

Front 115

What is lordosis

Back 115

Abnormal increase in normal forward curvature if lumbar spine; also called swayback

Front 116

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 116

Diagnostic imaging technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce an image; especially useful for viewing soft tissues, such as spinal cord and intervertebral disks.

Front 117

WHat is muscle atrophy

Back 117

Loss of muscle bulk due to muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use; also called muscle wasting

Front 118

What is muscular dystrophy (MD

Back 118

One of a group of inherited diseases involving progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy

Front 119

What are nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Back 119

Large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis

Front 120

What is a oblique fracture

Back 120

Bone break where fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone

Front 121

What is orthosis

Back 121

Externally applied brace or splint to prevent or correct deformities; orthotist is person skilled in making and adjusting orthoses

Front 122

What is osteoarthritis (OA

Back 122

Arthritis caused by loss of cartilage cushion covering bones in joint; most common in bearing weight joints; results in bone rubbing against bone

Front 123

What is osteoporosis

Back 123

Condition that develops due to a decrease in bone mass; results in a thinning and weakening of the bone; may lead to pathologic fractures; most commonly seen in older women

Front 124

WHat is osteogenic sarcoma

Back 124

Most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of bones; most frequently occurs in persons 10–25 years old

Front 125

What is a pathologic fracture

Back 125

Broken bone caused by diseased or weakened bone, not trauma

Front 126

What is percutaneous diskectomy

Back 126

Thin catheter tube is inserted into intervertebral disk through skin to suck out pieces of herniated or ruptured disk; or laser is used to vaporize disk

Front 127

What is a prosthesis

Back 127

Any artificial device used as substitute for body part that is either missing from birth or lost as the result of an accident ordisease; example: artificial leg; prosthetist is person trained in making prostheses

Front 128

What is radiography

Back 128

Diagnostic imaging procedure using X-rays to see internal structure of body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints

Front 129

What is reduction

Back 129

Correcting fracture or dislocation by realigning bone; closed reduction moves bones externally; open reduction manipulates bones through a surgical incision; open reduction usually performed before internal fixation of bone fragments

Front 130

What is repetitive motion disorder

Back 130

Group of chronic disorders with tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage caused by prolonged periods of pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements

Front 131

What is rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Back 131

Arthritis with swelling, stiffness, pain, and degeneration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation; may result in crippling deformities; an autoimmune disease

Front 132

What is scoliosis

Back 132

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine

Front 133

WHat is a spasm

Back 133

Sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction

Front 134

What is spina bifida

Back 134

Birth defect when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord; ranges from mild to severe; if spinal cord is damaged, paralysis results

Front 135

What is a spiral fracture

Back 135

Bone break in which fracture line spirals around shaft of the bone; caused by twisting injury; often slower to heal than other types of fractures

Front 136

WHat is a sprain

Back 136

Ligament injury from overstretching, but without joint dislocation or bone fracture

Front 137

What is a strain

Back 137

Damage to the muscle or tendons from overuse or overstretching

Front 138

What is a stress fracture

Back 138

A slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces, like running, rather than single forceful impact

Front 139

WHat is total hip arthroplasty (THA)

Back 139

Surgical reconstruction of hip with artificial hip joint; also called total hip replacement (THR).

Front 140

WHat is a total knee arthroplasty (TKA)

Back 140

Surgical reconstruction of knee joint with artificial knee joint; also called total knee replacement (TKR)

Front 141

What is a transverse fracture

Back 141

Bone break with fracture line straight across shaft of bone

Front 142

"AE"

Back 142

above elbow

Front 143

"AK"

Back 143

Above knee

Front 144

"BDT"

Back 144

bone density test

Front 145

"BE"

Back 145

below elbow

Front 146

"BK"

Back 146

below knee

Front 147

"BMD"

Back 147

bone mineral density

Front 148

"CTS"

Back 148

carpal tunnel sydrome

Front 149

"DTR"

Back 149

Deep tendon reflex

Front 150

"EMG"

Back 150

electromyogram

Front 151

"IM"

Back 151

intramuscular

Front 152

"MD"

Back 152

muscular dystrophy

Front 153

"Ca"

Back 153

calcium

Front 154

"DJD"

Back 154

degenerative joint disease

Front 155

"DXA"

Back 155

dual-energy absorptiometry

Front 156

"HNP"

Back 156

herniated nucleus pulposus

Front 157

"JRA"

Back 157

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Front 158

"LE"

Back 158

lower extremity

Front 159

"LLE"

Back 159

Left lower extremity

Front 160

"LUE"

Back 160

left upper extremity

Front 161

"OA"

Back 161

osteoarthritis

Front 162

"ORIF"

Back 162

open reduction-internal fixation

Front 163

"RA"

Back 163

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 164

"RLE"

Back 164

right lower extremity

Front 165

"RUE"

Back 165

right upper extremity

Front 166

"THA"

Back 166

total hip arthroplasty

Front 167

"THR"

Back 167

total hip replacement

Front 168

"TKA"

Back 168

total knee arthroplasty

Front 169

"TKR"

Back 169

total knee replacement

Front 170

"UE"

Back 170

upper extremity