Med Term 2 Vocab Ch 13

Front 1

albumin

Back 1

protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood.

Front 2

anisocytosis

Back 2

abnormality of red blood cells; unequal and increase in the number of cells

Front 3

antibody (AB)

Back 3

protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens

Front 4

anticoagulant

Back 4

inhibit blood clotting, so clots do not form

Front 5

antigen

Back 5

substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

Front 6

basophil

Back 6

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin

Front 7

bilirubin

Back 7

orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die

Front 8

coagulation

Back 8

blood clotting

Front 9

coagulopathy

Back 9

bleeding disorder

Front 10

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Back 10

protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells

Front 11

cytology

Back 11

the study of cells, their origin, structure, function, and pathology

Front 12

differentiation

Back 12

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

Front 13

electrophoresis

Back 13

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

Front 14

eosinophil

Back 14

white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reaction

Front 15

eosinophilia

Back 15

An abnormal increase in the number of a specific type of white blood cell

Front 16

erythrocyte

Back 16

red blood cell

Front 17

erythropoiesis

Back 17

formation of red blood cells

Front 18

erythroblast

Back 18

an immature form of a red blood cell. It is normally found only in bone marrow and contains hemoglobin.

Front 19

erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 19

hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation

Front 20

fibrin

Back 20

protein threads that form the basic of a blood clot

Front 21

fibrinogen

Back 21

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

Front 22

globulin

Back 22

plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

Front 23

granulocyte

Back 23

white blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules; eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

Front 24

granulocytopenia

Back 24

abnormally low number of granular white blood cells in the blood.

Front 25

hematopoiesis

Back 25

the formation and development of blood cells

Front 26

hemoglobin

Back 26

blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

Front 27

hemoglobinopathy

Back 27

A disorder caused by or associated with the presence of abnormal hemoglobins in the blood.

Front 28

hemolysis

Back 28

destruction or breakdown of blood ( red blood cells)

Front 29

heparin

Back 29

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

Front 30

hypochromic

Back 30

decreased concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells

Front 31

immune reaction

Back 31

response of the immune system to foreign invasion

Front 32

immunoglobulin

Back 32

protein with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD

Front 33

leukapheresis

Back 33

The removal of a quantity of white blood cells from the blood of a donor with the remaining portions of the blood retransfused into the donor.

Front 34

leukocyte

Back 34

white blood cells

Front 35

leukopenia

Back 35

An abnormally low number of white blood cells in the circulating blood.

Front 36

lymphocyte

Back 36

mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

Front 37

macrocytosis

Back 37

erythrocytes that are larger than normal

Front 38

macrophage

Back 38

monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue space. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris

Front 39

megakaryocyte

Back 39

large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

Front 40

microcytosis

Back 40

erythrocytes that are smaller then normal

Front 41

monoblast

Back 41

immature cell that develops into a monocyte.

Front 42

monocyte

Back 42

leukocyte with one large nucleus. it is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues

Front 43

mononuclear

Back 43

pertaining to a cell with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes

Front 44

morphology

Back 44

the study of form

Front 45

myeloblast

Back 45

An immature cell in the granulocytic series, occurring normally in bone marrow but not in the blood.

Front 46

myelodysplasia

Back 46

Abnormal development of the spinal cord.

Front 47

myeloid

Back 47

derived from, or resembling bone marrow or the spinal cord

Front 48

myelopoiesis

Back 48

The formation of bone marrow or of blood cells derived from bone marrow.

Front 49

neutropenia

Back 49

The presence of abnormally small numbers of neutrophils in the blood

Front 50

neutrophil

Back 50

granulocytic leukocyte found in bone marrow. it is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte

Front 51

neutrophilia

Back 51

An increase of neutrophilic white blood cells in blood or tissues.

Front 52

pancytopenia

Back 52

marked reduction in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Front 53

phagocyte

Back 53

A cell, such as a white blood cell, that engulfs and absorbs waste material, harmful microorganisms, or other foreign bodies in the bloodstream and tissues.

Front 54

plasma

Back 54

liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins

Front 55

plasmapheresis

Back 55

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma

Front 56

platelet

Back 56

small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

Front 57

platelepheresis

Back 57

platelets are removed for the donor's blood and the remainder of the blood is reinfused into the donor.

Front 58

poikilocytosis

Back 58

irregularity in the shape of red blood cells

Front 59

polymorphonuclear

Back 59

Having nuclei of varied forms; denoting a variety of leukocyte.

Front 60

prothrombin

Back 60

plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Front 61

reticulocyte

Back 61

immature erythrocyte. A network of strands is seen after staining the cell with special dyes

Front 62

Rh Factor

Back 62

antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (RH+) individuals. The factor was first identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey.

Front 63

serum

Back 63

plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors

Front 64

sideropenia

Back 64

An abnormally low level of iron in the blood serum.

Front 65

Spherocytosis

Back 65

in this condition, the erythrocyte has a round shape, making the cell fragile and easily able to be distorted

Front 66

stem cell

Back 66

unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells

Front 67

thrombin

Back 67

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

Front 68

thrombocyte

Back 68

platelet

Front 69

thrombocytopenia

Back 69

Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal drop in the number of blood cells involved in forming blood clots. These cells are called platelets.

Front 70

thrombolytic therapy

Back 70

Thrombolytic therapy is the use of drugs that dissolve blood clots

Front 71

thrombosis

Back 71

Formation or presence of a thrombus.