Med-Surg Nursing - 16

Front 1

acidosis

Back 1

process that adds acid or eliminates base from body fluids

Front 2

active transport

Back 2

process in which molecules move across a membrane against a concentration gradient

Front 3

alkalosis

Back 3

process that adds base or eliminates acid from body fluids

Front 4

anions

Back 4

negatively charged ions

Front 5

buffers

Back 5

substances that act chemically to change strong acids into weaker acids or to bind acids to neutralize their effect

Front 6

cations

Back 6

positively charged ions

Front 7

diffusion

Back 7

the movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration

Front 8

electrolytes

Back 8

substances whose molecules dissociate or split into ions when placed in water

Front 9

facilitated diffusion

Back 9

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration at an accelerated rate with the assistance of a specific carrier molecule

Front 10

fluid spacing

Back 10

the distribution of water in the body

Front 11

homeostasis

Back 11

the state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body, naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival

Front 12

hydrostatic pressure

Back 12

the force within a fluid compartment

Front 13

hypertonic

Back 13

solutions that increase the degree of osmotic pressure on a semipermeable membrane

Front 14

hypotonic

Back 14

solutions that have a lower concentration of solute than another solution, thus exerting less osmotic pressure on a semipermeable membrane

Front 15

ions

Back 15

electrically charged particles

Front 16

isotonic

Back 16

fluids having the same concentration of solute particles as another solution, thus exerting the same osmotic pressure on a semipermeable membrane

Front 17

oncotic pressure

Back 17

osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in solution

Front 18

osmolality

Back 18

the measure of the osmotic force of solute per unit of weight of solvent (mOsm/kg or mmol/kg)

Front 19

osmolarity

Back 19

the measure of the total milliosmoles of solute per unit of total volume of solution (mOsm/L)

Front 20

osmosis

Back 20

the movement of water between two compartments separated by a membrane permeable to water but not to a solute

Front 21

osmotic pressure

Back 21

amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water

Front 22

pH

Back 22

negative logarithm of the H+ concentration

Front 23

tetany

Back 23

increased nerve excitability and sustained muscle contraction that results from low calcium levels that allow sodium to move into excitable cells, increasing depolarization; low calcium levels affect the membrane potential

Front 24

valence

Back 24

the electrical charge of an ion