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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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the end stage of chronic HIV infection
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acute retroviral syndrome
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flu-like syndrome of fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, headache, malaise, nausea, muscle and joint pain, diarrhea, and/or a diffuse rash that generally occurs one to three weeks after the initial HIV infection
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AIDS-dementia complex
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dementia caused by HIV infection of the brain or HIV-related central nervous system problems caused by lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes virus, Cryptococcus, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), dehydration, or medication side effects
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branched-chain DNA (bDNA) test
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a technique used to measure viral load in HIV infection
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CD4+ T cells (T helper cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes)
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T helper lymphocytes or CD4+ lymphocytes
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clades
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families of HIV-1, of which at least nine have been identified
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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causative agent of HIV infection
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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)
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a common type of neoplasm seen in HIV-infected patients that is thought to be caused by the human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) and can affect many organ systems, but lesions are most frequently seen on the skin and oral mucosa
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nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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drugs that combine with reverse transcriptase enzyme to block the process needed to convert HIV RNA into HIV DNA
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nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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drugs that insert a bit of protein (a nucleoside) into the developing HIV DNA chain, blocking further development of the chain and leaving the production of the new strand of HIV DNA incomplete
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nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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drugs that inhibit the action of reverse transcriptase
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occupational exposure
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the contraction of an infection (e.g., HIV) through a job-related situation
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opportunistic diseases
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infections and cancers that occur in immunosuppressed patients that can lead to disability, disease, and death
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oral hairy leukoplakia
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an Epstein-Barr virus infection that causes painless, white, raised lesions on the lateral aspect of the tongue
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Pneumocystis carinii
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fungus commonly causing opportunistic pneumonia in those with HIV infection
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postexposure prophylaxis
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treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy upon exposure to HIV-infected fluids
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protease inhibitors
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drugs that prevent the protease enzyme from cutting HIV proteins into the proper lengths needed to allow viable virions to assemble and bud out from the cell membrane
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protease
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a type of enzyme necessary for completion of HIV replication within a cell
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retrovirus
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RNA viruses that replicate in a "backward" manner (going from RNA to DNA)
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reverse transcriptase
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enzyme that is present in retroviruses; allows for synthesis of DNA from RNA
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seroconversion
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development of antibodies following infection
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syncytium
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a multinucleated nonviable mass that destroys all affected cells
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viral load
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quantity of viral particles in a biologic sample
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viremia
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large amounts of virus in the blood, resulting from initial infection with a virus
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window period
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time period of two months after infection during which an infected individual will not test HIV-antibody positive
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