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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Differentiate between the Types of Immunity and Give an Example of each: Passive Artificial, Passive Natural, Active Artificial , and Active Natural (P.990)
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- Passive – Not Produced by Individual but Obtained from Another Source
Passive Artificial – Injection of Preformed Antibodies Passive Natural – Placental Trasmission or Breast Milk (Mother to Baby) - Active – Individual Produces His/Her Own Antibodies Active Artificial – From Vaccine that Stimulates Production of Antibodies Active Natural – Person Has Disease Gets Memory Cells for that Pathogen |
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List the Organs and Cells Involved in the Immune System? (P.987)
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- Lymphoid Organs
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Type(s) of WBC will Most Likely be Increased in Patients with Allergic Conditions? (P.994)
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- Eosinophils, Basophils
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The Term Used to Describe the Point when Antibodies to HIV are High Enough to Produce Positive ELISA Results? (P.1015)
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- ELISA Test is Performed Twice (For Accuracy)
- Western Blot Test is Performed to Test for Four Major HIV Antigens - If Both Tests are Positive, Patient is HIV-Antibody Positive - Seroconversion |
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Pathophysiology, Signs and Symptoms and Management of Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction. What is the Best Way to Minimize the Chance of Such Reaction? (P.1001-1002)
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- Lower Back or Chest Pain, Hypotension, Fever, Chills, Tachycardia
- Direct Coomb’s Test; Agglutination Test with Pt.s RBC and Antihuman Globulin - Prevent Antibodies from Forming |
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Common Triggers for Allergic Rhinitis? (P.998-)
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- Allergens such as Dust, Pet Dander, Dust Mites
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Indications for Adults to Receive Passive Immunity? (P.990)
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- Injection of Preformed Antibodies
- May Help Prevent Disease After Exposure to Pathogen Such as Hepatitis - Immuno-Compromised Elderly |
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Most Effective Method to Control HIV Infection? (P.1015)
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- Antiretroviral Drugs that Inhibit Reproduction of Virus
- Prevent Viruses from Attaching to CD4+ Receptors of T4 Lymphocyte - Prophylactic Treatment for Opportunistic Infections Such As: - Hepatitis, Herpes, Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia |
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Immune Cell Monitored to Determine the Progression of AIDS? (P.1015)
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- CD4/CD8 T-Lymphocyte Count
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Differentiate Between Angioedema and Urticaria? (P.1001)
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Urticaria (Hives):
- Type I Hypersensitive Reaction - Effects the Skin Angioedema: - Form of Urticaria; Deeper More Widespread - Effects Submucosal & Subcutaneous Tissue |
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Priority Nursing Intervention of Patient Experiencing Angioedema? (P.999)
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- Eliminate Offending Environmental Stimuli
- Antihistamines and Nasal Decongestants for Symptomatic Relief - Corticosteroids via Inhalation or Nasal Spray Maybe Administered |
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Medical Management to Decrease Risk of Transplant Rejection? (P.1003)
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- Immunosuppression Therapy – Major Risk for Severe Infection
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Most Common Type of Tissue Transplant?
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- Corneal Transplant
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Tender Lymph Nodes are Most Likely to Indicate what Condition? (P.993)
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- Bacterial or Viral Infection (Inflammation)
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Manifestations of an Allergic Reaction to Wasp Sting? (P.993)
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- Anaphylactic Shock
- Epinephrine Pen May be Vital Because Medical Treatment May Not be Near |
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Which Immunoglobulin Cannot be Replaced Exogenously? (P.1007)
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- Ig-A which Increases Risk of Pulmonary Infections
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What Type of Anemia Condition will Result if the Stomach is Surgically Removed? What is the Treatment for this Condition? (P.1004)
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- Pernicious Anemia; Lack of B12 Absorption
- Intramuscular Injections of Vitamin B12 |
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Name of Test which Actually Tests for the HIV Virus Itself? (P.1015)
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- ELISA
- Viral Load Testing – Test for HIV RNA in Plasma |
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Etiology and S/S of Lipodystrophy in HIV Patients? (P.1014)
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- Decreased Appetite, Oral Lesions, Altered Metabolism
- Malabsorption, GI Infections, Diarrhea |
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Define Autoimmune Disease? (P.1004)
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- Immune System Mistakenly Reacts to Part of the Body Itself
- Caused by Viral Infections, Drugs, and Cross-Reactive Antibodies - Hormones have also Been Foundto Influence this Breakdown |
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Drug of Choice for Treating PCP? (P.1014)
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- Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Septra) is Given Prophylactically
- Caused by a Fungus |
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Describe Proper Condom Use to Decrease HIV Transmission? (P.1013)
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- New for Each Intercourse Act (Eeeewwww, What Else??)
- Latex or Polyurethane Only - Nondamaged, Unexpired - Use Only Water Soluable Lubricants - Replace if Broken - Withdraw by Holding Against Base of Erect Penis |
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Patho, Signs and Symptoms as Disease Progresses? (P.1014)
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- SOB, Fever, Wt. Loss, Fatigue, Night Sweats, Persistent Diarrhea
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Unexplained Weight Loss of 10 % of Body Weight Associated with Chronic Diarrhea in HIV Patients? (P.1014)
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- AIDS Wasting Syndrome
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Signs and Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia? (P.1004)
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- Increasing Weakness, Loss of Appetite, Glossitis, and Pallor
- Peripheral Neuropathy |
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Confirmation Lab Test for HIV? (P.995)
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- Western Blot; Done After Two Positive ELISA
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Drug of Choice for Patient Having a Severe Allergic Reaction?
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- Epinephrine
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Nursing Actions Appropriate for Patient with Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia? (From Linda)
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- Frequent Rest Periods
- Immunosupression Meds; Blood Products as Ordered |
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Number One Opportunistic Neoplasm Seen in AIDS Patients? (P.1015)
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- Kaposi Sarcoma
- Painless, Small Purple-Blue Lesions on Skin - Treatment Includes Bleomycin, Cryotherapy, or Radiation |
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Medical Treatment for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis? (P.1005)
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- Lifelong Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy
- Thyroxine is Primary Means of Treatment |
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Common Routes of Transmission of HIV Virus? (P.1012)
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- Sexual – Anal, Vaginal, Oral Contact with Mucous Membrane
- Parenteral – Injection by Contaminated Needles - Perinatal – Mother to Fetus During Pregnancy |
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Nursing Interventions for a Client with Severe Ankylosing Spondylitis? (P.1006)
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- Inflammation of Sacroiliac, Costoverterbal, & Large Peripheral Joints
- Proper Posture and ROM Exercises Taught - Not to Stay In One Position For Extended Length of Time |
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Common Etiology of Serum Sickness? (From Linda)
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- Sulfonamide or Penicillin Administration
- Severe Uticaria, Andioedema, Fever, Malaise, Muscle Soreness |
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Side Effects of Corticosteroids? (From Linda)
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- Adrenal Atrophy, Cushing’s Syndrome, Osteoporosis
- Increased Risk of Infections, Delayed Wound Healing, Peptic Ulcers |
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Foods/Beverages that Should be Avoided to Reduce Risk of Infection in HIV Patients? (P.1022)
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- Low-Residue Diet, No Dairy Products, Spicy Foods, Caffeine, or Alcohol
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Purpose of Immunotherapy Following Allergy Skin Testing? (P.999)
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- Allergy Shots of Patients with Severe or Debilitating Symptoms
- Involves Weekly Subcutaneous Injections of Tiny Amounts of Offending Antigen - Amount of Antigen is Increased Until Patient No Longer Exhibits Symptoms |
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Complication of Allergic Rhinitis? (P.999)
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- Typically Minor and Self Limiting
- Infection of Sinuses(Sinusitis), Nasal Polyps, Asthma, or Chronic Bronchitis |
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Teaching Tips to Avoid Triggers for Clients with Airborne Allergies? (P.999)
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- Education, Avoid Allergens
- Mask when Mowing Lawn - Heating Ducts Cleaned with New Filters - Frequent Home Vaccuming and Dusting |
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Describe Standard Precautions? (P.1013, 84)
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- Use Precautions for All Patients to Protect Self and Others
- Assume All Patients are Infected Regardless of Diagnosis - Use Gloves, Masks, Goggles, Face Shield, and Hand Washing - HIV Positive Workers with Open Lesions Should Avoid Direct Patient Care |
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Most Common Opportunistic Infection Associated with HIV Disease? (P.1014)
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Candida Albicas
– Normal Fungus Found in GI Tract - Causes Mouth or Esophogeal Pain, and Dysphagia Cytomegalovirus - Causes Vision Impairment Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia - Caused by Fungus Produces Shortness of Breath, Fever, and Non-Productive Cough - Treated with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Septra) |
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Signs/Symptoms of Anaphylaxis and Emergency Treatment? (P.1000)
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Signs/Symptoms:
- Generalized Smooth Muscle Spasms - Causes Bronchial Narrowing, Stridor, Wheezing, and Laryngeal Edema - Too Many Read the Book Treatment: - IV Access with Epinephrine and Vasopressor (Dopamine); Increase BP - Oxygen Therapy, Tracheostomy, Endotracheal Intubation |
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Measures to Reduce Risk of Latex Allergies? (P.1003)
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- Using Latex Free Equipment
- Oral or Topical Antihistamines - Topical Corticosteroids |
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Describe what can Occur (S/S) with Type 1 Latex Allergy and Type 4 Latex Allergy? (P.1003)
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- Type I (Anaphylactic Reaction): Sneezing, Nasal Itching, Rhinorrhea
- Type IV (Delayed Reaction): Reddened, Pruritic, and Fragile Vesicles |