Med Surg Ch 18

Front 1

Methods of CA treatment

Back 1

-surgery

-radiation therapy

-chemotherapy

Front 2

Myelosuppression

Back 2

Depression of bone marrow function

Front 3

Types of stem cell treatment

Back 3

-autologous

-allogeneic

-syngenic

Front 4

Leukopenia

Back 4

Decreased white blood cell count

Front 5

Stomatitis

Back 5

Inflammation of the mouth

Front 6

Xerostomia

Back 6

Dry mouth

Front 7

Metastasis

Back 7

Spreading of cancer

Front 8

Cancer

Back 8

And normal unrelated cell proliferation

Front 9

Cancer

Back 9

And normal unrelated cell proliferation

Front 10

Oncology nursing

Back 10

Nursing specialty related to care of clients with cancer

Front 11

Cancer

Back 11

And normal unrelated cell proliferation

Front 12

Oncology nursing

Back 12

Nursing specialty related to care of clients with cancer

Front 13

Neoplasms

Back 13

Tumors

Front 14

Cancer

Back 14

And normal unrelated cell proliferation

Front 15

Oncology nursing

Back 15

Nursing specialty related to care of clients with cancer

Front 16

Neoplasms

Back 16

Tumors

Front 17

Carcinoma

Back 17

Cancers originating from epithelial cells

Front 18

Cancer

Back 18

And normal unrelated cell proliferation

Front 19

Oncology nursing

Back 19

Nursing specialty related to care of clients with cancer

Front 20

Neoplasms

Back 20

Tumors

Front 21

Carcinoma

Back 21

Cancers originating from epithelial cells

Front 22

Lymphomas

Back 22

Cancers originating from organs that Fight infection

Front 23

Cancer

Back 23

And normal unrelated cell proliferation

Front 24

Oncology nursing

Back 24

Nursing specialty related to care of clients with cancer

Front 25

Neoplasms

Back 25

Tumors

Front 26

Carcinoma

Back 26

Cancers originating from epithelial cells

Front 27

Lymphomas

Back 27

Cancers originating from organs that Fight infection

Front 28

Leukemia

Back 28

Cancers originating from organs that form blood

Front 29

Cancer

Back 29

And normal unrelated cell proliferation

Front 30

Oncology nursing

Back 30

Nursing specialty related to care of clients with cancer

Front 31

Neoplasms

Back 31

Tumors

Front 32

Carcinoma

Back 32

Cancers originating from epithelial cells

Front 33

Lymphomas

Back 33

Cancers originating from organs that Fight infection

Front 34

Leukemia

Back 34

Cancers originating from organs that form blood

Front 35

Sarcoma

Back 35

Cancers originating from connective tissue

Front 36

Cancer

Back 36

And normal unrelated cell proliferation

Front 37

Oncology nursing

Back 37

Nursing specialty related to care of clients with cancer

Front 38

Neoplasms

Back 38

Tumors

Front 39

Carcinoma

Back 39

Cancers originating from epithelial cells

Front 40

Lymphomas

Back 40

Cancers originating from organs that Fight infection

Front 41

Leukemia

Back 41

Cancers originating from organs that form blood

Front 42

Sarcoma

Back 42

Cancers originating from connective tissue

Front 43

Benign

Back 43

Noninvasive or spreading

Front 44

Malignant

Back 44

Invasive

Front 45

Malignant

Back 45

Invasive

Front 46

Tumor specific antigens

Back 46

Proteins located in the cell membrane

Front 47

Malignant

Back 47

Invasive

Front 48

Tumor specific antigens

Back 48

Proteins located in the cell membrane

Front 49

..

Back 49

Tumors grow and spread through projections that invade surrounding tissues

Front 50

..

Back 50

Cancers produce enzymes that break down proteins and promote infiltration, invasion, and penetration of surrounding tissues

Front 51

..

Back 51

Cancers produce enzymes that break down proteins and promote infiltration, invasion, and penetration of surrounding tissues

Front 52

..

Back 52

Seating of cancer cells occurs when tumors shed cells in body cavities

Front 53

..

Back 53

Cancers produce enzymes that break down proteins and promote infiltration, invasion, and penetration of surrounding tissues

Front 54

..

Back 54

Seating of cancer cells occurs when tumors shed cells in body cavities

Front 55

.

Back 55

Meta-stasis is the development of a secondary tumor from the primary tumor at a distant location.

Front 56

..

Back 56

Cancers produce enzymes that break down proteins and promote infiltration, invasion, and penetration of surrounding tissues

Front 57

..

Back 57

Seating of cancer cells occurs when tumors shed cells in body cavities

Front 58

.

Back 58

Meta-stasis is the development of a secondary tumor from the primary tumor at a distant location.

Front 59

.

Back 59

Meta-stasis is one of cancers most discouraging characteristics because even one malignant cell can give rise to a metastatic lesion in a distant part of the body

Front 60

..

Back 60

Cancers produce enzymes that break down proteins and promote infiltration, invasion, and penetration of surrounding tissues

Front 61

..

Back 61

Seating of cancer cells occurs when tumors shed cells in body cavities

Front 62

.

Back 62

Meta-stasis is the development of a secondary tumor from the primary tumor at a distant location.

Front 63

.

Back 63

Meta-stasis is one of cancers most discouraging characteristics because even one malignant cell can give rise to a metastatic lesion in a distant part of the body

Front 64

Carcinogenesis

Back 64

The process of malignant transformation

Front 65

Carcinogens

Back 65

Factors that contribute to the development of cancer

Front 66

Carcinogens

Back 66

Factors that contribute to the development of cancer

Front 67

Oncogenes

Back 67

These are mutated forms of specific normal genes known as proto-oncogenes that control cell growth and replication

Front 68

Tumor suppressor genes

Back 68

These are normal genes that slow cell growth, repair DNA mistakes, and promote normal cell death

Front 69

Tumor suppressor genes

Back 69

These are normal genes that slow cell growth, repair DNA mistakes, and promote normal cell death

Front 70

Factors that contribute to carcinogenesis

Back 70

Chemical agents, environmental factors, dietary substances, viruses, lifestyle factors, and medically prescribed intervention

Front 71

Tumor suppressor genes

Back 71

These are normal genes that slow cell growth, repair DNA mistakes, and promote normal cell death

Front 72

Factors that contribute to carcinogenesis

Back 72

Chemical agents, environmental factors, dietary substances, viruses, lifestyle factors, and medically prescribed intervention

Front 73

Chemical agents

Back 73

Account for 75% of all cancers

Front 74

Tumor suppressor genes

Back 74

These are normal genes that slow cell growth, repair DNA mistakes, and promote normal cell death

Front 75

Factors that contribute to carcinogenesis

Back 75

Chemical agents, environmental factors, dietary substances, viruses, lifestyle factors, and medically prescribed intervention

Front 76

Chemical agents

Back 76

Account for 75% of all cancers

Front 77

Environmental factors

Back 77

Prolonged exposure to sunlight, radiation, and pollutants

Front 78

Diet

Back 78

Important variable

What a person fails to consume is as important as what he or she does consume

Front 79

ways to fight cancer

Back 79

Immune T cells, unique tumor specific antigens, tumor associated antigens, macrophages, interferon

Front 80

Insidious

Back 80

Slow-growing

Front 81

Insidious

Back 81

Slow-growing

Front 82

Caution

Back 82

Change in bowel habits,

A sore that does not heal,

Unusual leaning,

Thickening or lump in the

Indigestion

Obvious change in the size color shape or thickness of a mole,

Nagging cough

Front 83

Insidious

Back 83

Slow-growing

Front 84

Caution

Back 84

Change in bowel habits,

A sore that does not heal,

Unusual leaning,

Thickening or lump in the

Indigestion

Obvious change in the size color shape or thickness of a mole,

Nagging cough

Front 85

X-ray imaging

Back 85

Quick and painless tests that produce images of body structures

Front 86

Computed tomographic CT

Back 86

Uses computer-controlled x-rays provides three-dimensional cross-sectional views of tissues to determine tumor density shape size volume

Front 87

Insidious

Back 87

Slow-growing

Front 88

Caution

Back 88

Change in bowel habits,

A sore that does not heal,

Unusual leaning,

Thickening or lump in the

Indigestion

Obvious change in the size color shape or thickness of a mole,

Nagging cough

Front 89

X-ray imaging

Back 89

Quick and painless tests that produce images of body structures

Front 90

Computed tomographic CT

Back 90

Uses computer-controlled x-rays provides three-dimensional cross-sectional views of tissues to determine tumor density shape size volume

Front 91

MRI

Back 91

Produces detailed sectional images uses radio waves

Front 92

Insidious

Back 92

Slow-growing

Front 93

Caution

Back 93

Change in bowel habits,

A sore that does not heal,

Unusual leaning,

Thickening or lump in the

Indigestion

Obvious change in the size color shape or thickness of a mole,

Nagging cough

Front 94

X-ray imaging

Back 94

Quick and painless tests that produce images of body structures

Front 95

Computed tomographic CT

Back 95

Uses computer-controlled x-rays provides three-dimensional cross-sectional views of tissues to determine tumor density shape size volume

Front 96

MRI

Back 96

Produces detailed sectional images uses radio waves

Front 97

Nuclear imaging

Back 97

clients ingest or receive IV radioisotopes known as tracers

Front 98

Ultrasound

Back 98

Uses high-frequency sound waves to detect abnormalities of a body organ or structure

Front 99

Frozen section

Back 99

When a tumor or node is removed it is taken to the pathologist for immediate examination

Front 100

Stage zero

Back 100

There is no sign of meta-stasis

Front 101

Stage zero

Back 101

There is no sign of meta-stasis

Front 102

Stage one, two, and three

Back 102

Higher numbers indicate that the tumor is of greater size and the spread of the cancer is nearby lymph nodes

Front 103

Stage zero

Back 103

There is no sign of meta-stasis

Front 104

Stage one, two, and three

Back 104

Higher numbers indicate that the tumor is of greater size and the spread of the cancer is nearby lymph nodes

Front 105

Stage four

Back 105

Cancer has invaded or metastasized to other organs of the body

Front 106

Stage zero

Back 106

There is no sign of meta-stasis

Front 107

Stage one, two, and three

Back 107

Higher numbers indicate that the tumor is of greater size and the spread of the cancer is nearby lymph nodes

Front 108

Stage four

Back 108

Cancer has invaded or metastasized to other organs of the body

Front 109

Debulking

Back 109

Entire tumor cannot be removed

Front 110

Stage zero

Back 110

There is no sign of meta-stasis

Front 111

Stage one, two, and three

Back 111

Higher numbers indicate that the tumor is of greater size and the spread of the cancer is nearby lymph nodes

Front 112

Stage four

Back 112

Cancer has invaded or metastasized to other organs of the body

Front 113

Debulking

Back 113

Entire tumor cannot be removed

Front 114

Local excision

Back 114

The tumor is removed along with a small margin of healthy tissue

Front 115

Stage zero

Back 115

There is no sign of meta-stasis

Front 116

Stage one, two, and three

Back 116

Higher numbers indicate that the tumor is of greater size and the spread of the cancer is nearby lymph nodes

Front 117

Stage four

Back 117

Cancer has invaded or metastasized to other organs of the body

Front 118

Debulking

Back 118

Entire tumor cannot be removed

Front 119

Local excision

Back 119

The tumor is removed along with a small margin of healthy tissue

Front 120

Radical excision

Back 120

Removes the primary tumor, lymph nodes, and any involve adjacent structures, and surrounding tissues that pose a risk for a metastasis

Front 121

Radiation therapy

Back 121

Uses high-energy ionizing radiation

Front 122

Brachytherapy

Back 122

The direct application of high doses of radiation therapy to a small site

Front 123

Thrombocytopenia

Back 123

Decreased platelet count

Front 124

Antineoplastic

Back 124

Work by interfering with cellular function in reproduction

Front 125

Antineoplastic

Back 125

Work by interfering with cellular function in reproduction

Front 126

Extravastation

Back 126

IV administration is monitored closely to prevent the drug from leaking into surrounding tissues

Front 127

Vesicants

Back 127

Cause tissue necrosis of underlying tendons, nerves and blood vessels

Front 128

Vesicants

Back 128

Cause tissue necrosis of underlying tendons, nerves and blood vessels

Front 129

Neutropenia

Back 129

Decreased neutrophils

Front 130

Vesicants

Back 130

Cause tissue necrosis of underlying tendons, nerves and blood vessels

Front 131

Neutropenia

Back 131

Decreased neutrophils

Front 132

Dietary modifications on chemotherapy

Back 132

Cool bland foods avoid hot or very cold liquids food with fat and fiber spicy foods and caffeine

Front 133

Stem cell transplantation

Back 133

Replaced the older method of obtaining bone marrow from donors

Front 134

Stem cell transplantation

Back 134

Replaced the older method of obtaining bone marrow from donors

Front 135

Autologous stem cell

Back 135

Come from client himself

Front 136

Stem cell transplantation

Back 136

Replaced the older method of obtaining bone marrow from donors

Front 137

Autologous stem cell

Back 137

Come from client himself

Front 138

Allogeneic

Back 138

Come from donors who's tissue type matches the clients

Front 139

Stem cell transplantation

Back 139

Replaced the older method of obtaining bone marrow from donors

Front 140

Autologous stem cell

Back 140

Come from client himself

Front 141

Allogeneic

Back 141

Come from donors who's tissue type matches the clients

Front 142

Syngenic

Back 142

Come from identical twins

Front 143

Stem cell transplantation

Back 143

Replaced the older method of obtaining bone marrow from donors

Front 144

Autologous stem cell

Back 144

Come from client himself

Front 145

Allogeneic

Back 145

Come from donors who's tissue type matches the clients

Front 146

Syngenic

Back 146

Come from identical twins

Front 147

Biologic response modifiers

Back 147

Alter the interaction between immune defenses and cancer cells

Front 148

Hyperthermia

Back 148

Uses temperatures greater than 106.7°F. To destroy tumor cells

Front 149

Photo dynamic therapy

Back 149

Uses a photo active drug that when administered intravenously is stored in higher concentrations in malignant tissues

Front 150

Photo dynamic therapy

Back 150

Uses a photo active drug that when administered intravenously is stored in higher concentrations in malignant tissues

Front 151

Gene therapy

Back 151

Involves replacing alter genes with correct genes, inhibiting defective genes, and introducing substances that destroyed genes or cancer cells