Mechanical

Front 1

MASS

Back 1

( MASS = FORCE ÷ ACCELERATION )
measure of total quantity of matter in an object. (the more mass something has the more difficult it is to change its motion)

Front 2

FORCE

Back 2

is a push or pull in a single direction

* types of forces are gravity/weight, friction, tension, hydraulic pressure, torque

Front 3

Force

Back 3

force = mass × acceleration
(F = M × A)
{ f = newtons , m = kilograms, a = meters per square unit }
* this law express the relationship between the mass of a moved object or desired acceleration, with the force required to achieve movement.

Front 4

Friction

Back 4

the rubbing of two objects.
2 types of friction (kinetic & static)
total friction = weight × friction coefficient. an object at rest must experience a large enough applied force to overcome static friction

Front 5

Drag

Back 5

air resistance or air friction. drag opposes movement through air and water. cross sectional area & speed affect drag.

Front 6

Tension

Back 6

internal stretch force of a material. tension is measured in N or lbs.
tension is greatest where the force is being applied

Front 7

Hydraulic Pressure

Back 7

transmission of force through fluid.
( pressure = force ÷ area )
pressure is measured in psi
(hydraulic force = pressure × area )
* pressure in any part of an enclosed fluid is the same and points in all directions.
* applying force to one end of a hydraulic system will increase the pressure everywhere.
* changing the area over which the force acts can change the strength of the force.

Front 8

Torque

Back 8

how much a force is able to cause an object to rotate.
(torque = length of level arm × applied force)
torque is measured in newton-meters or ft lb (foot pound)
(Torque force = length of level arm ÷ torque )

Front 9

mechanical Energy

Back 9

kinetic & potential energy

Front 10

Kinetic Energy

Back 10

Energy of movement. the function of both mass & velocity.
(KE = 0.5 × mass × velocity/speed^2)
mass measured in kilos,
velocity measured meters per second kinetic energy is measured in joules

Front 11

Potential Energy

Back 11

energy with the potential to be converted into kinetic energy.
( PE = mass × gravity × height )
mass=kilo
gravity = meters per square
height = meters
PE = measured in joules

Front 12

principal of conservation of mechanical energy

Back 12

total mechanical Energy = (PE+KE)
PE is equal to KE & KE is equal to PE. so if you can solve one you can solve the other

Front 13

WORK

Back 13

( work = force × distance)
( work = Kinetic Energy )
work is when force is applied to a object
work measured in joules
force measured in newton's
distance measured in meters

Front 14

POWER

Back 14

( power = work ÷ time )
power is the rate at which work is done. power measured in watts or horsepower. (1 horsepower) =(746 watts)

Front 15

Simple Machines

Back 15

the work output can never exceed the work input.

Front 16

NOTES

Back 16

1. in a gear train, torque & speed are inversely proportional
2. lifting a box to the top of a ramp & pushing a box up a ramp is the same amount of work.
3. some liquids are bad lubricants

Front 17

mechanical advantage

Back 17

the amount of force is multiple by a machine
MA = load/ efforts
MA = effort distance/ load distance
whenever force is increased, the distance necessary will decrease.

Front 18

( 1st class LEVERS )
simple machines

Back 18

Front 19

2nd class LEVER

Back 19

Front 20

3rd class lever

Back 20

Front 21

LAWS & FORMULAS

Back 21

Front 22

laws and formulas 2

Back 22

Front 23

Water Pressure

Back 23

* total flow through a pipe is the same everywhere.
* when liquid speeds up, pressure falls
* when liquid slows down, pressure rises