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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The loss of ice in the arctic is having a dramatic effect on Arctic, North Pacific and North AtlanticEcosystems, what species will likely suffer reduced populations because of this change? |
Polar bears and seals |
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As oceanic CO2 concentrations increase, what happens to oceanic pH? |
decreases |
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Eutrophication and cloudy waters in the Pacific Ocean off Japan has increased populations of what? |
Jellyfish |
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What ecosystem on earth has the highest net primary productivity? |
Coral Reef |
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Living cells consume energy that results in ________ order in their cells in opposition to thesecond law of thermodynamics? |
increased |
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SeaWIFS is a satellite that can detect chlorophyll in ocean surface waters, where are the highest valueschlorophyll concentrations found in the ocean? |
high northern latitudes |
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What is the difference between marine primary production and terrestrial primary production? |
The average size of primary producers in the ocean are small compared to land primary producers |
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Humans have disturbed the carbon cycle on earth, what active reservoir of carbon on the surfaceof the earth is most affected by the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere? |
Dissolved bicarbonate inorganic reservoir in the ocean |
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Diversity in the ocean is important for healthy ecosystems, what is true about diversity? |
Diversity decrease with Ocean Acidification |
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Where is most of the oxygen in our atmosphere produced? |
Oceanic autotrophic plankton |
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Besides light, what is the limiting factor to Primary Production in the Southern Oceans? |
Iron |
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Which of the following organisms is not an example of convergent evolution? |
Squid (Mollusca) |
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What type of the animals do Sperm Whales feed on in the deep ocean? |
giant squid |
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Why do fish school? |
predator avoidance |
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What replaces kelp beds along the shores of tropical oceans? |
mangrove trees |
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Why are Red tides and HABs (Harmful Algae Bloom) dangerous to marine and human communities? |
nutrient loving dinoflagellates have toxins to prevent and limit fish predation |
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Where is the largest unexploited hydrocarbon reservoir on Earth today? |
Arctic Ocean Shelves |
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Measuring primary production in ocean waters uses light and dark bottle comparison, what does thelight bottle measure? |
gross primary production |
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Why have sharks developed specialized pectoral and tail (heterocercal) fins? |
Gives the fish extra lift while swimming, they have no swim bladder |
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What type of tail do the fastest groups of fish have? |
lunate |
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What is “bycatch” in commercial fishing? |
Animals killed while collecting the target species |
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What is the function of the barreleye Fish (Macropinna) translucent head that lives in thedisphotic zone? |
Detect bioluminescent prey |
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How do tuna regulate their body temperatures? |
Swim continuously fast to elevate body temp |
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Why does the flying fish “fly” out of the water, especially around large fast moving ships. |
Avoiding predators by going airborne |
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Why do whales migrate such long distances |
Predator avoidance for new-born calves |
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One of the largest sharks in the ocean is the whale shark, what does this species eat? |
plankton |
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What is the deepest diving whale in the oceans today? |
Sperm whale |
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What is echolocation that is used by marine mammals underwater? |
Sharp clicks and sounds that bounce off of prey species |
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What group of marine mammals do the Killer Whales belong to? |
Odontoceti (Cetacea) |
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How do whales and dolphins vocalize underwater? |
Blowhole, trachea, and nasal passages |
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Of the four groups of sea birds, which group is being affected by the loss of sea ice in the southernhemisphere? |
penguins |
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What are the most successful of the marine reptiles? |
Sea turtles |
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What is potentially the most valuable resource in the marine environment is: |
sand and gravel |
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Why have sea lions and several species of seal populations declined in the North Pacific over the past 40years? |
whale population decline causes killer whales to hunt smaller prey |
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What is the dominate food source in sandy beach communities? |
Broken bits of marcro algae (Kelp) |
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What limits coral growth on different parts of healthy reefs? |
light |
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Where is the largest number and greatest diversity of coral species found? |
Western Tropical Pacific |
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What was the difference between the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and previous oil spills? |
A significant amount of oil was released mid-water column that dispersed in the opposite directionfrom the surface slick |
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The Exon Valdez oil spill was made worse by subsequent cleanup efforts in Prince William Sound? |
True |
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Which fishery is the largest in the world in terms of live catch harvested? |
Northwest Pacific |
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What nation is the largest harvester of fish, crustaceans and mollusks? |
China |
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What group of fish has to drink large amounts of water yet produces only a small amount of urine? |
Cods, hake, haddock |
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Global warming is causing sea levels to rise and ice to melt in the Arctic Ocean at an increasingrate, what will be the largest impact of this on ocean resources? |
New ship transportation routes through the northwest passage in the CanadianArctic |
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What new source of pollution has increased the size of the “garbage patches” in the PacificOcean? |
tsunami debris from Japan |
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What one of the following is potentially the most serious consequences of global warming toshelled organism and coral reefs? |
Ocean Acidification and dissolution of CO2 into the ocean surface waters |
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Melting of which ice cap will produce the largest sea level increase? |
East Antarctic Ice Sheet |
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Where is the global warming most acute during the present time? |
High Latitude Northern Hemisphere |
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Where is there a new source of methane and CO2 that is a direct result of global warming? |
methane clathrates in high Northern latitude tundra areas and on continental shelves |
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Scientist suggest that we need to keep the CO2 increase in the atmosphere below 2X normal levels,what will change irreversibly if CO2 atm goes over 2X normal levels? |
ocean circulation will stop the global conveyor shallow/deep water turnover circulation |
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How long have Humans affected global climate? |
6000-8000 years (development of agriculture and domestication of animals) |