Md1 Embryology Block 3 Pharangeal Arches Part D Palate

Front 1

Microglossia – usually associated with = 2ct

aka =

Back 1

micrognathia and limb defects

Hanhart syndrome

Front 2

micrognathia =

Back 2

underdeveloped mandible and recession of the chin

Front 3

Stomodeum an invagination of the surface =

Back 3

ectoderm of the embryo

Front 4

stomodeum is a depression between =

Back 4

the brain and the pericardium in an embryo, and is the precursor of the
=

Hint 4

mouth
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Front 5

The five facial primordia that appear as prominences around the stomodeum are:

Back 5

The single frontonasal prominence(FNP)

The paired maxillary prominences

The paired mandibular prominences

Front 6

Development of Face
facial primordia appear early in the __ week around the primordium stomodeum.

Back 6

4th wk

Front 7

what is the source for almost all connective tissues in the face =

Back 7

Neural crest

Front 8

Facial development occurs mainly between the ___ & ___

Back 8

4-8 wks

Front 9

__ & __ are the first parts of the face to form

Back 9

The lower jaw
lower lip

Front 10

Mesenchyme in the margins of the placodes proliferates, producing horseshoe shaped elevations - the

Back 10

medial and lateral
nasal prominences.

+

Hint 10

Nasal placodes bilateral oval thickenings of the surface ectoderm
They developed on the inferolateral parts of the FNP.
Mesenchyme of the placodes proliferate and produce medial and lateral nasal prominences

Front 11

By the end of the __ week, each maxillary prominence begins to merge with the lateral nasal prominence along the line of the nasolacrimal groove

Back 11

6th wk

Front 12

By the end of the __week, the primordia of the auricles of the ears begins to develop

Back 12

5th wk

Front 13

Six auricular hillocks (mesenchymal swellings) form around the first pharyngeal groove which form the

Back 13

external ear.

Front 14

external ear comes from 6

Back 14

auricular hillocks

which are from =

Hint 14

mesenchymal swellings

Front 15

As the medial nasal prominences merge, they form the =

Back 15

intermaxillary segment.

which weeks __-__?

Hint 15

7th - 10th

Front 16

Between the weeks, the medial nasal prominences merge with each other and with the _____ & ______ prominences and form an intermaxillary segment.

Back 16

7th, 10th

maxillary and lateral nasal

Front 17

intermaxillary segment gives rise to:
4ct

Back 17

The middle part or philtrum of the upper lip
Nasal septum
The premaxillary part of the maxilla and its associated gingiva (gum)
The primary palate

Front 18

name the structers contributing to the face.

Back 18

.

Front 19

The palate is essentially the roof of the mouth.
2 parts:

Back 19

Hard and soft palate

Front 20

soft palate
muscular tissue that is covered by epithelial tissue

Back 20

.

Front 21

Uvula functions to keep food from straying down the breathing passage during swallowing.

info

Back 21

The front portion of the palate is made up of bone ______ & _______
covered with a mucous membrane.

Front 22

one of every 2500 babies. This condition, called cleft palate
.Its cause is still unresolved. A combination of inherited traits and some environmental factors in the mother's womb are suspected of causing the abnormality.

Back 22

.critical period of palate development is from the end of the

Hint 22

6th wk - 9th wk

Front 23

Primary palate – also known as

Back 23

medial palatine process

Front 24

medial palatine process - begins to develop from the deep part of the

Back 24

intermaxillary segment
of the
maxilla

Front 25

The primary palate forms the

Back 25

premaxillary part of the maxilla

Front 26

The secondary palate is the primordium of the

Back 26

hard and soft parts of the palate

Front 27

Secondary Palate
Develops from two mesenchymal projections called the

Back 27

lateral palatine processes
or
palatal shelves

Front 28

.Nasal septum

Back 28

.Downgrowth of medial nasal prominence
(Fusion with lateral palatine processes starts anteriorly, then moves back)

Hint 28

Front 29

Hard palate:
2 areas

Back 29

premaxillary and maxillary

Primary palate: premaxilla
Lateral palatine processes: maxilla

Front 30

Soft palate and Uvula

Back 30

Unossified portion of lateral palatine processes

Front 31

The median palatine raphe indicates the line of =

Back 31

fusion of the lateral palatine processes

pic

Hint 31

Front 32

The ____ ____ ____indicates the line of fusion of the lateral palatine processes

Back 32

median palatine raphe

Front 33

Cleft lip and cleft palate are related embryologically but are distinct entities.

Back 33

Cleft lip: 1 in

Cleft palate: 1 in

Hint 33

750

2500

Front 34

There are two major groups of cleft lip and palate

Back 34

Clefts
upper lip and anterior part of the maxilla, with or without involvement of parts of remaining hard and soft regions .

Clefts involving the hard and soft regions of the palate

Front 35

unilaterally or bilaterally

which cleft lip anomoly is the
most common congenital
malformation of the
head and neck

Back 35

unilateral

pic

Hint 35

Front 36

Cleft Lip
Mechanism

Back 36

Hypoplasia in maxillary prominence leading to inadequate contact with medial nasal prominance & intermaxillary segment


Due to =

Hint 36

Inadequate migration of neural crest cells
Apoptosis

Front 37

►Unilateral cleft lip is the most common congenital malformation of the head and neck

Back 37

Front 38

Cleft Palate
Mechanism

Back 38

Failure of lateral palatine
processes to fuse with each
other, with the nasal septum,
and/or with the posterior
margin of the median
palatine process.

Front 39

Higher incidence of cleft palate in males/females?

Back 39

females

Front 40

Cleft palate has
multifactorial causes. It
is classified as

Back 40

anterior
posterior
anteroposterior

Front 41

The anatomic
landmark that
separates anterior from
posterior cleft palate
defects is the

Back 41

incisive
foramen.

Front 42

Anterior cleft palate occurs when the

Back 42

palatine shelves

fail to fuse with the primary =

Hint 42

palate.

Front 43

Posterior cleft palate occurs when the palatine

Back 43

shelves

fail to fuse with

Hint 43

each other and with the nasal septum.

Front 44

Anteroposterior cleft palate occurs when there is a

Back 44

combination of both defects.

Front 45

Anterior cleft palate occurs when the palatine shelves fail
to fuse with the

Back 45

primary palate

Front 46

Posterior cleft palate occurs when the palatine shelves
fail to fuse with

Back 46

each other and with the nasal septum

Front 47

Back 47

Front 48

karyotype of female w Trisomy 13 aka =

Back 48

Patau Syn

Front 49

Fetal hydantoin syndrome
AKA: =

is a group of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to the teratogenic effects of phenytoin or carbamazepine, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy.

Back 49

fetal dilantin syndrome

Front 50

Fetal hydantoin syndrome (AKA: fetal dilantin syndrome:

caused to the developing fetus by exposure to the teratogenic effects of =

Back 50

phenytoin
carbamazepine

Hint 50

treatment of epilepsy.

Front 51

Fetal hydantoin syndrome

Association with EPHX1 has been suggested.
Epoxide hydrolase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EPHX1 gene

Back 51

.

Front 52

Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Discriminating Features:

Back 52

Short Palpreble fissures
Flat midface
short nose
Indistinct philtrum
Thin Upper Lip

Front 53

Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Associated Features:

Back 53

Epicanthal folds
low nasal bridge
minor ear anomolies
micrognathia

micrognathia means what =

Hint 53

small chin