Md1 Embryology Block 3 Pharangeal Arches Dz Processes

Front 1

First Arch Syndrome

Due to abnormal development of the components of 1st P.A
2ct

Back 1

Treacher Collins Syndrome

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Front 2

Treacher Collins syndrome

Back 2

*Mandibulofacial dysostosis, caused by an =

*malar hypoplasia (underdevelopment of the

also:
Downslanting palpebral fissures
Defects of the lower eyelids
Deformed external ears
abnormalities of the middle and internal ears

Hint 2

an autosomal dominant gene.

zygomatic bones of the face

Front 3

Mandibulofacial dysostosis, caused by an autosomal dominant gene.
There is malar hypoplasia (underdevelopment of the zygomatic bones of the face)

Back 3

Treacher Collins syndrome

Front 4

▪Malar hypoplasia (underdevelopment of the =

in Treacher Collins

Back 4

zygomatic bones of the face
Defects of the lower eyelids

***▪Deformed external ears

Front 5

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Back 5

Hypoplasia of mandible
Cleft palate
Defects of eye and ear
obstruction of full closure of the palatine process

Front 6

Hypoplasia of mandible
Cleft palate
Defects of eye and ear
obstruction of full closure of the palatine process

Back 6

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Front 7

The initiating defect is a micrognathia which results in posterior displacement of tongue and obstruction of full closure of the palatine process resulting in =

what Syndrome =

Back 7

bilateral cleft palate.

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Front 8

Congenital Abnormalities from 1st Arch Syndrome are:
2ct

Back 8

-Treacher

-Pierre-Robin

Front 9

pharyngeal apparatus aka

Back 9

Branchial apparatus

consists of:

These embryonic structures contribute to the formation of the =

Hint 9

arches
pouches
grooves
membranes


head and neck.

Front 10

DiGeorge Syndrome
2ct

Back 10

Congenital thymic Aplasia
absence of Parathyroid glands

Front 11

Dz Associated with:

Cardiac abnormalities--defects in arch of aorta
Congenital hypoparathyroidism
Thyroid hypoplasia

Back 11

DiGeorge Syndrome

Front 12

Dz S/S

Anomalies of mouth (Fish mouth deformity)
Hypocalcemia
Increased susceptibility to infections
Low set ears, nasal clefts

Back 12

DiGeorge Syndrome

Front 13

DiGeorge Syndrome S/S =

Back 13

Anomalies of mouth (Fish mouth deformity)
Hypocalcemia
Increased susceptibility to infections
Low set ears, nasal clefts

Front 14

This syndrome occurs when 3rd and 4th P.P fail to differentiate into the thymus and parathyroid glands

Back 14

DiGeorge Syndrome

Front 15

DiGeorge Syndrome
Genetic defect in chromosome =

Back 15

22

Front 16

Genetic defect in chromosome 22
is =

Back 16

DiGeorge Syndrome

Front 17

This syndrome occurs when 3rd and 4th P.P fail to differentiate into the = __________ & __________

Back 17

thymus
parathyroid glands

+

Hint 17

The facial abnormalities result mainly from abnormal development of 1st arch components.

Front 18

Congenital hypothyroidism
primary cause =

Back 18

derangement in development of the thyroid gland.

Front 19

Congenital hypothyroidism aka =

Back 19

cretinism

Front 20

Congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) occurs when a thyroid deficiency exists during the early fetal period owing to a severe lack of =

Back 20

-dietary iodine

-thyroid agenesis

-mutations involving the biosynthesis of thyroid hormone.

Front 21

Congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)
This condition causes =
2ct

Back 21

impaired skeletal growth
mental retardation.

Front 22

Congenital hypothyroidism is characterized by

Back 22

Coarse facial feature
Dry
Dry, rough skin
Wide-set
Wide-set eyes,
Periorbital puffiness
flat, broad nose, and
large protuberant tongue.

Front 23

Coarse facial feature
Dry
Dry, rough skin
Wide-set
Wide-set eyes,
Periorbital puffiness
flat, broad nose, and
large protuberant tongue.

Back 23

Congenital hypothyroidism

Front 24

A thyroglossal duct cyst occurs when parts of the thyroglossal duct persist and thereby form a cyst.

most commonly located in the -

Back 24

midline near the hyoid bone


but may also be located at the base of the =

Hint 24

tongue;

it is then called a lingual cyst.

Front 25

it is very important to differentiate between an
ectopic thyroid
and
accessory thyroid
to prevent =

Back 25

to prevent inadvertent surgical removal

Front 26

Sublingual thyroid gland results from incomplete descent of thyroid

If present it is the =

Back 26

the only thyroid tissue present

Front 27

________ thyroid tissue is the most common of ectopic thyroid tissue =

Back 27

Lingual

Lingual thyroid tissue

Front 28

Ectopic parathyroid gland:

The parathyroid and thymus migrate in a

Back 28

caudal and medial direction

+

Hint 28

; therefore, ectopic glandular tissue (parathyroid and thymus) may be found anywhere along the migratory path

Front 29

Congenital Anomalies of Tongue
= 5ct

H+

Back 29

Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie)
Bifid or Cleft Tongue
Congenital Lingual Cysts and Fistulas
Macroglossia
Microglossia

Hint 29

A
B
CLC/F
Ma
Mi

Front 30

Fistulas & Cysts in the tongue may be derived from remnants of the

Congenital Lingual Cysts and Fistulas: NOT ON TEST

Back 30

thyroglossal duct.

Front 31

frenulum is short and extends to the tip of the tongue

Back 31

Ankyloglossia

Front 32

Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie)

Back 32

frenulum is short and extends to the tip of the tongue . This interferes with its free protrusion and may make breast-feeding difficult.

Front 33

Bifid or Cleft Tongue:

Back 33

Incomplete fusion of the lateral lingual swellings
This is a very uncommon anomaly.

Front 34

Microglossia – usually associated with micrognathia (underdeveloped mandible and recession of the chin) and limb defects =

Back 34

Hanhart syndrome

Front 35

suffix meaning a "condition of the jaw":

Back 35

gnathia

(egnathia)

+

Hint 35

brachygnathia,
campylognathia,
retrognathia.

Front 36

gnathia
suffix meaning a

Back 36

"condition of the jaw":
(egnathia)

Campylo means =

Hint 36

twisted

brachygnathia,
campylognathia,
retrognathia.