Mccurdy World History Second Semester All Terms Start 13-14

Front 1

Nationalism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Militarism

Back 1

Causes of World War I

Front 2

A desire to expand and be more powerful than other nations.

Back 2

Nationalism

Front 3

A desire by a national group to have its own state or country.

Back 3

Nationalism

Front 4

Establishing authority over areas of the world outside a country's natural boundaries.

Back 4

Imperialism

Front 5

Establishing colonies throughout the world.

Back 5

Imperialism

Front 6

Resulted in conflicts over colonial possessions.

Back 6

Imperialism

Front 7

The glorification of armed strength.

Back 7

Militarism

Front 8

Militarism resulted in an _______.

Back 8

arms race

Front 9

Militarism and imperialism were components of ____________.

Back 9

Nationalism

Front 10

The European balance of power was disrupted by the unifications of _________________

Back 10

Germany and Italy

Front 11

European nations sought a new balance of power through __________.

Back 11

alliances

Front 12

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. (Name of Alliance)

Back 12

Triple Alliance

Front 13

Kaiser William II let Germany's friendship treaty lapse with ___________.

Back 13

Russia

Front 14

Great Britain, France and Russia (name of alliance)

Back 14

Triple Entente

Front 15

Pulled all of Europe into the war.

Back 15

Alliance system

Front 16

German ruler during WWI

Back 16

Kaiser William II (Kaiser Wilhelm II)

Front 17

Kaiser William II sought to compete with Britain by building a _____________.

Back 17

large navy

Front 18

Wanted Alsace and Lorraine back from Germany.

Back 18

France

Front 19

Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey feared they would lose territory in the ____

Back 19

Balkans

Front 20

Held that all Slavic people shared a common nationality.

Back 20

Pan-Slavism

Front 21

Unrest in this region made it a "powder keg" prior to World War I.

Back 21

Balkans

Front 22

Austria-Hungary and Russia struggled over the _____________. (area)

Back 22

Balkans

Front 23

Province of Austria-Hungary with a large Serbian population

Back 23

Bosnia

Front 24

Nationalists from this country believed Bosnia should belong to their country.

Back 24

Serbia

Front 25

Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.

Back 25

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Front 26

Was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.

Back 26

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Front 27

Germany promised Austria-Hungary total support.

Back 27

"Blank Check"

Front 28

Russians and Serbians were both _________.

Back 28

Slavic

Front 29

Russians hoped to gain access to IT through the Balkans.

Back 29

Mediterranean Sea

Front 30

Austria-Hungary issued Serbia an __________.

Back 30

Ultimatum

Front 31

Austria-Hungary's ultimatum would have limited ____________.

Back 31

Serbia's independence

Front 32

In the first move of the war Austria Hungary declared war on ___________.

Back 32

Serbia

Front 33

Nation that supported Serbia

Back 33

Russia

Front 34

To get an army in position for war. (term)

Back 34

Mobilize

Front 35

Russia decided to mobilize early because it lacked ____________.

Back 35

railroads

Front 36

In German eyes Russia's mobilization amounted to a ____________.

Back 36

declaration of war

Front 37

Declared war on Russia.

Back 37

Germany

Front 38

When France promised to support Russia __________.

Back 38

Germany declared war on France

Front 39

Germany hoped to avoid fighting a _________.

Back 39

two front war

Front 40

German plan to defeat France before Russia could mobilize.

Back 40

Schlieffen Plan

Front 41

The Schlieffen Plan was intended to keep Germany from fighting a __________.

Back 41

two front war

Front 42

Germany requested passage to France through ______________.

Back 42

neutral Belgium

Front 43

When they refused Germany passage, Germany invaded __________.

Back 43

Belgium

Front 44

Germany invaded France through ___________.

Back 44

neutral Belgium

Front 45

It declared war on Germany because Germany had violated Belgium neutrality.

Back 45

Great Britain

Front 46

World War I began in ______. (year)

Back 46

1914

Front 47

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turks and their allies. (what they were called)

Back 47

Central Powers

Front 48

France, Britain, Russia and their allies. (what they were called)

Back 48

Allies

Front 49

Allied victory that saved Paris. (early in the war)

Back 49

Battle of the Marne

Front 50

Allied victory that destroyed the Schlieffen Plan

Back 50

Battle of the Marne

Front 51

Made the defense stronger than the offense. (in warfare)

Back 51

Trench Warfare

Front 52

Made the fighting even more brutal. (in warfare)

Back 52

Trench Warfare

Front 53

As a result of trench warfare the war became a ____________.

Back 53

stalemate

Front 54

In a struggle where neither side can improve its position

Back 54

stalemate

Front 55

Played a major part in the deadlock and slaughter of trench warfare. (weapon)

Back 55

Machine Gun

Front 56

Choked and blinded victims. (weapon)

Back 56

Poison Gas

Front 57

The space between two sets of trenches.

Back 57

No-man's-land

Front 58

Most World War I soldiers were __________.

Back 58

draftees

Front 59

Both sides attempted to prevent the enemy from getting supplies. (method)

Back 59

blockades

Front 60

The Allies had a more effective blockade because of the ____________.

Back 60

British Navy

Front 61

To make their blockade more effective the Germans began to use ____________.

Back 61

Submarine Warfare

Front 62

Broke international law by not giving warning or taking passengers.

Back 62

Submarine Warfare

Front 63

British Luxury liner sunk by German Sub. (120 Americans die)

Back 63

Lusitania

Front 64

When countries mobilize all their resources into the war effort.

Back 64

Total War

Front 65

Used by governments to conserve supplies

Back 65

Rationing

Front 66

Using information to encourage a particular point of view.

Back 66

Propaganda

Front 67

Propaganda was used by _____________.

Back 67

both sides

Front 68

Were more effective in the use of propaganda.

Back 68

Allies

Front 69

Was the first of the major countries to become exhausted from total war.

Back 69

Russia

Front 70

Resulted in the setting up of a liberal government. (during World War I)

Back 70

First Russian Revolution (of 1917)

Front 71

After this event, this country still tried to continue fighting the war.

Back 71

First Russian Revolution

Front 72

Secret weapon shipped into Russia by the Germans.

Back 72

Vladimir Lenin

Front 73

Results in the setting up of a Communist Gov.

Back 73

Second Russian Revolution (of 1917)

Front 74

Communist Russia makes a separate peace with Germany.

Back 74

Treaty of Brest Litovsk

Front 75

Allows Germany to fight a one front war.

Back 75

Treaty of Brest Litovsk

Front 76

The area of contact between opposing sides in warfare.

Back 76

front

Front 77

To starve the allies in hopes of defeating them before America entered the war Germany resumed ______________.

Back 77

unrestricted submarine warfare

Front 78

Germany offered Mexico a part of the U.S. if it would join the war.

Back 78

Zimmerman Note

Front 79

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare and the Zimmerman note ________________.

Back 79

bring U.S. into the war

Front 80

Year of America's entrance into WWI.

Back 80

1917

Front 81

Year of both Russian Revolutions.

Back 81

1917

Front 82

Arabs seeking independence helped the allies fight against the _____________.

Back 82

Ottoman Turks

Front 83

Machine gun, tanks, submarines, airplanes, gas.

Back 83

new weapons of WWI

Front 84

New weapons and trench warfare turned WWI into a _____________.

Back 84

war of attrition

Front 85

When the winner in war is determined by who can continue to fight the longest.

Back 85

war of attrition

Front 86

Helps break the stalemate and bring an allied victory.

Back 86

U.S. entrance

Front 87

Ends the fighting after the Kaiser abdicated his throne.

Back 87

Armistice

Front 88

Date of the Armistice

Back 88

1918

Front 89

Russia and the defeated Central powers were not invited to the _____________.

Back 89

Paris Peace Conference

Front 90

Most influential man at the peace conference.

Back 90

Woodrow Wilson

Front 91

Leader of the American delegation to the peace conference

Back 91

Woodrow Wilson

Front 92

Wilson's goals for the war and peace plan after the war.

Back 92

Fourteen Points

Front 93

Included reduction of armaments, national self determination, end to secret alliances, and a League of Nations.

Back 93

Fourteen Points

Front 94

Attempting to draw boundaries around recognizable national groups.

Back 94

National Self Determination

Front 95

Was to support peace by solving conflict through negotiations.

Back 95

League of Nations

Front 96

It was based on the idea of collective security.

Back 96

League of Nations

Front 97

System in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all.

Back 97

Collective Security

Front 98

Wilson compromised on other points to secure the inclusion of the ______________.

Back 98

League of Nations

Front 99

The U.S. Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles because they thought the _________ would limit the war making powers of congress.

Back 99

League of Nations

Front 100

Placed total blame for the war on Germany

Back 100

Treaty of Versailles

Front 101

The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to pay ____________.

Back 101

reparations

Front 102

Payment for damages in a war.

Back 102

reparations

Front 103

The treaty of Versailles failed to create a lasting peace because it was ___________.

Back 103

too harsh on Germany

Front 104

The two Russian revolutions in 1917 were largely the result of the hardship caused by ___________.

Back 104

World War I

Front 105

The biggest mistake made by Czar Nicholas II.

Back 105

going to war

Front 106

Russian Czar overthrown by the revolution.

Back 106

Nicholas II

Front 107

After a revolution in 1905, Nicholas Ii approved the creation of a parliament called the _______.

Back 107

Duma

Front 108

Believed revolution against the Czar would be led by peasants.

Back 108

Social Revolutionaries

Front 109

Wanted to replace the czar with a democratic government.

Back 109

Social Revolutionaries

Front 110

Russian Marxists

Back 110

Social Democrats

Front 111

Believed revolution in Russia would come from urban workers.

Back 111

Social Democrats

Front 112

Social Democrats who believed the Industrial Revolution had to precede the workers revolt.

Back 112

Mensheviks

Front 113

Social Democrats who wanted a broadly based party.

Back 113

Mensheviks

Front 114

The Social Democrats were NOT _________.

Back 114

Democratic

Front 115

Social Democrats who believed the workers revolt could precede the Industrial Revolution.

Back 115

Bolsheviks

Front 116

Social Democrats who believed the Communist party should be an elite group of professional revolutionaries.

Back 116

Bolsheviks

Front 117

Leader of the Bolsheviks

Back 117

Vladimir Lenin

Front 118

Workers' councils organized in Russia in 1917.

Back 118

Soviets

Front 119

While Nicholas II was at the front he left control of Russia to ____________.

Back 119

Czarina Alexandra

Front 120

Czarina Alexandra was influenced by the mystic __________.

Back 120

Rasputin

Front 121

Nicholas II was forced to abdicate in February of 1917 by __________________.

Back 121

Bread Riots and Strikes in St. Petersburg

Front 122

After Nicholas II abdicated the Duma set up a _______________.

Back 122

Provisional Government

Front 123

Leader of the Provisional Government. (Russia)

Back 123

Alexander Kerensky

Front 124

In St. Petersburg the ________ was more powerful than the provisional government.

Back 124

Soviet

Front 125

The mistake of the provisional government was to ___________________. (Russia)

Back 125

continue the war

Front 126

Lenin's slogan.

Back 126

"Peace, Land, and Bread"

Front 127

Took over Government offices in October 1917. (Russia)

Back 127

Bolshevik Red Guards

Front 128

The second Russian Revolution of 1917 was a _____________.

Back 128

Coup d' etat

Front 129

Won a majority in the popular elections held in 1917.

Back 129

Social Revolutionaries

Front 130

When the Bolsheviks did not win a majority in the elections they ___________.

Back 130

closed the Assembly

Front 131

From 1918 to 1920 Russia was in __________.

Back 131

Civil War

Front 132

Those who fought against the Bolsheviks.

Back 132

White Army

Front 133

A mixture of: Czarists, Social Revolutionaries and Mensheviks.

Back 133

White Army

Front 134

Leader of the Red Army.

Back 134

Leon Trotsky

Front 135

Won the Russian Civil War.

Back 135

Red Army

Front 136

Was supported by the Allies (including the U.S.) in the Russian Civil War.

Back 136

White Army

Front 137

The government established by Lenin and the Bolsheviks was ___________.

Back 137

Communist

Front 138

Brutal secret police force of the Bolsheviks.

Back 138

Cheka

Front 139

Red Army officers were kept under close watch of _____.

Back 139

commissars

Front 140

Communist party officials.

Back 140

commissars

Front 141

In 1922, Lenin's communist government united much of the old Russian empire into the ____>

Back 141

Soviet Union

Front 142

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/USSR

Back 142

Soviet Union

Front 143

According to the new Constitution of the Soviet Union all political power, resources, and means of production would belong to the _______.

Back 143

workers and peasants

Front 144

In reality in the Soviet Union the ______ held all of the power.

Back 144

Communist Party

Front 145

To help save the Soviet economy Lenin was forced to use some features of _______.

Back 145

capitalism

Front 146

Struggled for power after the death of Lenin.

Back 146

Trotsky and Stalin

Front 147

Took ruthless steps to win total power over the Soviet Union.

Back 147

Joseph Stalin

Front 148

In the 1900s much of Latin America's natural resources were controlled by ______.

Back 148

investors from other countries

Front 149

In Latin America in the early 1900s most of the power was held by ______.

Back 149

Military leaders and wealthy land owners

Front 150

Large farms in Mexico worked by the peasants owned by the rich.

Back 150

haciendas.

Front 151

When dictator Porfirio Diaz left office in Mexico in 1911 the ______________ began.

Back 151

Mexican Revolution

Front 152

He approved a new constitution that included land and labor reform when he was elected Mexico's president in 1917.

Back 152

Venustiano Carranza

Front 153

Made church land "the property of the nation," set a minimum wage and protected the right of workers' to strike in Mexico.

Back 153

Constitution of 1917

Front 154

Carranza's new government strengthened the government's control over the economy through ________.

Back 154

nationalization

Front 155

Government takeover of natural resources.

Back 155

nationalization

Front 156

Organized by the government it brings some stability to Mexico by accommodating some desires of business, military leaders, peasants and workers.

Back 156

PRI

Front 157

Institutional Revolutionary Party

Back 157

PRI

Front 158

Dominated Mexican politics from the 1930s until free elections in 2000.

Back 158

PRI

Front 159

Hurt Latin American economies as it did the rest of the world in the 1930s.

Back 159

Great Depression

Front 160

Became popular in Latin America as a result of the Great Depression.

Back 160

Economic Nationalism

Front 161

Home control of an economy.

Back 161

Economic Nationalism

Front 162

In Latin America in the 1930s it resulted in the rejection of European influences.

Back 162

Cultural Nationalism

Front 163

President Franklin Roosevelt's policy to stay out of Latin American politics.

Back 163

Good Neighbor policy

Front 164

In the 1900s controlled most of Africa and kept the best lands or themselves.

Back 164

Europeans

Front 165

From 1910 to 1940 blacks here lost the right to vote and were kept from certain jobs.

Back 165

South Africa

Front 166

The system of strict segregation that became law in South Africa in 1948.

Back 166

Apartheid

Front 167

A movement that called for the unity of Africans and those of African descent around the world.

Back 167

Pan-Africanism

Front 168

Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Dubois were leaders in the _______.

Back 168

Pan-African movement

Front 169

A movement in West Africa and the Caribbean, in which writers expressed pride in their African roots and protested colonial rule.

Back 169

negritude movement

Front 170

Overthrew the Ottoman ruler and created the Republic of Turkey.

Back 170

Mustafa Kemel

Front 171

Mustafa Kemal worked to __________.

Back 171

modernize Turkey

Front 172

Inspired by Mustafa Kemal he overthrew the Persian shah and worked to modernize Persia/Iran.

Back 172

Reza Khan

Front 173

Both Mustafa Kemal & Reza Khan replaced Islamic traditions with _____________.

Back 173

Western ways

Front 174

Arab nationalism.

Back 174

Pan-Arabism

Front 175

Arabs had hoped to gain independence after World War I but felt betrayed when ______.

Back 175

French and British took control of their lands.

Front 176

Jewish Nationalist dreamed of a homeland in ________.

Back 176

Palestine

Front 177

To show support for European Jews, Britain issued the _______.

Back 177

Balfour Declaration

Front 178

A statement advocating a homeland for Jews in Palestine in 1917.

Back 178

Balfour Declaration

Front 179

In April of 1919, British soldiers killed and wounded hundreds of peaceful Indian protesters.

Back 179

Amristar massacre

Front 180

Convinced Indians that their country should be independent of Britain.

Back 180

Amristar massacre

Front 181

For 20 years, he fought laws in South Africa that discriminated against Indians.

Back 181

Mohandas Gandhi

Front 182

Emerged as the leader of the Indian independence movement.

Back 182

Mohandas Gandhi

Front 183

Gandhi followed Henry David Thoreau's ideas of _______.

Back 183

civil disobedience

Front 184

The practice of not obeying unjust laws.

Back 184

civil disobedience

Front 185

Indians following Gandhi's nonviolent civil disobedience and British reactions slowly led to the British _______.

Back 185

giving some power to Indians

Front 186

When the Qing dynasty collapsed and Sun Yixian became president, China fell into chaos and __________.

Back 186

warlords battled for control

Front 187

Was issued by Japan during World War I in an attempt to give Japan control over China.

Back 187

Twenty-One Demands

Front 188

During the early 20th century China was weak and gave into many of _____.

Back 188

Japan's demands

Front 189

After World War I the allies gave Japan control over some former __________.

Back 189

German lands in China

Front 190

Was inspired by the Allies giving German lands in China to Japan.

Back 190

May Fourth Movement

Front 191

An intellectual movement to make China strong and to resist European imperialism through the use of Western ideas.

Back 191

May Fourth Movement

Front 192

Encouraged by the Soviet Union some Chinese turned to ______.

Back 192

Marxism

Front 193

Nationalist party in China

Back 193

Guomindang

Front 194

Leader of the Guomindang from the late 1920s until 1949.

Back 194

Jiang Jieshi

Front 195

Chiang Kai-Shek

Back 195

Jiang Jieshi

Front 196

Used the help of the Chinese communists to crush the warlords.

Back 196

Jiang Jieshi

Front 197

In the middle of his campaign against the warlords he turned on the communists and slaughtered many of them.

Back 197

Jiang Jieshi

Front 198

Becomes the leader of the Chinese Communists by seeking the support of the peasant masses.

Back 198

Mao Zedong

Front 199

A trek of 6000 miles by Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong to relocate their power base.

Back 199

The Long March

Front 200

The Guomindang under the leadership of Jiang Jieshi attacked the communists throughout the _____.

Back 200

Long March

Front 201

The Guomindang fought the Communists in a 22 year ______.

Back 201

Civil War

Front 202

Invaded China in 1937.

Back 202

Japan

Front 203

Because of the invasion Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong formed an alliance until the ________.

Back 203

Japanese threat ended

Front 204

Because of exports to the Allies Japan's economy grew during ______.

Back 204

World War I

Front 205

Became emperor of Japan in 1926.

Back 205

Hirohito

Front 206

During the 1920s Japan had a more ______.

Back 206

Liberal/democratic government

Front 207

A group of business leaders who manipulated politicians.

Back 207

Zaibatsu

Front 208

Were angry with the government of Japan for giving into Western demands and for accepting payoffs from the Zaibatsu

Back 208

Military leaders and ultranationalists

Front 209

Blew up railroad tracks in Manchuria and blamed it on the Chinese as an excuse to invade Manchuria.

Back 209

Japanese Militarists

Front 210

Increased their power in Japan throughout the 1930s.

Back 210

Military leaders and Ultranationalists

Front 211

In 1940 it signed an agreement with Italy and Germany to form the Axis Powers.

Back 211

Japan

Front 212

Shattered a sense of optimism which had grown in the West since the Enlightenment.

Back 212

World War I

Front 213

New technologies connected people around the world and created a ________ shared by the World's developed countries.

Back 213

mass culture

Front 214

African Americans combined Western harmonies with African rhythms to create____.

Back 214

Jazz

Front 215

Another name for the "Roaring Twenties" in the U.S.

Back 215

Jazz Age

Front 216

During the 1920s many young people who had been disillusioned by the war rejected the moral values of the __________.

Back 216

Victorian Age

Front 217

Symbol of the rebellious Jazz Age youth.

Back 217

flapper

Front 218

Nickname given to young women of the 1920s who defied convention and broke norms.

Back 218

flapper

Front 219

New technologies and attitudes of the 1920s allowed some women to be emancipated from traditional roles and to pursue ________.

Back 219

careers

Front 220

The fact that many people opposed the freer lifestyle of the Jazz age was demonstrated by _______.

Back 220

Prohibition

Front 221

Outlawed the production and sale of alcohol in the U.S.

Back 221

Prohibition (18th Amendment)

Front 222

Caused an explosion of organized crime in the U.S.

Back 222

Prohibition

Front 223

Illegal bars.

Back 223

Speakeasies

Front 224

Christian movement in the U.S. in the 1900s which stressed a more literal interpretation of the bible.

Back 224

fundamentalism

Front 225

Brought national attention to the theory and teaching of evolution.

Back 225

Scopes Trial

Front 226

Young adults in Europe and America in general, and writers in particular, who had become disillusioned with the world and Western values after World War I.

Back 226

the Lost Generation

Front 227

Cultural movement where African American artists and writers explored and expressed pride in their unique culture.

Back 227

Harlem Renaissance

Front 228

Her findings and the findings of others proved that atoms were not solid and indivisible.

Back 228

Marie Curie

Front 229

Measurements of space and time are not absolute but are determined by the relative position of the observer.

Back 229

Theory of Relativity

Front 230

Developed the theory of relativity.

Back 230

Albert Einstein

Front 231

Discovered that atoms could be split.

Back 231

Enrico Fermi

Front 232

His discovery of penicillin paved the way for the development of antibiotics to treat infections.

Back 232

Alexander Fleming

Front 233

View that the subconscious mind drives much of behavior.

Back 233

Psychoanalysis

Front 234

Founder of Psychoanalysis.

Back 234

Sigmund Freud

Front 235

Abstract, dada, & surrealism were all artistic movements which broke from traditional styles and an effort to __________.

Back 235

reproduce the real world

Front 236

Attempted to portray the workings of the unconscious mind.

Back 236

surrealism

Front 237

Largely responsible for the rise of authoritarian dictators in Europe following WWI.

Back 237

failures of the Versailles Treaty

Front 238

Had to deal with growing socialism and the Irish question after WWI.

Back 238

Great Britain

Front 239

In 1922 it was divided into two parts; the largest part became an independent state, but the Northern part remained under English rule.

Back 239

Ireland

Front 240

Fought a guerrilla war against the British before 1922 and continued to fight for Irish unification after 1922.

Back 240

Irish Republican Army

Front 241

After WWI political parties here competed for power causing many changes in government.

Back 241

France

Front 242

In the U.S. fear of radicals and the Bolshevik Revolution resulted in police rounding up suspected foreign-born radicals, and expelling a number from the country.

Back 242

Red Scare

Front 243

French Fortifications against Germany.

Back 243

Maginot Line

Front 244

In 1925 Germany and France promised they would never again make war against each other

Back 244

Locarno Pact

Front 245

Almost every nation of the world agreed to renounce war as an instrument of national policy

Back 245

Kellogg-Briand peace pact

Front 246

The Kellogg-Briand peace pact was NOT ____

Back 246

enforceable

Front 247

Attempts at making and ensuring peace among European nations in the 1920s. (including the Kellogg-Briand peace pact)

Back 247

Spirit of Locarno

Front 248

In the spirit of Locarno the great powers pursued _______.

Back 248

disarmament

Front 249

It was unable to stop aggression, a weakness noted by dictators.

Back 249

League of Nations

Front 250

Owed huge war debts to the U.S. after World War I.

Back 250

Britain & France

Front 251

In Great Britain in 1926 over three million workers went on a ________.

Back 251

general strike

Front 252

Enjoyed an economic boom in the 1920s.

Back 252

U.S.

Front 253

Overproduction and a crisis in finance in the U.S. led to the _______.

Back 253

Stock Market Crash

Front 254

Triggered a depression in the U.S. that spread world wide

Back 254

Stock Market Crash

Front 255

Programs introduced by Franklin Roosevelt in an attempt to end the Great Depression.

Back 255

New Deal

Front 256

Created a fertile ground for extremists who promised radical solutions.

Back 256

Great Depression

Front 257

Caused many people to lose faith in democracy.

Back 257

Great Depression

Front 258

First European country to become fascist.

Back 258

Italy

Front 259

Fascist dictator of Italy.

Back 259

Benito Mussolini

Front 260

Believed workers of all countries should unite in a class struggle

Back 260

communists

Front 261

Feared high inflation and or high unemployment might lead to a communist revolution

Back 261

middle and upper class

Front 262

Have the most to lose in a communist revolution

Back 262

middle and upper class

Front 263

Middle and upper classes supported Mussolini because they feared a ______-

Back 263

communist revolution

Front 264

Won support in Italy by attacking communists

Back 264

Benito Mussolini

Front 265

Nickname for Mussolini's private troops he used to take power in Italy

Back 265

Black shirts

Front 266

Mussolini and his Black shirts marched on Rome in _______ (year)

Back 266

1922

Front 267

When Mussolini marched on Rome the Italian King asked him to form a government as ______.

Back 267

Prime Minister

Front 268

After Mussolini was named Prime Minister he used secret police and propaganda to ______-

Back 268

eliminate all opposition

Front 269

Extreme Nationalism, State supremacy, one party rule, retention of private property

Back 269

Fascism

Front 270

Want a planned economy with private ownership of the means of production

Back 270

Fascists

Front 271

Want a planned economy with public ownership of the means of production

Back 271

Communists

Front 272

Want to maintain the class system with an authoritarian government

Back 272

Fascists

Front 273

Want to do away with the class system with an authoritarian government.

Back 273

Communists

Front 274

Fascists believed the state should have an ______ leader

Back 274

authoritarian

Front 275

Both Fascists and Communists believe in

Back 275

Dictatorial one-party rule

Front 276

Under Fascism and Communism opposition was _____-

Back 276

outlawed'

Front 277

In Mussolini's new system loyalty to the state replaced ______.

Back 277

individual goals

Front 278

Mussolini brought the economy under state control but preserved _____.

Back 278

capitalism

Front 279

Mussolini's fascist government was the first _________.

Back 279

totalitarian state

Front 280

A one-party dictatorship attempts to control every aspect of citizens' lives.

Back 280

totalitarian state

Front 281

Under Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union developed into a _________.

Back 281

totalitarian state

Front 282

In the Soviet Union the government made most economic decisions.

Back 282

command economy

Front 283

Stalin wanted all peasants to farm on state owned farms.

Back 283

collectives

Front 284

Because farmers resisted collectivization Stalin seized all their grain and left peasants to starve.

Back 284

Terror Famine

Front 285

Fearing rival party leaders were plotting against him Stalin launched the _________.

Back 285

Great Purge

Front 286

Resulted in the killing or imprisonment of at least four million people in the Soviet Union.

Back 286

Great Purge

Front 287

Stalin's attempt to make non-Russian cultures in the Soviet Union more Russian.

Back 287

russification

Front 288

The communist party in Russia attempted to destroy the religious faith of the people to reinforce the official communist belief of ____.

Back 288

atheism

Front 289

Soviet leaders had two conflicting _________.

Back 289

foreign policy goals

Front 290

Soviets worked to spread worldwide communist revolution through the _______.

Back 290

Comintern

Front 291

At the same time they supported worldwide communist revolution the Soviets also wanted to strengthen their national security through the ______.

Back 291

support of other countries

Front 292

Did not completely destroy Germany but created a motive for revenge.

Back 292

Versailles Treaty

Front 293

Germany's solution to war reparations following WWI.

Back 293

Printing money

Front 294

Just printing money resulted in extremely high _______.

Back 294

inflation

Front 295

Economic problem in Germany from 1918-23.

Back 295

inflation

Front 296

Democratic Government set up in Germany after WWI.

Back 296

Weimar Republic

Front 297

Became a scapegoat for Germany's problems after WWI.

Back 297

Weimar Republic

Front 298

Germans blamed the Weimar Republic for their __________.

Back 298

defeat in World War I

Front 299

Was doomed to failure by the harshness of the Versailles Treaty.

Back 299

Weimar Republic

Front 300

Came out of WWI stronger than before. (countries)

Back 300

U.S. & Japan

Front 301

World War I resulted in the rise of unstable _________.

Back 301

democracies

Front 302

When difficulties arise people are often willing to sacrifice democracy in exchange for _________.

Back 302

strong leadership

Front 303

Avoiding political ties to other countries.

Back 303

isolationism

Front 304

After World War I Americans became ____.

Back 304

isolationists

Front 305

By the autumn of 1923 it was worthless

Back 305

German Mark (unit of currency)

Front 306

Enabled Germany to recover from its tremendous inflation

Back 306

Dawes Plan

Front 307

$200 million loan from American banks to stabilize German economy.

Back 307

Dawes Plan

Front 308

National Socialist German Worker's Party

Back 308

Nazi

Front 309

Became the fuehrer (leader) of the Nazi Party.

Back 309

Adolf Hitler

Front 310

Attempted a coup in Munich in 1923

Back 310

Adolf Hitler

Front 311

After the attempted coup in 1923 Hitler was

Back 311

Imprisoned

Front 312

While in prison Hitler wrote ______-

Back 312

Mein Kampf

Front 313

Set forth Hitler's objectives for Germany

Back 313

Mein Kampf

Front 314

Nazism was a form of ______

Back 314

Fascism

Front 315

Lost popularity during the prosperity of the 1920s

Back 315

Nazis

Front 316

Results in both Communists and Nazis gaining popularity in the 1930s

Back 316

Great Depression

Front 317

Because of the depression Germans began to feel they had to choose between _______

Back 317

Communism and Nazism

Front 318

Nazi private army

Back 318

Storm Troopers

Front 319

Engaged in terrorism to help the Nazis come to power

Back 319

Storm Troopers

Front 320

Nickname for the Nazi Storm Troopers

Back 320

Brown Shirts

Front 321

German initials for Storm Troopers

Back 321

SA

Front 322

Industrialists, upper class and the middle class backed Hitler because they feared they might lose everything to a ______

Back 322

communist revolution

Front 323

Ruling body under the Weimar Republic.

Back 323

Reichstag

Front 324

In 1933 President Hindenburg named Hitler

Back 324

Chancellor

Front 325

As Chancellor Hitler called for new______

Back 325

Reichstag elections

Front 326

Enabled the Nazis and their allies to win a majority of seats in the Reichstag.

Back 326

Reichstag Fire

Front 327

The Nazis blamed the Reichstag fire on the _____

Back 327

Communists

Front 328

After gaining a two-third majority the Nazi's passed the ______-

Back 328

Enabling Act

Front 329

The Enabling Act made Hitler the ______

Back 329

Dictator of Germany

Front 330

Dreaded elite corps of Nazi Germany

Back 330

SS

Front 331

Hitler's secret police.

Back 331

Gestapo

Front 332

Used by Hitler to eliminate opposition

Back 332

Gestapo

Front 333

The Gestapo was part of the ______

Back 333

SS

Front 334

Nickname for the SS

Back 334

Black shirts

Front 335

Head of the SS and the Gestapo

Back 335

Heinrich Himmler

Front 336

Nazi propaganda chief

Back 336

Joseph Goebbels

Front 337

Deprived Jews of German citizenship and political rights (1935)

Back 337

Nuremburg Laws

Front 338

Individuals are subordinate to the state but private property is retained

Back 338

Fascism

Front 339

German Fascism

Back 339

Nazism

Front 340

Fear of communism, resentment of Jews, resentment of the Treaty of Versailles, and the depression, helped _________

Back 340

Hitler rise

Front 341

Fascists generally believe in a superior____

Back 341

race

Front 342

Won support by offering simple solutions to complex problems

Back 342

Dictators

Front 343

Hoped to solve their nation's economic problems by building a Pacific empire

Back 343

Japanese Militarists

Front 344

In 1937 Japan went to war against ______

Back 344

China

Front 345

In 1936 Italy conquered

Back 345

Ethiopia

Front 346

Making concessions to avoid war.

Back 346

Appeasement

Front 347

When Hitler first began to violate the Treaty of Versailles, Britain and France followed a policy of _______.

Back 347

Appeasement

Front 348

Hitler began to violate it provisions step by step.

Back 348

Versailles Treaty

Front 349

First violation of the Versailles Treaty.

Back 349

German Rearmament

Front 350

After Hitler rearmed his second violation of the Versailles Treaty was to occupy the demilitarized zone of the _______.

Back 350

Rhineland

Front 351

Hitler annexed Austria with _______.

Back 351

no resistance

Front 352

Britain & France give up the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia to maintain peace.

Back 352

Munich Pact

Front 353

Germany, Italy, and Japan (1936)

Back 353

Axis Powers

Front 354

Led revolt against the elected government in Spain.

Back 354

Francisco Franco

Front 355

Used German and Italian troops against Spain's Republican army.

Back 355

Francisco Franco

Front 356

During Spain's civil war western democracies _____.

Back 356

remained neutral

Front 357

The government established by Franco in Spain was _______.

Back 357

Fascist

Front 358

British Prime Minister famous for appeasement.

Back 358

Neville Chamberlain

Front 359

Hitler violated the Munich Pact by taking ____.

Back 359

all of Czechoslovakia

Front 360

Signed a non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939. (shocked the world)

Back 360

Soviet Union

Front 361

Planned to divide Eastern Europe between them.

Back 361

Hitler and Stalin

Front 362

World War II started when Germany _____.

Back 362

invaded Poland

Front 363

Date of the beginning of World War II.

Back 363

1939

Front 364

German "lightning war"

Back 364

Blitzkrieg

Front 365

Quick surprise strikes by tanks supported by airplanes.

Back 365

Blitzkrieg

Front 366

After Hitler invaded Poland, Britain and France __________.

Back 366

declared war on Germany

Front 367

Followed Britain and France declaring war on Germany.

Back 367

Phony War

Front 368

No fighting on land between the Allies and Germany.

Back 368

Phony War

Front 369

Those who fought against the Axis Powers.

Back 369

Allies

Front 370

Hitler's armies simply went around it from the North.

Back 370

Maginot Line

Front 371

Hitler used the Blitzkrieg to overrun this country in about a month in 1940.

Back 371

France

Front 372

British rescued 300,000 troops out of France at this port.

Back 372

Dunkirk

Front 373

Succeeded Neville Chamberlain as Britain's Prime Minister.

Back 373

Winston Churchill

Front 374

Hitler wanted to crush this country's air force to prepare to invade it.

Back 374

Britain

Front 375

The British RAF defeated the German Luftwaffe.

Back 375

Battle of Britain

Front 376

New technology used by Britain in the Battle of Britain.

Back 376

Radar

Front 377

German Air Force.

Back 377

Luftwaffe

Front 378

RAF

Back 378

Royal Air Force

Front 379

Commander of the Luftwaffe

Back 379

Herman Goering

Front 380

Prevented a German invasion of Britain.

Back 380

Battle of Britain

Front 381

Head of the Soviet Union during WWII.

Back 381

Joseph Stalin

Front 382

After Hitler was unable to invade Britain he broke his non-aggression pact and invaded ____.

Back 382

the Soviet Union

Front 383

Ripped through the Soviet Union at first.

Back 383

Blitzkrieg

Front 384

Allowed Roosevelt to send war supplies to any country whose defense was vital to the U.S.

Back 384

Lend-lease Act

Front 385

U.S. President during World War II.

Back 385

Franklin Roosevelt

Front 386

Official leader of Japan during World War II.

Back 386

Emperor Hirohito

Front 387

Dominated Japan prior to and during World War II.

Back 387

Militarists

Front 388

Proposed Japanese Empire. (name)

Back 388

Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere

Front 389

Japan went to war to obtain an empire for ______.

Back 389

raw materials

Front 390

Brought the U.S. into World War II.

Back 390

Bombing of Pearl Harbor

Front 391

Planned and executed the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Back 391

Admiral Yamamoto

Front 392

The U.S. entered World War II in ________. (year)

Back 392

1941

Front 393

Critical new naval weapon of WWII.

Back 393

Aircraft Carrier

Front 394

Turning point in the Pacific War.

Back 394

Battle of Midway

Front 395

Commander of the American Pacific fleet directed the victory at the Battle of Midway.

Back 395

Admiral Nimitz

Front 396

The Selective Service Act in 1940 was the first U.S. _________.

Back 396

peacetime draft

Front 397

Main cause of the loss of civilian lives.

Back 397

bombing by airplanes

Front 398

Hitler's plan to murder all the Jews.

Back 398

"Final Solution"

Front 399

Wartime hysteria in the U.S. resulted in the _____.

Back 399

internment of Japanese Americans

Front 400

Nazi destruction of the Jews. (6 million killed)

Back 400

Holocaust

Front 401

Nazis sent Jews and political opponents to ____.

Back 401

Concentration camps

Front 402

Nazis forced Jews, poles, & Soviet Slavs to work as _____.

Back 402

slave labor

Front 403

Hitler believed they were a master race.

Back 403

Aryans

Front 404

Carried out Hitler's policy of exterminating the Jews.

Back 404

SS

Front 405

Americans and British troops first fought together in ______. (place)

Back 405

North Africa

Front 406

From North Africa the Allies attacked ______. (in 1943)

Back 406

Sicily and Italy

Front 407

Desert Fox, German General who at first had great success against the Allies in North Africa, eventually his army was driven back and forced to surrender.

Back 407

Erwin Rommel

Front 408

Beginning of the end of the war in Europe.

Back 408

Invasion of Normandy

Front 409

The Allied invasion of France forced Hitler to fight a war on _____.

Back 409

two fronts

Front 410

Beginning of the invasion of Normandy.

Back 410

D-Day

Front 411

Year of D-Day.

Back 411

1944

Front 412

Commanding General of the invasion of Normandy.

Back 412

Dwight Eisenhower

Front 413

Wanted the U.S. & Britain to open a second front in France. (person)

Back 413

Joseph Stalin

Front 414

Turning point of the war in the Soviet Union.

Back 414

Battle of Stalingrad

Front 415

Defeated Germany in Russia. (a major factor)

Back 415

Russian Winter

Front 416

Soviets and Americans met in Germany at the _______.

Back 416

River Elbe

Front 417

Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders.

Back 417

V.E. Day

Front 418

Roosevelt, Churchill, & Stalin met to plan the end of the war.

Back 418

Yalta Conference

Front 419

Strategy to defeat Japan in the Pacific.

Back 419

Island hopping

Front 420

U.S. policy of leap frogging over Islands that were well fortified by the Japanese and attacking less fortified islands that strategically enabled the U.S. to move toward Japan.

Back 420

Island hopping

Front 421

With the use of blockades islands which were leap frogged were left to _____.

Back 421

"wither on the vine"

Front 422

Truman ordered the dropping of the Atomic Bomb to avoid _______.

Back 422

invading Japan

Front 423

Two cities hit by nuclear bombs (in order)

Back 423

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Front 424

World War II ended in _______. (year)

Back 424

1945

Front 425

The number of deaths in World War II was as many as ________.

Back 425

50 million

Front 426

Created at the end of World War II to keep the peace.

Back 426

United Nations

Front 427

Nazis tried for war crimes.

Back 427

Nuremburg Trials

Front 428

World Powers after World War II.

Back 428

U.S. and U.S.S.R.

Front 429

As soon as World War II was ended distrust and different philosophies led to the _____.

Back 429

Cold War

Front 430

Tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union from 1946 to 1990.

Back 430

Cold War

Front 431

Stalin's threat to Greece and Turkey after the war resulted in the _____.

Back 431

Truman Doctrine

Front 432

Policy that the U.S. would resist the spread of Communism throughout the world.

Back 432

Truman Doctrine

Front 433

To strengthen democracies, the U.S. offered food and economic aid to Europe.

Back 433

Marshall Plan

Front 434

Forced the Soviets to end their blockade of West Berlin.

Back 434

Allied Airlift

Front 435

New alliance formed by the U.S. and nine other countries in 1949.

Back 435

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Front 436

The Soviet Counter to NATO.

Back 436

Warsaw Pact

Front 437

Nonviolent hostility between the U.S. & Soviet Union that arose during the 1950s.

Back 437

Cold War

Front 438

Emerged from World War II as superpowers.

Back 438

U.S. & Soviet Union

Front 439

Resulted in competing Communist & Western alliances.

Back 439

Cold War

Front 440

One contributing factor to the Cold War was the fact that Stalin broke a promise he had made at Yalta for ___________.

Back 440

free elections in Eastern Europe

Front 441

Both the U.S. & the Soviet Union formed them with the countries they protected or occupied.

Back 441

military alliances.

Front 442

Consisted of the U.S. and its Western European allies.

Back 442

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Front 443

Included the Soviet Union and its satellite countries.

Back 443

Warsaw Pact

Front 444

A country whose policies are dictated by another country.

Back 444

satellite

Front 445

Division of Europe into Communist and Democratic regions.

Back 445

Iron Curtain

Front 446

At Yalta they agreed to divide it into four occupation zones.

Back 446

Germany

Front 447

The occupation zones resulted in a democratic and a communist _________.

Back 447

Germany

Front 448

Democratic Germany

Back 448

West Germany

Front 449

Communist Germany

Back 449

East Germany

Front 450

In addition to dividing Germany after WWII ________ was also divided.

Back 450

Berlin

Front 451

West Berlin was completely surrounded by ________.

Back 451

East Germany

Front 452

Was created so people could not escape to West Berlin.

Back 452

Berlin wall

Front 453

In East Germany, Poland, Hungary, & Czechoslovakia there were revolts against____.

Back 453

Soviet domination

Front 454

USSR

Back 454

Soviet Union

Front 455

First major leader to succeed Stalin.

Back 455

Nikita Khrushchev

Front 456

When the Soviets developed Nuclear Weapons in 1949 the result was a _________.

Back 456

Nuclear arms race

Front 457

Building up nuclear weapons to keep an opponent from using their nuclear weapons.

Back 457

nuclear deterrence

Front 458

The belief that if nuclear weapons were balanced between sides, neither side would use its weapons because it would result in their own destruction.

Back 458

Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)

Front 459

Made the U.S. & USSR reluctant to become involved in direct military conflict.

Back 459

fear of global nuclear destruction

Front 460

To reduce the threat of nuclear war the two sides met in ______.

Back 460

disarmament talks

Front 461

Resulted in two agreements, one in 1972 & one in 1979, to limit the number of nuclear weapons.

Back 461

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

Front 462

Missiles designed to shoot down incoming missiles.

Back 462

Anti-ballistic missiles (ABMs)

Front 463

ABMs were dealt with in SALT treaties because of the fear that they might make _____.

Back 463

Nuclear deterrence ineffective

Front 464

Missile defense program launched by Ronald Reagan.

Back 464

Star Wars

Front 465

Critics of the Star Wars defense system believed it violated an ______.

Back 465

ABM treaty

Front 466

Nuclear Arms treaty reached in 1991.

Back 466

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)

Front 467

American and Soviet arms control agreements led to an era of _________.

Back 467

détente

Front 468

Relaxation of tensions between the U.S. and the USSR in the 1970s.

Back 468

détente

Front 469

As more nations developed nuclear weapons, a group of nations agreed not to develop nuclear weapons or stop their proliferation.

Back 469

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

Front 470

Ended the period of détente.

Back 470

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Front 471

When WWII ended the Soviets were assisting communist forces in ________.

Back 471

China & Korea

Front 472

Doctrine giving military and economic aid to help countries block communist takeovers.

Back 472

Truman Doctrine

Front 473

The Truman doctrine was in effect the policy of _____.

Back 473

containment

Front 474

U.S. leaders attempted to keep communism from spreading to other nations in a policy of ______.

Back 474

containment

Front 475

As nations sought independence from imperial powers after WWII some sought the support of the U.S. others sought the support of the ___.

Back 475

Soviet Union

Front 476

At times the Cold War got "hot" and erupted into "shooting wars" especially in _______.

Back 476

Korea & Vietnam

Front 477

Led a successful revolution and Communist takeover in Cuba.

Back 477

Fidel Castro

Front 478

Unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by U.S. trained Cuban exiles supported by President Kennedy.

Back 478

Bay of Pigs

Front 479

Kennedy uses naval blockade to stop Soviet nuclear weapons from being placed in Cuba.

Back 479

Cuban Missile Crisis

Front 480

While Western democracies supported free markets Communism supported a _____.

Back 480

command economy

Front 481

Production & prices are based on supply and demand.

Back 481

free market

Front 482

Production & prices are determined by the government.

Back 482

command economy

Front 483

Fear that communists inside the U.S. might try to undermine the government. (late 1940s early 1950s)

Back 483

Red Scare (actually second Red Scare)

Front 484

Led a hunt for communists he thought were in the U.S. government.

Back 484

Senator Joseph McCarthy

Front 485

The newly created United Nations' headquarters were in ______.

Back 485

New York City

Front 486

During the 1950s and 1960s the U.S. experienced a post war economic _____.

Back 486

boom

Front 487

During the post war boom many Americans left the cities for the _____.

Back 487

suburbs

Front 488

The post war economic boom was brought to an end by ________.

Back 488

high oil prices

Front 489

The post war economic boom ended with the _______.

Back 489

recession of 1974

Front 490

Despite the post war economic boom in the U.S. minorities still suffered from __________.

Back 490

segregation & discrimination

Front 491

Even though it made segregated schools unconstitutional it did not end the practice in the South.

Back 491

Brown versus Board of Education

Front 492

Gifted preacher who emerged as a leader of the Civil Rights movement.

Back 492

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Front 493

The civil rights movement inspired the women's rights movement to end _______.

Back 493

gender based discrimination

Front 494

The U.S. gave massive economic aid which revived Western European economies after WWII.

Back 494

Marshall Plan

Front 495

After WWII many Western democracies started to move toward assuming the basic responsibility for people's economic well being by building the ________.

Back 495

Welfare State

Front 496

The Welfare state requires higher _____.

Back 496

taxes

Front 497

Promoted free trade and economic cooperation among the nations of Western Europe. (formed 1957)

Back 497

European Community (Common Market)

Front 498

Led the U.S. occupation of Japan after WWII.

Back 498

General Douglas MacArthur

Front 499

Under U.S. occupation Japan established a parliamentary democracy and experienced an amazing _________.

Back 499

economic recovery

Front 500

Japan's economic miracle relied on _____.

Back 500

exports

Front 501

After Japan's defeat civil war resumed in China between the ____________.

Back 501

Communists & Nationalists

Front 502

Leader of the Communists in China after WWII.

Back 502

Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)

Front 503

Leader of the Nationalists in China after WWII.

Back 503

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)

Front 504

Communists won control of mainland China in _____. (year)

Back 504

1949

Front 505

The communists won in China in large part because they won the support of the _____.

Back 505

peasants

Front 506

After defeat the Chinese Nationalists fled to ____.

Back 506

Taiwan

Front 507

Under Chinese communism Buddhism, Confucianism and other traditional beliefs were ____.

Back 507

suppressed

Front 508

Mao forced people to move from small villages and individual farms to communes of thousands of people on thousands of acres.

Back 508

Great Leap Forward

Front 509

The "Great Leap Forward" proved to be a dismal failure and as many as 55 million Chinese are thought to have ___________.

Back 509

starved to death

Front 510

Mao Zedong put down any dissent with ___.

Back 510

beatings, imprisonment, & execution

Front 511

In 1966 Mao urged young Chinese to purge China of "bourgeois" tendencies in the ____.

Back 511

Cultural Revolution

Front 512

Resulted in bands of Chinese teenagers humiliating, beating, and even killing anybody they considered to be "bourgeois."

Back 512

Cultural Revolution

Front 513

Skilled workers & managers were forced to work on farms or in labor camps in China.

Back 513

Cultural Revolution

Front 514

It resulted in a slowed economy and the threat of civil war until Mao had the army restore order.

Back 514

Cultural Revolution

Front 515

When China first became communist it was supported by the Soviet Union but as the two nations grew to distrust each other the Soviets _______.

Back 515

withdrew their aid and advisors

Front 516

By "playing the China card" or improving relations with Communist China the U.S. hoped to _____.

Back 516

isolate the Soviets

Front 517

In 1971 the U.S. allowed the Communists to replace Taiwan in the United Nations and in 1979 the U.S. established _________.

Back 517

diplomatic relations with China.

Front 518

After WWII the U.S. and Soviet forces agreed to divide this nation at the 38th parallel.

Back 518

Korea

Front 519

Communist Dictator of North Korea after WWII.

Back 519

Kim Il Sung

Front 520

The North Koreans attacked the South in June of _________.

Back 520

1950

Front 521

Because of the absence of the Soviet Union it condemned the North Korean invasion and used a force made up mostly of U.S. troops to fight the North Koreans.

Back 521

United Nations

Front 522

The North Koreans overran most of the South until they were stopped by the U.N. forces, the U.N. forces then counter attacked and drove back close to the ______.

Back 522

Chinese border

Front 523

After Mao Zedong sent hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops to help the North Koreans the U.N. forces were driven back to the _____.

Back 523

38th parallel

Front 524

The Korean War turned into a stalemate and both sides signed an armistice to end fighting in ____. (year)

Back 524

1953

Front 525

After the Korean War nearly two million North and South Koreans remained dug in on either side of the _____.

Back 525

demilitarized zone (DMZ)

Front 526

Conquered Indochina in the 1800s and controlled it until it was overrun by Japan in WWII.

Back 526

French

Front 527

During WWII the Japanese faced stiff resistance in Indochina (especially in Vietnam) from _______.

Back 527

guerrillas

Front 528

Small groups of loosely organized soldiers who make surprise raids.

Back 528

guerrillas

Front 529

After the Japanese were defeated they set out to re-establish authority in Indochina.

Back 529

French

Front 530

Leader of the Vietnamese who fought the French.

Back 530

Ho Chi Minh

Front 531

Ho Chi Minh was both a nationalist and a ______.

Back 531

communist

Front 532

Vietnamese victory over the French in 1954 that convinced the French to leave Vietnam

Back 532

Dienbienphu

Front 533

Indochina countries that had gained independence separate from Vietnam.

Back 533

Cambodia & Laos

Front 534

After 1954 the struggle for Vietnam became part of the _______.

Back 534

Cold War

Front 535

After 1954 Western and communist powers agreed to a temporary division of _______.

Back 535

Vietnam

Front 536

After Vietnam was divided Ho Chi Minh's communists controlled North Vietnam and South Vietnam was controlled by noncommunist led by ____.

Back 536

Ngo Dinh Diem

Front 537

Ngo Dinh Diem and the South Vietnamese were supported by the ______.

Back 537

United States

Front 538

The agreement to divide Vietnam included an agreement to hold elections to reunite Vietnam, these elections were never held because _______.

Back 538

Diem and the U.S. feared the communists would win

Front 539

The majority of South Vietnamese actually supported ___________.

Back 539

Ho Chi Minh

Front 540

Catholic and pro-French Vietnamese favored ___.

Back 540

South Vietnam

Front 541

The U.S. supported Ngo Dinh Diem's regime because they feared the _________.

Back 541

spread of communism

Front 542

Ngo Dinh Diem's dictatorial regime alienated many Vietnamese because of its __________.

Back 542

corruption and brutal tactics

Front 543

Many Vietnamese believed South Vietnam was under the foreign domination of the ____.

Back 543

U.S.

Front 544

By the early 1960s many South Vietnamese communist guerrilla fighters, with the support of North Vietnam were fighting against the ____.

Back 544

South Vietnamese forces

Front 545

Belief that if one country falls to communism its neighbors would also fall.

Back 545

Domino Theory

Front 546

National Liberation Front, the South Vietnamese communist rebels trying to overthrow the government of South Vietnam.

Back 546

Viet Cong

Front 547

Ho Chi Minh determined to unite Vietnam supported the _____.

Back 547

Viet Cong

Front 548

The first attack on an American destroyer by the North Vietnamese was provoked by a South Vietnamese raid on the North, the second attack didn't actually happen, it was only a false sonar reading.

Back 548

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Front 549

Claimed that both the first attack in the Gulf of Tonkin and the second (which didn't happen) were both unprovoked.

Back 549

President Lyndon Johnson

Front 550

Used the Gulf of Tonkin Incident to get congress to authorize his enormous escalation of U.S. forces in Vietnam.

Back 550

President Lyndon Johnson

Front 551

In August of 1964 it was passed by Congress giving President Johnson the authority to use whatever force he thought necessary in Vietnam.

Back 551

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Front 552

Number of U.S. men sent to Vietnam from 1964 to 1973.

Back 552

2.5 million

Front 553

A large percentage of the men who served in Vietnam and often as high as two thirds of the men who served in combat were______.

Back 553

drafted

Front 554

About 80% of the soldiers who served in Vietnam came from the ______.

Back 554

working and lower classes

Front 555

U.S. Soldiers in Vietnam were generally not trying to take more territory, their primary objective was to increase the _______.

Back 555

body count

Front 556

Because they came from the Vietnamese peasants the U.S. soldiers had a great deal of difficulty finding and identifying the _______.

Back 556

Viet Cong

Front 557

Because many Vietnamese villagers gave refuge to the Viet Cong the villages themselves sometimes became _____.

Back 557

military targets

Front 558

A coordinated attack against cities and bases in South Vietnam by the Viet Cong & North Vietnamese in 1968.

Back 558

Tet Offensive

Front 559

Converted many Americans to the view that the Vietnam war could not be won.

Back 559

Tet Offensive

Front 560

Due to opposition to the Vietnam war he chose not to run for reelection in 1968.

Back 560

Lyndon Johnson

Front 561

Under increasing pressure to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam he negotiated the Paris Peace Accord in 1973.

Back 561

Richard Nixon

Front 562

The U.S. agreed to withdraw its troops and North Vietnam agreed not to send any more troops into the South.

Back 562

Paris Peace Accord

Front 563

Two years after the U.S. had withdrawn from Vietnam the _______.

Back 563

North Vietnamese conquered South Vietnam

Front 564

Also fell to communism after the U.S. withdrew from Vietnam

Back 564

Cambodia & Laos

Front 565

Communist guerrillas who came to power in Cambodia.

Back 565

Khmer Rouge

Front 566

Ruler of the Khmer Rouge who oversaw work camps and the genocide of more than a million Cambodians.

Back 566

Pol Pot

Front 567

After Cambodia and Laos communism did not spread any farther in ______.

Back 567

Southeast Asia

Front 568

It was unable to produce the incentive in the people to produce enough goods to keep the people happy.

Back 568

command economy

Front 569

When Hungarians tried to break free, of Soviet control in 1956, he sent tanks in to enforce obedience.

Back 569

Nikita Khrushchev

Front 570

Brief period of liberalization in Czechoslovakia in 1968.

Back 570

Prague Spring

Front 571

Ordered the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 to halt the reform movement there.

Back 571

Leonid Brezhnev

Front 572

The Cold War arms race put more pressure on the Soviets than the U.S. because of the ____.

Back 572

Stagnant Soviet economy

Front 573

The Soviet Vietnam.

Back 573

Afghanistan

Front 574

The Soviet supported government of Afghanistan attempted to ________.

Back 574

modernize

Front 575

Afghan warlords opposed _______.

Back 575

land redistribution

Front 576

Afghan Muslims opposed communist _____.

Back 576

atheism

Front 577

When rebels attempted to overthrow the Soviet backed government of Afghanistan _____.

Back 577

Soviet troops moved in

Front 578

Muslim religious warriors who fought the Soviets in Afghanistan.

Back 578

Mujahedin

Front 579

Soviet leader who came to power and urged reforms in 1985.

Back 579

Mikhail Gorbachev

Front 580

Signed arms control treaties with the U.S. and pulled Soviet troops out of Afghanistan.

Back 580

Mikhail Gorbachev

Front 581

Gorbachev's policy of openness and ending censorship.

Back 581

glasnost

Front 582

Gorbachev's policy of restructuring the government and the economy.

Back 582

perestroika

Front 583

Gorbachev's policies actually spread unrest across the ______.

Back 583

Soviet empire

Front 584

Independent labor union that demanded changes in Poland.

Back 584

Solidarity

Front 585

Leader of Solidarity and eventually president of Poland.

Back 585

Lech Walesa

Front 586

Dissident writer and human rights activists who gets elected president of Czechoslovakia.

Back 586

Vaclav Havel

Front 587

The Berlin Wall came down in 1989 and in 1990 __________.

Back 587

Germany was reunified

Front 588

When Gorbachev was prepared to sign a treaty reducing the power of the soviet government in 1991 ______________.

Back 588

Communist hardliners tried to seize control

Front 589

Russian President who defied the Communist hardliners and forced them to give up control.

Back 589

Boris Yeltsin

Front 590

On December 8, 1991, leaders of the Soviet Republics agreed to _______.

Back 590

dissolve the Soviet Union

Front 591

In 1992 it was divided into Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

Back 591

Czechoslovakia

Front 592

In the 1940s, tension between Hindus and Muslims led to violence in ______.

Back 592

India

Front 593

The British decided to partition India into ____.

Back 593

two countries

Front 594

After the British partition areas where Hindus were a majority became ____.

Back 594

India

Front 595

After the British partition areas where Muslims were a majority became _____.

Back 595

Pakistan

Front 596

Pakistan and India became independent nations in _____.

Back 596

1947

Front 597

After the partition of India millions of Muslims and Hindus moved to the country where their _________.

Back 597

faith was the majority

Front 598

As Muslims and Hindus moved to new countries on the Indian sub-continent they often ____.

Back 598

attacked and killed each other

Front 599

India and Pakistan have fought wars over the disputed region of ________.

Back 599

Kashmir

Front 600

The tension between India and Pakistan is of even greater concern to the rest of the world because they both have developed ______.

Back 600

nuclear weapons

Front 601

The British colony of Ceylon gained independence in 1948 and changed its name in 1972 to _____.

Back 601

Sri Lanka

Front 602

In Sri Lanka the minority Hindu Tamils have fought for a separate nation against the majority _____.

Back 602

Sinhalese Buddhist majority

Front 603

India's first Prime Minister made attempts to improve the conditions of the dalits (outcastes).

Back 603

Jawaharlal Nehru

Front 604

When Nehru died in office his daughter replaced him in office.

Back 604

Indira Gandhi

Front 605

Religious minority in India but the majority in the province of Punjab.

Back 605

Sikhs

Front 606

In 1984, in an effort to gain independence for Punjab, Sikhs occupied their holiest shrine the __________.

Back 606

Golden Temple

Front 607

After talks failed she sent troops to oust the Sikhs from the Golden Temple and Thousands of Sikhs were killed.

Back 607

Indira Gandhi

Front 608

She was killed by her Sikh bodyguards.

Back 608

Indira Gandhi

Front 609

World's most populated democracy.

Back 609

India

Front 610

A thousand miles separated West Pakistan from _______.

Back 610

East Pakistan

Front 611

In 1971 the Bengalis declared East Pakistan an independent nation ____.

Back 611

Bangladesh

Front 612

Pakistan tried to crush the Bengali rebels, but the rebels were successful because of support from ___.

Back 612

India

Front 613

A new movement started in 1955 which supported political and diplomatic independence from both Cold War superpowers.

Back 613

nonalignment

Front 614

In Southeast Asia Thailand and Malaysia have prospered as __________.

Back 614

market economies

Front 615

In Southeast Asia Myanmar has suffered under _____.

Back 615

autocratic government

Front 616

A nation of 13,000 islands gained independence after WWII and is 90% Muslim.

Back 616

Indonesia

Front 617

When Indonesia first won independence it was ____.

Back 617

democratic

Front 618

In 1966, an army general, Suharto took power and ruled as dictator until 1998.

Back 618

Indonesia

Front 619

After Suharto was forced to resign in 1998, a series of democratically elected governments tried to restore stability.

Back 619

Indonesia

Front 620

In 1975 Indonesia seized the former Portuguese colony _____.

Back 620

East Timor

Front 621

Mostly Catholic fought and gained independence from Indonesia in 2002.

Back 621

East Timor

Front 622

Gained freedom from U.S. control in 1946.

Back 622

Philippines.

Front 623

The Filipino constitution created a democratic government but politics were controlled by a ______.

Back 623

wealthy elite

Front 624

Elected President of the Philippines in 1965, abandoned democracy and made himself dictator.

Back 624

Ferdinand Marcos

Front 625

When Marcos finally held elections in 1986 she was elected.

Back 625

Corazon Aquino

Front 626

Marcos tried to deny the results and prevent Aquino from becoming president, but demonstrations in Manila forced him to resign.

Back 626

"people power" revolution

Front 627

In the Philippines, communist and Muslim rebels continue to _______.

Back 627

fight across the country

Front 628

After WWII many African nations demanded independence, a few developed peace and democracy, but most experienced _________.

Back 628

civil wars, military rule, or corrupt dictators

Front 629

Because Europeans had divided Africa into colonies without regard for ethnic groups, when African countries did gain independence they often had ________.

Back 629

ethnic conflicts

Front 630

Most of the people in the Middle East are ______. (religion)

Back 630

Muslim

Front 631

There are Christian and other religious minorities in the Middle East and Israel is largely _______.

Back 631

Jewish

Front 632

Borders drawn by Europeans divided their homeland among Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.

Back 632

Kurds

Front 633

In all the countries where they live Kurds are a _____.

Back 633

minority

Front 634

Kurds have faced the greatest discrimination in ________.

Back 634

Turkey & Iraq

Front 635

Jews had been driven out of what is today Palestine in the first century, but started to return in the _______.

Back 635

1800s

Front 636

The Holocaust created worldwide support for a _______.

Back 636

Jewish Homeland in Palestine

Front 637

After WWII Jews migrated in large numbers to ______.

Back 637

Palestine

Front 638

The U.N. drew up a plan to divide Palestine into an ______.

Back 638

Arab and a Jewish state

Front 639

Rejected the idea of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Back 639

Arabs

Front 640

When Britain withdrew from Palestine the Jews proclaimed the independent state of ______.

Back 640

Israel

Front 641

After Israel declared its independence the Arabs ______.

Back 641

launched the first of several wars against them

Front 642

Victors in the Arab Israeli wars.

Back 642

Israel

Front 643

As a result of the first Arab Israeli war 700,000 Palestinian Arabs ________.

Back 643

fled Palestine

Front 644

The Middle East is of great importance to the U.S. and other powers because of its huge ______.

Back 644

oil reserves

Front 645

The Middle East nations with large oil reserves are part of _________.

Back 645

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Front 646

In 1973, OPEC blocked oil shipments to the U.S. to protest the ________.

Back 646

U.S. support of Israel

Front 647

The OPEC oil embargo contributed to a _____.

Back 647

World Wide Recession

Front 648

Some Middle Eastern countries have secular, or non-religious, _________.

Back 648

governments & laws

Front 649

By the 1970s some Muslim leaders were calling for a return to ___________.

Back 649

Sharia law

Front 650

Laws based upon the Quran and the Hadith.

Back 650

Sharia law

Front 651

Their rights are severely limited in countries governed by Sharia law.

Back 651

Women

Front 652

Is strategically important because it shares a border with Israel and controls the Suez Canal.

Back 652

Egypt

Front 653

Seized power in Egypt in 1952, worked to modernize Egypt and end Western domination.

Back 653

Gamel Abdel Nasser

Front 654

Nationalized the Suez Canal ending British and French Control. (person)

Back 654

Gamel Abdel Nasser

Front 655

Nasser fought two unsuccessful wars against __.

Back 655

Israel

Front 656

Nasser's successor who made peace with Israel.

Back 656

Anwar Sadat

Front 657

Assassinated Anwar Sadat for not ending corruption & poverty & for making peace with Israel.

Back 657

Muslim fundamentalists (Islamists)

Front 658

Ruled Iran, with U.S. support.

Back 658

Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Front 659

The Shah's attempts to Westernize Iran upset _________.

Back 659

Islamic Fundamentalists

Front 660

The Shah's secret police used terror to drive his critics into ______.

Back 660

exile

Front 661

In the 1970s the Shah's foes rallied behind the cleric ___________.

Back 661

Ayatollah Khomeini

Front 662

Massive protests drove the Shah into exile, Khomeini returned and Iran became an ____.

Back 662

Islamic Republic

Front 663

After the Iranian Revolution Islamists seized the American embassy and held 52 Americans ____.

Back 663

hostage for more than a year

Front 664

Many wars and conflicts have arisen over _______.

Back 664

ethnic or religious differences.

Front 665

Religious and ethnic differences have often led to _______.

Back 665

civil wars

Front 666

A war between the people of the same country.

Back 666

civil war

Front 667

Though they have great religious and ethnic diversity they have avoided internal conflict because they have distributed economic and political power among various groups. (2 Southeast Asian nations)

Back 667

Malaysia and Singapore

Front 668

Conflicts occur because one religious or ethnic group believes it is being ________.

Back 668

discriminated against by another group.

Front 669

Were excluded from power by the Sinhalese Buddhists.

Back 669

Hindu Tamils

Front 670

Rebelled against the Sinhalese Buddhists in Sri Lanka

Back 670

Hindu Tamils

Front 671

Would not agree to a ceasefire until 2002 when the Sri Lanka government agreed to negotiations for a separate ______________.

Back 671

Tamil regional government

Front 672

Felt they were mistreated by the English speaking majority in Canada.

Back 672

French speaking people in Quebec

Front 673

French speaking people in Quebec were able to get support for their language and culture through ____.

Back 673

democratic means

Front 674

Won independence from Great Britain in 1922.

Back 674

Ireland

Front 675

Six northern counties which remained apart of Great Britain and had a protestant majority.

Back 675

Northern Ireland

Front 676

Faced economic and political discrimination in Northern Ireland.

Back 676

Catholics

Front 677

The majority faith in the Republic of Ireland.

Back 677

Catholic

Front 678

The Catholics in Northern Ireland wanted Northern Ireland unified with the __________.

Back 678

Republic of Ireland.

Front 679

Attacked Protestants in Northern Ireland and engaged in terrorism against Britain.

Back 679

Irish Republican Army (IRA)

Front 680

Attacked Catholics in Northern Ireland.

Back 680

Protestant militia

Front 681

Protestants and Catholics signed a peace accord in Ireland in 1998.

Back 681

Good Friday Agreement

Front 682

Even after the Good Friday Agreement there were still episodes of violence in ______.

Back 682

Northern Ireland

Front 683

In several former Soviet Republics ethnic minorities fought for freedom from ______.

Back 683

domination by the republics' majority

Front 684

Chechen Muslims fought to free Chechnya from ____.

Back 684

Russia

Front 685

In the mid-1990s Russia brutally crushed a _______.

Back 685

Chechen revolt

Front 686

In 1999 when new fighting erupted Russian troops won control of Grozny the _____.

Back 686

Capital of Chechnya

Front 687

When some Chechens turned to terrorist attacks elsewhere in Russia, Russians claimed the Chechens rebels were linked to _____.

Back 687

Muslim terrorists in other parts of the world.

Front 688

In the 1990s Yugoslavia was torn apart by _______.

Back 688

ethnic, nationalist, & religious tensions.

Front 689

Serbs, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Croats, Slovenes, Bosniaks and Albanians made up the ethnic groups of ___.

Back 689

Yugoslavia

Front 690

Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Macedonia were the _______.

Back 690

six republics of Yugoslavia before 1991

Front 691

Prior to 1991 Yugoslavia was held together by the communist party dominated by _____.

Back 691

Serbia

Front 692

Serbs were the majority in Serbia but were minorities in the other ___.

Back 692

Yugoslav republics

Front 693

Tried in vane to control Yugoslavia after the fall of communism.

Back 693

Serbians

Front 694

After Croatia and Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 fighting broke out in Croatia between _______.

Back 694

Croats and Serbs

Front 695

By 1992 Macedonia & Bosnia had declared independence from ________.

Back 695

Yugoslavia

Front 696

In 2003 Yugoslavia was renamed _____.

Back 696

Serbia & Montenegro

Front 697

When Bosnia declared independence the Bosnia Serbs fought to set up their own ________.

Back 697

government in Bosnia

Front 698

Bosnia Serbs received money & arms from ______.

Back 698

Serbs in Yugoslavia

Front 699

Fought the Serbs in Bosnia.

Back 699

Muslim Bosniaks

Front 700

Bosnia Serbs engaged in vicious attacks against the Bosniaks called ____.

Back 700

ethnic cleansing

Front 701

Attempts to kill or remove other ethnics to create ethnically "pure" areas.

Back 701

ethnic cleansing

Front 702

Croats attempted it against the Serbs in Croatia.

Back 702

ethnic cleansing

Front 703

Ethnic cleansing sometimes resulted in ______.

Back 703

mass executions

Front 704

The Bosnian Serbs and the other warring parties were forced to negotiate by ______.

Back 704

NATO air strikes

Front 705

Ended the war in Bosnia in 1995.

Back 705

Dayton Accords

Front 706

Serbian province that was 90% Albanian.

Back 706

Kosovo

Front 707

Serbian President who in 1989 began oppressing Kosovar Albanians.

Back 707

Slobodan Milosevic

Front 708

After peaceful protests led to greater repression Albanian guerrillas from Kosovo began in the mid-1990s to attack _____.

Back 708

Serbian targets

Front 709

In 1999, NATO launched strikes against _______.

Back 709

Serbia

Front 710

In Kosovo the Yugoslavian/Serbian military attempted it against the Albanians.

Back 710

ethnic cleansing

Front 711

Forced Yugoslavia to withdraw its forces from Kosovo.

Back 711

NATO air strikes

Front 712

Restored the peace in Kosovo.

Back 712

U.N. & NATO forces

Front 713

Although Kosovo remained a part of Serbia in theory after 1999 it was under the control of the ___.

Back 713

UN

Front 714

When South Africa won independence in 1910, freedom was limited to the minority ________.

Back 714

White settlers

Front 715

Expanded system of racial segregation in South Africa began in 1948.

Back 715

Apartheid

Front 716

The main organization that opposed apartheid and led the struggle for majority rule. Outlawed in 1960.

Back 716

African National Congress (ANC)

Front 717

In 1960 police gunned down 69 men, women, and children during a peaceful demonstration in a black township in South Africa

Back 717

Sharpeville Massacre

Front 718

Pushed the ANC to shift from nonviolent protest to armed struggle.

Back 718

Sharpeville Massacre

Front 719

At first organized young South Africans to peacefully resist apartheid laws.

Back 719

Nelson Mandela

Front 720

As government violence grew he joined militants who called for armed struggle.

Back 720

Nelson Mandela

Front 721

ANC leader.

Back 721

Nelson Mandela

Front 722

Arrested, tried and condemned to life in prison for treason against apartheid.

Back 722

Nelson Mandela

Front 723

Even in prison he was a powerful leader and symbol in the struggle for freedom in South Africa.

Back 723

Nelson Mandela

Front 724

In 1984 a South African bishop who won the Nobel Peace Prize for nonviolent opposition to apartheid.

Back 724

Desmond Tutu

Front 725

South African president pressured to end apartheid.

Back 725

F.W. de Klerk

Front 726

Lifted the ban on the ANC. (1990)

Back 726

F.W. de Klerk

Front 727

Pressured to free Nelson Mandela (1990)

Back 727

F.W. de Klerk

Front 728

In 1994 becomes the country's first true president of a democratic South Africa.

Back 728

Nelson Mandela

Front 729

Since gaining independence from Belgium, in 1962, the central African countries of Rwanda and Burundi have been dominated by the conflict between the _________.

Back 729

Tutsis & Hutus

Front 730

In 1994 when a plane carrying the Hutu presidents of Rwanda & Burundi was shot down Hutu extremists urged civilians to _____.

Back 730

kill their Tutsi & moderate Hutu neighbors

Front 731

In the 1994 massacre in Rwanda about ______.

Back 731

800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutus were killed.

Front 732

After Tutsi rebels win control in Rwanda in 1994 about 1 million Hutus fearful of revenge became ______.

Back 732

refugees in Zaire & Tanzania

Front 733

North eastern country in Africa, that has an Arab Muslim north dominating a non-Muslim, non-Arab south.

Back 733

Sudan

Front 734

Ethnic conflict causes civil war between the Islamic government and the non-Muslim rebels. (Northeastern African country)

Back 734

Sudan

Front 735

Sudan's western region

Back 735

Darfur

Front 736

Area in Sudan where the government backed Arab militias unleashed terror on non-Arab Muslim people.

Back 736

Darfur

Front 737

African nation won independence in 1975 but because its new government favored the Soviet Union, the U.S. aided the rebel groups fighting the new government.

Back 737

Angola

Front 738

Land Arabs lost to Israel through several wars

Back 738

occupied territories

Front 739

Palestine Liberation Organization

Back 739

PLO

Front 740

Organization leading the Palestinian fight against Israel

Back 740

PLO

Front 741

Head of the PLO (for most of its existence)

Back 741

Yasir Arafat

Front 742

Palestinian revolts in occupied territories

Back 742

intifadas

Front 743

The PLO often used this to attack the Israelis

Back 743

terrorism

Front 744

Israel responded to PLO actions with a strong ______.

Back 744

armed forces

Front 745

Palestinian _____ increased with each Israeli attack.

Back 745

bitterness

Front 746

First female Prime Minister of Israel

Back 746

Golda Meir

Front 747

Arab nations attacked Israel in _____(Year) when Golda Meir was trying to negotiate peace

Back 747

1973

Front 748

Israel returned this region to Egypt in a 1979 peace accord

Back 748

Sinai Peninsula

Front 749

Signed in 1993 after direct talks between Israel and the PLO

Back 749

Oslo Accord

Front 750

Hopes for peace in the Israeli region, center on ending this

Back 750

cycle of violence and retaliation

Front 751

outlined a plan proposing Palestinian self-rule in Gaza and the West Bank in exchange for an end to terrorism

Back 751

Oslo Accord

Front 752

Israeli Prime Minister pushing for peace in the 1990s and assassinated for signing the Oslo Accord

Back 752

Yitzhak Rabin

Front 753

An example of radical Palestinian groups who increased terrorist attacks on Israel after many years of little progress following the Oslo accord

Back 753

Hamas

Front 754

U.S. devised plan involving potential withdrawal of Israelis from Gaza

Back 754

"Road Map to Peace"

Front 755

released hundreds of Palestinian prisoners after the death of Yasir Arafat and new pledges from successor Mahmoud Abbas to end attacks

Back 755

Ariel Sharon

Front 756

Three obstacles to peace between Arabs and Israelis

Back 756

original Palestinian land, Israeli settlements in occupied territories, and Jerusalem

Front 757

City sacred to Jews, Muslims and Christians, capital of Israel

Back 757

Jerusalem

Front 758

Arab-Israeli conflict spilled over into this neighboring nation by the 1970s

Back 758

Lebanon

Front 759

Largest and most powerful group in Lebanon when independence was attained.

Back 759

Arab Christians

Front 760

outnumbered Christians in Lebanon and demanded a greater share of power after Palestinians fled into Lebanon from regions that became Israel

Back 760

Muslims

Front 761

Civil war from 1975 to1990 destroyed this commercial center and allowed an Israeli invasion in the South and Syrian occupation in the East.

Back 761

Lebanon

Front 762

Long history of internal and external conflicts due to oil wealth and ethnic diversity. (Middle East Country)

Back 762

Iraq

Front 763

After WW II Iraq's monarchy had close ties to the _______.

Back 763

United States

Front 764

After the 1958 overthrow of their monarchy, Iraq's rulers developed closer ties with the _______.

Back 764

Soviet Union

Front 765

This minority group dominated the political power of Iraq until the country's free elections in 2005

Back 765

Sunni Arabs

Front 766

Iraq's government responded brutally to this groups fight for control of northern Iraq

Back 766

Kurds

Front 767

seized power in Iraq in 1979 and ruled as a dictator until his regime was overthrown by Coalition forces in 2003

Back 767

Saddam Hussein

Front 768

Took advantage of political turmoil in Iran after that nation's Islamic revolution, seizing disputed border regions between Iran and Iraq. (person)

Back 768

Saddam Hussein

Front 769

Won U.S. support during their prolonged war with Iran in the 1980s mainly because of Iran's bitter opposition to the U.S.

Back 769

Iraq

Front 770

During the Iran-Iraq war Hussein used chemical weapons, killing thousands of civilians in ______ villages

Back 770

Kurdish

Front 771

Iraq's 1990 invasion of this oil-rich nation motivated the U.S. to lead coalition forces in a counterattack in 1991

Back 771

Kuwait

Front 772

Under the UN banner, U.S. led forces quickly liberated Kuwait from Iraqi forces in this 1991 conflict.

Back 772

The Gulf War

Front 773

Used torture, terror and execution to maintain control of Shiites and Kurds in Iraq

Back 773

Saddam Hussein

Front 774

Biological, nuclear and chemical weapons

Back 774

weapons of mass destruction

Front 775

Repeatedly violated no-fly zones and failed to cooperate with UN weapons inspectors.

Back 775

Iraq

Front 776

U.S. and British coalition forces topple Hussein and begin occupation of Iraq in ______. (year)

Back 776

2003

Front 777

In 2005 free elections, this majority group won control of the government for the first time in Iraq's history.

Back 777

Shiites

Front 778

Efforts to rebuild Iraq are hampered by these rebels targeting foreigners or Iraqi's cooperating with foreign troops

Back 778

insurgents

Front 779

After WWII the central goal in Africa, Asia, and Latin America was _______.

Back 779

development

Front 780

The process of creating a more advanced economy & higher standard of living.

Back 780

development

Front 781

Nations that are trying to develop economically.

Back 781

developing world

Front 782

Most of the developing world which exists south of the Tropic of Cancer.

Back 782

global South

Front 783

Most of the industrialized nations that are north of the tropic of cancer.

Back 783

global North

Front 784

To pay for development many nations have had to borrow from the __________.

Back 784

global North

Front 785

Developing nations have tried to improve both their ________.

Back 785

agriculture & industry

Front 786

Developing nations have built schools to increase _________.

Back 786

literacy

Front 787

Many nations in the global South for centuries had ________ economies.

Back 787

traditional

Front 788

Traditional economies tend to limit _________.

Back 788

free enterprise

Front 789

After gaining independence some developing countries changed to ______.

Back 789

command economies

Front 790

When developing countries could not repay their loans lenders from the global North often forced them to change to _________.

Back 790

market economies

Front 791

Many developing countries depend on the global North for _________.

Back 791

investment & exports

Front 792

In the 1950s the global South starts to use better seeds, pesticides, and farm equipment.

Back 792

Green Revolution

Front 793

The Green Revolution forced small farmers who couldn't afford the new technology to _________.

Back 793

sell their farms and move to the cities.

Front 794

Because some developing countries were dependent on one export their economies would suffer if the _____.

Back 794

price for that product dropped

Front 795

Because families in developing countries tend to have many children, both for religious reasons and as a source of labor, population growth tends to ___________.

Back 795

outstrip food production

Front 796

Many people moving to the cities in the global South can't find jobs and are forced to live in overcrowded and dangerous _______.

Back 796

shantytowns

Front 797

Often oppose changes that undermine religious traditions.

Back 797

fundamentalists

Front 798

a system in which the government controls parts of the economy.

Back 798

socialism

Front 799

market economies with private ownership of property.

Back 799

capitalism

Front 800

a crop grown for direct sale rather than for personal consumption.

Back 800

cash crop

Front 801

support with government spending.

Back 801

subsidize

Front 802

a change from fertile to desert land.

Back 802

desertification

Front 803

the loss of farmland and pastures to the desert

Back 803

desertification

Front 804

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Back 804

AIDS

Front 805

a disease that has affected millions of Africans

Back 805

AIDS

Front 806

the disease known as AIDS is caused by the virus-

Back 806

HIV

Front 807

damages the body's ability to fight off infections

Back 807

HIV

Front 808

movement of people from rural areas to cities

Back 808

urbanization

Front 809

increased the opportunity for women

Back 809

urban markets

Front 810

brought different ethnic groups together in cities

Back 810

urbanization

Front 811

replaced ethnic loyalties with a larger national identity

Back 811

urbanization

Front 812

weakened traditional cultures

Back 812

urbanization

Front 813

based on African village traditions of cooperation and shared responsibility

Back 813

"African socialism"

Front 814

the government took over banks and businesses and encouraged farmers to move to larger collective farms

Back 814

"African socialism"

Front 815

a species threatened with extinction

Back 815

endangered species

Front 816

author of the "Green Belt Movement"

Back 816

Wangari Maathai

Front 817

economic development that provides lasting well-being for future generations rather than short term

Back 817

sustainable development

Front 818

Student who loves the studyof World History

Back 818

write you name here

Front 819

Served as the leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 through the early 90s, generally credited with developing China into one of the fastest growing economies in the world

Back 819

Deng Xiaoping

Front 820

Deng's program allowing for some features of a free market

Back 820

Four Modernizations

Front 821

Economic reforms in China brought a surge of growth, but with it an economic gap between____.

Back 821

rural poor and wealthy city dwellers

Front 822

Thousands of young Chinese demonstrators pushing for democratic reforms were killed and many others arrested and tortured by government troops

Back 822

Tiananmen Square Massacre

Front 823

China created specific laws to limit _______ growth, to keep it from hurting economic development

Back 823

population

Front 824

Human rights activists have recently pressured China to correct many abuses such as their suppression of this regions ancient Buddhist culture

Back 824

Tibet

Front 825

With a population over 1 billion this nation is the world's largest democracy

Back 825

India

Front 826

One-third of India lives below the _______.

Back 826

poverty line

Front 827

Roman Catholic nun founding the groups providing aid to millions in India suffering from the effects of overpopulation

Back 827

Mother Teresa

Front 828

Despite a constitution banning this, it still exists among the caste system of India

Back 828

discrimination

Front 829

To reduce the need for foreign goods many Latin American governments adopted this policy.

Back 829

Import substitution

Front 830

Due to its high cost Latin governments began to give up ___________, because of high cost

Back 830

Import substitution

Front 831

Giant commercial farms

Back 831

Agribusiness

Front 832

Latin governments have backed __________ through irrigation and by clearing forested areas.

Back 832

Agribusiness

Front 833

__________ in Mexico City and Sao Paulo are among the largest in the world.

Back 833

Shantytowns

Front 834

Movement that urged churches to become a force for reform.

Back 834

Liberation theology

Front 835

Crusade for social justice and an end to poverty by nuns and priests in Latin America during the 1960s and 70s.

Back 835

Liberation theology

Front 836

These groups linked to governments in Latin countries killed when social unrest became prominent.

Back 836

Death Squads

Front 837

This group was formed in 1948 to promote democracy, economic cooperation, human rights.

Back 837

Organization of American States (OAS)

Front 838

In 1977, the United States signed treaties to turn control over of ________ in 2000.

Back 838

The Panama Canal

Front 839

The ____________ were a group of Nicaraguan socialist rebels who took control from the ruling family.

Back 839

Sandinistas

Front 840

U.S. President backed ______________, in Nicaragua to fight against the Sandinistas.

Back 840

Contras

Front 841

Guerillas who fought against the Sandinistas in Nicaragua.

Back 841

Contras

Front 842

Many people in Argentina fled the country while he ruled the country

Back 842

Juan Peron

Front 843

He increased the governments role, raised wages, and backed labor unions as the president of Argentina.

Back 843

Juan Peron

Front 844

After being ousted as president in 1955 he was again elected as president of Argentina in 1973.

Back 844

Juan Peron

Front 845

The end of the Cold War resulted in the development of a ________ economy.

Back 845

global

Front 846

After the Cold War more people immigrated to Europe from the ____.

Back 846

developing world

Front 847

With the increase of immigration from developing countries to Europe _____________.

Back 847

unemployment rose

Front 848

The European Economic Community became the ________.

Back 848

European Union (EU)

Front 849

The EU countries shared a common currency the ____.

Back 849

Euro

Front 850

By the early 2000s some Eastern European nations had joined the __.

Back 850

EU

Front 851

Older EU members were concerned that the new Eastern European members had ____.

Back 851

weaker economies

Front 852

In addition to the EU some Eastern European nations also joined ____.

Back 852

NATO

Front 853

After the breakup of the Soviet Union Russia became a ________ economy.

Back 853

market

Front 854

Increased as Russia transitioned to a market economy.

Back 854

inflation, unemployment, & crime

Front 855

In 1998 Russia defaulted on much of its ____________.

Back 855

foreign debt

Front 856

Became the Russian President in 2000.

Back 856

Vladimir Putin

Front 857

Promised to end corruption & make Russia's economy stronger but also increased governmental control and cut back on individual liberties.

Back 857

Vladimir Putin

Front 858

World's only super power after the Cold War.

Back 858

United States

Front 859

Was involved in Middle East Peace talks, war in Iraq, and peacekeeping operations in Haiti.

Back 859

United States

Front 860

In the 1990s the U.S. produced a budget _______.

Back 860

surplus

Front 861

Government takes in more than it spends.

Back 861

surplus

Front 862

Slow economic growth and high military spending in the 2000s resulted in the U.S. having budget _____.

Back 862

deficits

Front 863

Government spends more than it takes in.

Back 863

deficit

Front 864

Vast region of nations that border the Pacific Ocean

Back 864

Pacific Rim

Front 865

Since the end of the Cold War it has become increasingly important to the global economy.

Back 865

Pacific Rim

Front 866

Grew into an economic power house after WWII but since the 1990s its economy has begun to slow.

Back 866

Japan

Front 867

Because of the economic growth of Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea these nations have been called the ___________.

Back 867

"Asian tigers"

Front 868

the dependence of countries on each other for goods, resources, knowledge, and labor from other parts of the world

Back 868

interdependence

Front 869

using low-paid workers in developing nations to produce manufactured goods cheaply

Back 869

outsourcing

Front 870

the practice of sending work to developing countries to save money or increase efficiency

Back 870

outsourcing

Front 871

any property that has exchange value

Back 871

asset

Front 872

companies that have branches in other countries and sell throughout the world

Back 872

multinational corporations

Front 873

has encouraged multinational corporations

Back 873

globalization

Front 874

this happens in a country or nation and can have global impacts

Back 874

economic crises

Front 875

in an interdependent world, this plays a huge role

Back 875

natural resources

Front 876

the year OPEC raised oil prices and limited oil exports

Back 876

1973

Front 877

non-governmental organizations

Back 877

NGO's

Front 878

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Back 878

GATT

Front 879

WTO

Back 879

World Trade Organization

Front 880

use of tariffs and other restrictions that protect a country's home industries against competition

Back 880

protectionism

Front 881

Great Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United States and Russia are countries that comprise the

Back 881

G-8

Front 882

a regional group that promotes trade and meets common needs

Back 882

blocks

Front 883

largest block in the world

Back 883

EU (European Union)

Front 884

North American Free Trade Association

Back 884

NAFTA

Front 885

the United States, Canada and Mexico are a block called

Back 885

NAFTA

Front 886

a regional block that went into effect in 1994

Back 886

NAFTA

Front 887

a block of Pacific rimmed nations is called Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Back 887

APEC

Front 888

after crude oil is the most actively traded commodity

Back 888

coffee

Front 889

a movement that ensures coffee growers receive a fair price for their crops is called

Back 889

fair trade agreement

Front 890

consumers have a greater variety of goods and services available to them because of

Back 890

globalization

Front 891

a group of people bound together opposed to globalization

Back 891

anti-globalizers

Front 892

claim rich counties exploit poor or developing nations

Back 892

anti-globalizers

Front 893

the ability to meet the needs of the present without harming future generations

Back 893

sustainability

Front 894

Involves social and environmental issues that requires world attention and solutions in addition to the positives of economic and technological links

Back 894

Globalization

Front 895

Half the world's population lives on less than ____ a day

Back 895

$2

Front 896

Examples of nations who have enjoyed economic growth and less poverty but extreme poverty still exists

Back 896

India and China

Front 897

Organizations like the World Bank believe that erasing poverty is essential to global ___________.

Back 897

security and peace

Front 898

are often the cause of death, destruction and unsanitary conditions that can have a ripple effect on global economy

Back 898

natural disasters

Front 899

Poverty, disasters, and wars have forced many people to become

Back 899

refugees

Front 900

Two examples of international agreements that have tried to guarantee basic human rights around the world

Back 900

Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Helsinki Accords

Front 901

Industrialization and the world population explosion have hurt the ___________.

Back 901

environment

Front 902

Commonly debated topic of the 21st century that refers to the rise in the Earth's temperature, from human activity such as the burning of fossil fuels, that could bring about devastating geographical changes

Back 902

global warming

Front 903

2005 treaty signed by over 140 countries (not the U.S.) to lower the emissions of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases that contribute to global warming

Back 903

Kyoto Protocol

Front 904

The purpose of this treaty was to ensure that nuclear weapons did not spread to countries that did not already have them.

Back 904

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT)

Front 905

The use of violence, especially against civilians, by groups of extremists, which is sometimes backed by governments that protect and fund them.

Back 905

Terrorism

Front 906

They use headline-grabbing tactics to draw attention to their demands.

Back 906

Terrorists

Front 907

This group of terrorists in Spain seek to compel the government to allow them to secede.

Back 907

ETA (Basque)

Front 908

The __________ in Sri Lanka use bombings and guerilla warfare to try to achieve their goal of founding a separate state.

Back 908

Tamil Tigers

Front 909

This geographic region has become a training ground and source of terrorism.

Back 909

Middle East

Front 910

One of the powerful Islamic fundamentalist groups has this name, which means "the Base"

Back 910

al Qaeda

Front 911

He helped the warlords of Afghanistan drive the Soviets out of the country in the 1980s.

Back 911

Osama bin Laden

Front 912

By 2000, he was providing aid, training, and money to scattered terrorists groups from Morocco to Indonesia.

Back 912

Osama bin Laden

Front 913

This Islamic fundamentalist group in Afghanistan refused to turn over suspected terrorists to the United States after the September 11th attacks.

Back 913

Taliban

Front 914

After the September 11th attacks this governmental agency was formed to deal with aspects of the countries overall security.

Back 914

Department of Homeland Security

Front 915

In the past few years the U.S. and other European countries have tried to dissuade _____________ and ___________ to from developing nuclear weapons.

Back 915

Iran and North Korea

Front 916

President George W. Bush declared that __________ was the best deterrent to terrorism and regional unrest.

Back 916

the spread of democracy

Front 917

________________ was encouraged by a lack of basic resources in many Arab nations.

Back 917

Islamic fundamentalism

Front 918

This Lebanese group was formed after Israel invaded Lebanon.

Back 918

Hezbollah

Front 919

This group used terrorist tactics to force Britain to give up Northern Ireland.

Back 919

Irish Republic Army (IRA)

Front 920

Since 1945, scientific research & technological developments have ______.

Back 920

transformed human life

Front 921

In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite _____.

Back 921

Sputnik

Front 922

Sputnik set off the ______.

Back 922

"space race"

Front 923

The U.S. landed the first human on the moon in _____ (year)

Back 923

1969

Front 924

During the Cold War both the U.S. & the U.S.S.R. explored the ____ uses of space.

Back 924

military

Front 925

Greatest example of the U.S., Russia and other nations working together in space exploration.

Back 925

International Space Station

Front 926

Replaced typewriters & account books in homes & offices.

Back 926

Personal computers

Front 927

Links computer systems world wide, allows people to communicate instantly & access vast amounts of information.

Back 927

internet

Front 928

Applies biological knowledge to industry, engineering and technology.

Back 928

biotechnology

Front 929

Help prevent the spread of disease.

Back 929

vaccines

Front 930

In the 1970s, surgeons learned to transplant _______.

Back 930

human organs

Front 931

Have made many types of surgery safer and more precise.

Back 931

lasers

Front 932

The manipulation, or changing of genetic material to produce a specific result.

Back 932

Genetic engineering

Front 933

Has produced new drugs to fight disease and created hardier strains of fruits & vegetables.

Back 933

Genetic research

Front 934

Process of creating identical organisms from the cell of a host organism.

Back 934

Genetic cloning

Front 935

Has raised ethical issues about how science should be used to change or create life.

Back 935

Genetic cloning