Mccurdy World History Ch. 4 & 5 The Age Of Absolutism & The Enlightentment

Front 1

Government where the power of the crown is unchecked.

Back 1

Absolute Monarchy

Front 2

Another name for the Age of Monarchs.

Back 2

Age of Absolutism.

Front 3

Strongest nation in Europe during the 1500s and early 1600s.

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Spain

Front 4

Was both the Holy Roman Emperor and the king of Spain.

Back 4

Charles V

Front 5

Dynasty of Charles V and Philip II.

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Hapsburg

Front 6

When Charles V divided his empire his son Phillip II became _________.

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King of Spain

Front 7

Strongest monarch during Spanish supremacy

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Philip II

Front 8

Philip II and other absolute monarchs believed they were kings by ________.

Back 8

Divine Right

Front 9

The idea that royal power is granted by God.

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Divine Right of Kings

Front 10

He used wealth (gold & silver) from colonies to build the largest and strongest army in Europe.

Back 10

Philip II

Front 11

Philip II saw Spain as the defender of the __________.

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Catholic Faith

Front 12

He involved Spain in wars against the enemies of Catholicism. (Protestants, Muslims etc.)

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Philip II

Front 13

Philip II attempted to force all non-Catholics to ________________.

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convert or leave Spain

Front 14

Was used as a reign of terror to extract all non-catholic elements from Spain.

Back 14

Spanish Inquisition

Front 15

This source of wealth enabled Spain to become the strongest nation in Europe.

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American Colonies

Front 16

Philip II sent it to invade England.

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Spanish Armada

Front 17

It's defeat in 1588 was the beginning of Spain's decline as the leading European power.

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Spanish Armada

Front 18

In the late 1500s, France was torn by religious conflict between ___________.

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Catholics & Huguenots

Front 19

French Protestant Calvinists

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Huguenots

Front 20

First Bourbon King

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Henry of Navarre/Henry IV

Front 21

Established the Edict Nantes

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Henry IV

Front 22

Gave French Protestants religious freedom in 1598.

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Edict of Nantes

Front 23

Real Ruler during the reign of Louis XIII

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Cardinal Richelieu

Front 24

Involved Catholic France in the 30 years war on the side of the protestants.

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Cardinal Richelieu

Front 25

Was triggered by a rebellion of Bohemian protestants.

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Thirty Years War

Front 26

Started over religion ended up over the balance of power.

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Thirty Years War

Front 27

Ended the 30 years war.

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Peace of Westphalia

Front 28

Made France the strongest country in Europe

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Peace of Westphalia

Front 29

Louis XIV Minister of Finance

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Colbert

Front 30

A tax on imports

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Protective tariff

Front 31

Sun King ruled France from 1643 to 1715.

Back 31

Louis XIV

Front 32

He weakened the power of the nobles by inviting them to live in Luxury in his palace.

Back 32

Louis XIV

Front 33

Strongest French Monarch

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Louis XIV

Front 34

In 1685 Louis XIV revoked the _______.

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Edict of Nantes

Front 35

Strongest nation in Europe during the 1600's

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France

Front 36

Small nations band together to keep a strong nation from dominating.

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Balance of Power

Front 37

War fought to Keep Louis XIV's grandson off the throne of Spain

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War of Spanish Succession

Front 38

Ended the War of Spanish Succession

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Treaty of Utrecht

Front 39

Broke French Treasury and military power

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War of Spanish Succession

Front 40

Prevented the alliance of France and Spain

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Treaty of Utrecht

Front 41

His policies brought France near financial ruin and created class conflict

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Louis XIV

Front 42

Philip II's English rival.

Back 42

Elizabeth I

Front 43

Ruled England from 1558 to 1603.

Back 43

Elizabeth I

Front 44

English captains that captured Spanish Treasure ships and defeated the Spanish Armada.

Back 44

Sea Dogs

Front 45

Ruled England from 1558 to 1603, last Tudor monarch.

Back 45

Elizabeth I

Front 46

First Stuart Monarch believed in the Divine Right of Kings.

Back 46

James I

Front 47

Those who believed in the Divine Right of Kings believed Monarchs were only answerable to ___.

Back 47

God

Front 48

Succeeded James I as King of England.

Back 48

Charles I

Front 49

His reign ended in England's civil war

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Charles I

Front 50

It was fought over who should rule England: Monarch or Parliament.

Back 50

English Civil War

Front 51

Those who supported Charles I in the English Civil War

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Cavaliers

Front 52

Those who supported Parliament in the English Civil War

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Roundheads

Front 53

Roundheads were mainly _____.(religion)

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Puritans

Front 54

Led parliament's army to victory in the English Civil War.

Back 54

Oliver Cromwell

Front 55

The English Parliament tried and executed _________.

Back 55

Charles I

Front 56

The House of Commons abolished monarchy and declared England a republic called the ____.

Back 56

commonwealth

Front 57

Cromwell drove out Parliament and set up a ________.

Back 57

military dictatorship

Front 58

Name for Cromwell's military dictatorship

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Protectorate

Front 59

Cromwell's dictatorship enforced a _______.

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Puritan moral Code

Front 60

Cromwell did not tolerate open worship for ___.

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Catholics

Front 61

Richard Cromwell succeeded his father as Lord Protector of England, but when England tired of strict Puritan ways he was deposed by a ___.

Back 61

Military coup

Front 62

He was invited by Parliament to come back from exile and become king.

Back 62

Charles II

Front 63

The return of Charles II as King of England

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Restoration

Front 64

Restoration date

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A.D. 1660

Front 65

The Restoration gave England a ______.

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Constitutional monarchy

Front 66

Catholic brother and successor to Charles II.

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James II

Front 67

English feared that James II would make Catholicism the _______.

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State Religion

Front 68

Name for the bloodless deposing of James II.

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Glorious Revolution

Front 69

William & Mary were given joint rule of England after the Glorious Revolution but they first had accept the ____.

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English Bill of Rights

Front 70

The English Bill of Rights made sure Parliament had more power than the ruler and established ________.

Back 70

limited monarchy

Front 71

Date of the Glorious Revolution

Back 71

AD 1688

Front 72

Was selected by leading German princes, from the leading German princes, but in reality did not have much power (at least not over the other German states).

Back 72

Holy Roman Emperor

Front 73

Allowed Maria Theresa to inherit the Throne of Austria

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Pragmatic Sanction

Front 74

Maria Theresa' dynasty.

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Hapsburg

Front 75

Dynasty that ruled Prussia during the Age of Monarchs.

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Hohenzollern

Front 76

Centralized Prussian Government. Made Prussian army the most efficient fighting force in Europe.

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Frederick William I

Front 77

Most powerful ruler in Prussian History

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Frederick II (the Great)

Front 78

He rejected the Pragmatic Sanction and started the war of Austrian Succession

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Frederick II (the Great)

Front 79

Maria Theresa keeps the throne of Austria, Austria loses Silesia.

Back 79

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Front 80

Starts as a struggle between Austria & Prussia becomes a struggle between England & France.

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Seven Years War

Front 81

Name of the Seven Years war in America

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French and Indian War

Front 82

In 1650 Russia was an isolated and _________.

Back 82

backward country

Front 83

Title of the Russian ruler.

Back 83

Czar

Front 84

Czar who worked to modernize/Westernize Russia

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Peter the Great

Front 85

Peter the Great was an ________.

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absolute monarch

Front 86

Peter fought the Swedes and the Turks to gain a ________.

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warm water port

Front 87

Peter the Great built the new capital of Russia_______.

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St. Petersburg

Front 88

She followed the lead of Peter the Great in embracing Western ideas and expanding Russia's borders.

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Catharine the Great

Front 89

Intellectual movement of the 17th & 18th centuries.

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Enlightenment

Front 90

The Enlightenment celebrated the powers of ______.

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Reason

Front 91

Enlightenment thinkers promoted religious ____________.

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toleration

Front 92

Enlightenment thinkers sough to construct government free of_____________.

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tyranny

Front 93

Enlightenment thinkers believed all problems could be solved with__________.

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reason

Front 94

The Enlightenment was prompted by the __________ (1500s & 1600s).

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Scientific Revolution

Front 95

Sun is the center of the Solar System.

Back 95

Heliocentric theory

Front 96

He developed the Heliocentric theory.

Back 96

Copernicus

Front 97

He developed a telescope and supported the Heliocentric theory.

Back 97

Galileo

Front 98

Probably more responsible for the development of scientific method than any other individual.

Back 98

Galileo Galilei

Front 99

Galileo was forced to recant by the ____________.

Back 99

Catholic Church

Front 100

Demonstrated that planets move in ellipses/ovals.

Back 100

Johannes Kepler

Front 101

His discoveries changed the view of the universe more than anyone else's

Back 101

Isaac Newton

Front 102

He laid the foundations for the scientific theories that subsequently revolutionized the world

Back 102

Isaac Newton

Front 103

Newton developed the theory of ____________.

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Gravity

Front 104

Newton discovered that the universe is governed by__________.

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natural laws

Front 105

Newton's discoveries led people to view the universe as _________.

Back 105

mechanical

Front 106

He developed Calculus.

Back 106

Isaac Newton

Front 107

Hobbes, Locke& Rousseau were all considered _________.

Back 107

social contract theorists

Front 108

Because Thomas Hobbes believed; governments were created to protect people from their own selfishness, he believed they _______..

Back 108

never had the right to revolt.

Front 109

Form of Government advocated by Thomas Hobbes.

Back 109

Absolute Monarchy

Front 110

He believed people had Natural Rights to life, liberty and property.

Back 110

John Locke

Front 111

John Locke believed the foundation of Government was a __________.

Back 111

Social Contract

Front 112

John Locke Believed that if people's natural rights were NOT protected, they had the_________.

Back 112

Right to revolt

Front 113

John Locke wrote in defense of the___________.

Back 113

Glorious Revolution

Front 114

French Thinkers of the enlightenment.

Back 114

Philosophes (not philosophers)

Front 115

Philosophe who campaigned against intolerance. (wrote Candide).

Back 115

Voltaire

Front 116

He combined enlightenment thinking into an Encyclopedia.

Back 116

Diderot

Front 117

Banned Diderot's Encyclopedia.

Back 117

Catholic Church

Front 118

Diderot was _________ for his writings in the Encyclopedia.

Back 118

imprisoned

Front 119

Advocated a free market economy in the Wealth of Nations.

Back 119

Adam Smith

Front 120

Name for complete free market economy (leave it alone).

Back 120

Laissez faire

Front 121

He believed the best way to protect people's liberties was by separating the power of government into legislative, executive and judicial branches.

Back 121

Montesquieu

Front 122

Criticized the enlightenment's excessive emphasis on reason, he believed people needed to rely more on emotion and instinct.

Back 122

Rousseau

Front 123

Meetings for the discussion of ideas.

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Salons

Front 124

He believed you should set aside traditional beliefs and rely on observation and experiment. Early proponent of the scientific method.

Back 124

Francis Bacon

Front 125

He believed you should doubt everything which cannot be proved, and in the search for truth you should start NOT with faith but with doubt.

Back 125

Rene Descartes

Front 126

The only thing Descartes found that he could not doubt was his ________.

Back 126

own existence

Front 127

"I think therefore I am."

Back 127

Rene Descartes

Front 128

Doubt and question all ideas.

Back 128

Skepticism

Front 129

A denial of the possibility of knowledge

Back 129

Skepticism

Front 130

Total skeptic.

Back 130

David Hume

Front 131

He denied that there was any logical basis for knowing that one thing caused another. Denied knowledge of cause & effect.

Back 131

David Hume

Front 132

He believed that reason could NOT be used to explain questions of metaphysics.

Back 132

Immanuel Kant

Front 133

Tries to answer ultimate and universal questions.

Back 133

Metaphysics

Front 134

Kant believed that things that cannot be perceived in ________ cannot be known.

Back 134

experience

Front 135

John Locke believed the mind to be a __________.

Back 135

Tabula rasa(blank slate)

Front 136

Religion based on reason and natural law, the Enlightenment's religion.

Back 136

Deism

Front 137

Belief that God started the universe like a perfect clock and then left it alone.

Back 137

Deism

Front 138

Some people reacted to the Enlightenment and did not believe that _________ could explain the universe.

Back 138

reason alone

Front 139

Monarchs who used their power to bring about positive political and social changes.

Back 139

Enlightened Despots

Front 140

When Britain tried to tighten its control over the colonies after the French and Indian War, the colonies _____.

Back 140

reacted

Front 141

Because the American colonists believed they were being taxed without their representation and thus denied their natural rights they ___.

Back 141

declared their independence.

Front 142

Created a government with Montesquieu's separation of powers and a federal system.

Back 142

U.S. Constitution

Front 143

Governmental power (sovereignty) is divided between a central government and regional governments.

Back 143

Federalism