Mccurdy Us History Ch. 18 World War Ii Americans At War

Front 1

Brought the U.S. into World War II.

Back 1

Bombing of Pearl Harbor

Front 2

Planned and executed the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Back 2

Admiral Yamamoto

Front 3

The U.S. entered World War II in ________. (year)

Back 3

1941

Front 4

The Selective Service Act in 1940 was the first U.S. _________.

Back 4

peacetime draft

Front 5

The Selective Training and Service Act required military service registration for all males between the ages of ______.

Back 5

21 and 36

Front 6

Referred to U.S. servicemen.

Back 6

GI

Front 7

Abbreviation of "Government Issue."

Back 7

GI

Front 8

To meet the demand for war material, the American government directed the _______.

Back 8

war production of businesses

Front 9

Super-agency established to centralize agencies dealing with war production.

Back 9

Office of War Mobilization

Front 10

It was created by President Roosevelt to centralize agencies dealing with war production.

Back 10

Office of War Mobilization

Front 11

Ford Motor Company converted from making cars to making _____.

Back 11

bombers

Front 12

He used mass production techniques to build Liberty ships.

Back 12

Henry Kaiser

Front 13

Vessels built in the U.S. that usually carried troops or war supplies.

Back 13

Liberty Ships

Front 14

Henry J. Kaiser contributed to the war effort through his revolutionary ______.

Back 14

production techniques

Front 15

Producing goods for the Allied forces caused the U.S. to begin to emerge from the _____

Back 15

Depression

Front 16

As a result of war production, employment increased and union membership _______.

Back 16

rose

Front 17

Two weeks after Pearl Harbor, labor and business representatives agreed to refrain from _____.

Back 17

strikes and lockouts

Front 18

When an employer keeps employees out of the workplace to avoid meeting their demands.

Back 18

lockout

Front 19

As the cost of living rose during the war unions found the no-strike agreement ______.

Back 19

hard to honor

Front 20

During the war, the most serious union-organized strikes took place in the ____.

Back 20

coal mines

Front 21

Work stoppages organized by workers and not endorsed by unions.

Back 21

wildcat strikes

Front 22

Bond drives, raising income tax, and deficit spending were all used to _______.

Back 22

finance the war

Front 23

Government savings notes bought by Americans to help finance World War II.

Back 23

war bonds

Front 24

Using borrowed money to finance war production is an example of what type of spending?

Back 24

deficit

Front 25

Borrowing money was a type of deficit spending used to ________.

Back 25

finance the war

Front 26

To make sure there was enough goods to supply the soldiers during world war II many goods were _____.

Back 26

rationed

Front 27

Americans were prevented from spending the high wages they earned in wartime jobs because of shortages of _________.

Back 27

consumer items

Front 28

Was established to both control war time inflation and oversee rationing.

Back 28

Office of Price Administration

Front 29

Agency set up to boost Americans' patriotism and sense of participation in the war effort.

Back 29

Office of War Information

Front 30

Patriotism and high morale characterized popular culture on the _______.

Back 30

home front

Front 31

Home project that raised about one third of the nation's vegetables during World War II.

Back 31

victory gardens

Front 32

A home vegetable garden planted to add to the home food supply and replace produce sent to soldiers.

Back 32

victory gardens

Front 33

Drawn up by Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill in August of 1941 IT established their joint aims and a set of principals for conducting the war.

Back 33

Atlantic Charter

Front 34

Roosevelt and Churchill first agreed on the strategy to concentrate on winning the _____.

Back 34

war in Europe

Front 35

Organization formed after World War II on the basis of the Atlantic Charter.

Back 35

United Nations

Front 36

Created at the end of World War II to keep the peace.

Back 36

United Nations

Front 37

Naval battle that pitted the U.S. and British navies against Germany.

Back 37

Battle of the Atlantic

Front 38

The U.S. and British Navy fought to keep THEM open because they were critical to British survival.

Back 38

Atlantic trade routes

Front 39

Were led by American and British warships to protect supply ships.

Back 39

Convoys

Front 40

Groups of as many as 20 German U-boats that carried out coordinated night-time attacks on convoys.

Back 40

wolf packs

Front 41

Resulted in German U-boat success rate plummeting.

Back 41

Long range sub-hunting aircraft

Front 42

Americans and British troops first fought together in ______. (place)

Back 42

North Africa

Front 43

Desert Fox, German General who at first had great success against the Allies in North Africa, eventually his army was driven back and forced to surrender.

Back 43

Erwin Rommel

Front 44

Rommel's threat to Egypt and the Suez Canal was halted in 1942 by the British under General Bernard Montgomery at ______.

Back 44

El Alamein

Front 45

On June 22, 1941 3.6 million German and other Axis troops invaded the _____.

Back 45

Soviet Union

Front 46

As the Soviet army was driven back by the Blitzkrieg it carried out a policy of _____.

Back 46

scorched earth

Front 47

In retreat destroying everything which might be useful to the enemy.

Back 47

scorched earth

Front 48

By the autumn of 1941, Germany had reached both ________.

Back 48

Moscow and Leningrad

Front 49

Wanted the U.S. & Britain to open a second front in France. (person)

Back 49

Joseph Stalin

Front 50

Even though Stalin desperately wanted the British and the U.S. to open a second front in France, to ease pressure on the Soviet Union, Churchill persuaded Roosevelt to invade _____.

Back 50

Italy

Front 51

After the Allies gained control of Africa, their next target was ____.

Back 51

Italy

Front 52

From North Africa the Allies attacked ______. (in 1943)

Back 52

Sicily and Italy

Front 53

Germany's advance in the Soviet Union in 1941 was halted by the ________.

Back 53

Russian winter

Front 54

In the summer of 1942 the Germans started a new offensive in the _________.

Back 54

Soviet Union

Front 55

In 1942 the Red Army made its stand at _____.

Back 55

Stalingrad

Front 56

In Stalingrad the Red Army defeated the Germans in _______.

Back 56

house to house combat

Front 57

Taking advantage of the Russian Winter the Soviets counter attacked at Stalingrad and on January 31, 1943 the ______.

Back 57

Germans surrendered

Front 58

Germans were finally halted in their advance into the Soviet Union at the _________.

Back 58

Battle of Stalingrad

Front 59

Turning point of the war in the Soviet Union.

Back 59

Battle of Stalingrad

Front 60

Defeated Germany in Russia. (a major factor)

Back 60

Russian Winter

Front 61

After the Germans started bombing cities in the battle of Britain both sides began to attack ___.

Back 61

civilian targets

Front 62

In the spring of 1943 in preparation for an eventual invasion of France the allies stepped up their bombing by _____.

Back 62

airplanes

Front 63

Technique by which planes scattered large numbers of bombs.

Back 63

carpet bombing

Front 64

In a technique developed by Britain's Royal Air Force, planes scattered bombs over widespread areas.

Back 64

carpet bombing

Front 65

Main cause of the loss of civilian lives.

Back 65

bombing by airplanes

Front 66

Beginning of the end of the war in Europe.

Back 66

Invasion of Normandy

Front 67

The Allied invasion of France forced Hitler to fight a war on _____.

Back 67

two fronts

Front 68

Beginning of the invasion of Normandy.

Back 68

D-Day

Front 69

Year of D-Day.

Back 69

1944

Front 70

Commanding General of the invasion of Normandy.

Back 70

Dwight Eisenhower

Front 71

Beginning of the Allied invasion to take back Europe from the Axis Powers.

Back 71

D-Day

Front 72

The beginning of the landing of Allied forces on France's Normandy coast.

Back 72

D-Day

Front 73

In December of 1944 Germany launched a counter attack which resulted in a bulge in the Allied lines and the __________.

Back 73

Battle of the Bulge

Front 74

Largest battle fought in Western Europe during World War II.

Back 74

Battle of the Bulge

Front 75

After the Battle of the Bulge most Nazi leaders recognized that the war was ______.

Back 75

lost

Front 76

Soviets and Americans met in Germany at the _______.

Back 76

River Elbe

Front 77

Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders.

Back 77

V.E. Day

Front 78

On May 8, 1945 it marked the end of the war in Europe.

Back 78

V-E Day

Front 79

Roosevelt, Churchill, & Stalin met to plan the end of the war.

Back 79

Yalta Conference

Front 80

At Yalta Stalin promised to allow THEM in the nations of Eastern Europe that his army had liberated from Germany.

Back 80

free elections

Front 81

After IT surrendered the Allies decided to divide it into four parts, to be governed by Britain, the U.S., the Soviets, and France.

Back 81

Germany

Front 82

Hitler believed they were a master race.

Back 82

Aryans

Front 83

Discrimination or hostility, often violent toward Jews.

Back 83

anti-Semitism

Front 84

To get rid of the Jews was one of THEIR main goals in the 1930s.

Back 84

Nazis

Front 85

Stripped the Jews of their German citizenship.

Back 85

Nuremberg Laws

Front 86

The night during which Nazi thugs, carrying out the first organized attacks on Jews, looted and destroyed Jewish stores, houses, and synagogues.

Back 86

Kristallnacht

Front 87

At the Wannsee Conference it was decided that to kill all the Jews was the "_____."

Back 87

final solution to the Jewish question

Front 88

Conference where the Nazis decided on the "final solution."

Back 88

Wannsee Conference

Front 89

Hitler's plan to murder all the Jews.

Back 89

"Final Solution"

Front 90

Nazi Germany's systematic murder of European Jews.

Back 90

Holocaust

Front 91

Nazis sent Jews and political opponents to ____.

Back 91

Concentration camps

Front 92

Nazis forced Jews, poles, & Soviet Slavs to work as _____.

Back 92

slave labor

Front 93

Carried out Hitler's policy of exterminating the Jews.

Back 93

SS

Front 94

A type of concentration camp that existed only for mass murder.

Back 94

death camp

Front 95

Death camp in Poland where 4 million inmates mostly Jews were murdered.

Back 95

Auschwitz

Front 96

Number of Jews killed in the Holocaust

Back 96

6 million

Front 97

In April of 1943, the Jews in Warsaw engaged in a month-long revolt against _______.

Back 97

deportation to Treblinka (death camp)

Front 98

Finally created by Roosevelt in 1944, to try to help the Jews in Germany.

Back 98

the War Refugee Board

Front 99

Nazis tried for war crimes.

Back 99

Nuremburg Trials

Front 100

The concept that individuals are responsible for their own actions, and can't simply claim that they were following orders came out of the ___.

Back 100

Nuremberg Trials

Front 101

Just hours after they bombed Pearl Harbor, the Japanese attacked Clark Field an American air base in the ________.

Back 101

Philippines

Front 102

When the Japanese advanced against his troops in the Philippines he was forced to leave.

Back 102

General MacArthur

Front 103

Promised "I shall return," to the Philippines.

Back 103

General Douglas MacArthur

Front 104

After the fall of the Philippines to Japan out of the 600,000 U.S. and Filipino prisoners, forced to march 70 miles to prison camps, over 100,000 died of starvation and maltreatment.

Back 104

Bataan Death March

Front 105

First air raid on Tokyo did little physical damage but shocked Japan and boosted Allied morale.

Back 105

Doolittle Raid

Front 106

The battles of the Coral Sea, Midway, and Guadalcanal were all fought in the ______.

Back 106

Pacific

Front 107

Allied victory that prevented the Japanese from establishing the bases they needed to invade Australia.

Back 107

Battle of the Coral Sea

Front 108

Critical new naval weapon of WWII.

Back 108

Aircraft Carrier

Front 109

Turning point in the Pacific War.

Back 109

Battle of Midway

Front 110

Commander of the American Pacific fleet, directed the victory at the Battle of Midway.

Back 110

Admiral Nimitz

Front 111

In this battle the Japanese lost all four carriers and 250 planes.

Back 111

Battle of Midway

Front 112

Victory that allowed the Allies to take the offensive in the Pacific.

Back 112

Battle of Midway

Front 113

Battle in which Marines had their first taste of jungle fighting and the first time the Allies had conquered a piece of Japanese-held territory.

Back 113

Battle of Guadalcanal

Front 114

Offensive strategy of American admirals to beat the Japanese in the Pacific.

Back 114

island hopping

Front 115

U.S. policy of leap frogging over Islands that were well fortified by the Japanese and attacking less fortified islands, that strategically enabled the U.S. to move toward Japan.

Back 115

Island hopping

Front 116

With the use of blockades islands which were leap frogged were left to _____.

Back 116

"wither on the vine"

Front 117

Their island-hopping strategy, put the Allies in a position to __________.

Back 117

bomb Japan

Front 118

Greatest Naval Battle in World History.

Back 118

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Front 119

First Battle in which the Japanese used Kamikazes.

Back 119

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Front 120

Bomb-loaded planes whose pilots deliberately crashed into targets.

Back 120

kamikazes

Front 121

The U.S. awarded 27 Medals of Honor for actions in this battle, more than in any other single operation of the war.

Back 121

Battle of Iwo Jima

Front 122

Admiral Nimitz described this island as a place in which "uncommon valor was a common virtue."

Back 122

Iwo Jima

Front 123

Victory in this battle opened the way for an Allied invasion of Japan.

Back 123

Battle of Okinawa

Front 124

U.S. government project to develop an atomic bomb.

Back 124

Manhattan Project

Front 125

Truman ordered the dropping of the Atomic Bomb to avoid _______.

Back 125

invading Japan

Front 126

The dropping of atomic bombs by the U.S. on Hiroshima and Nagasaki finally brought an ____.

Back 126

end to World War II

Front 127

Japan accepted American terms for surrender after atomic bombs were dropped on ______.

Back 127

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Front 128

Less than a week after the destruction of Nagasaki ________.

Back 128

Japan surrendered

Front 129

World War II ended in _______. (year)

Back 129

1945

Front 130

The number of deaths in World War II was as many as ________.

Back 130

50 million

Front 131

Even in the North during the war years they faced discrimination in employment, housing, and education.

Back 131

African Americans

Front 132

Was created by the federal government to act against employment discrimination.

Back 132

Fair Employment Practices Committee

Front 133

During World War II, African Americans fought in ________.

Back 133

segregated units

Front 134

Took direct action to promote racial equality on the home front during the war.

Back 134

African Americans

Front 135

Founded in 1942, in Chicago, it believed in using nonviolent techniques to end racism.

Back 135

CORE

Front 136

CORE

Back 136

Congress of Racial Equality

Front 137

Mexican farm laborers brought to work in the United States.

Back 137

braceros

Front 138

Spanish-speaking neighborhoods.

Back 138

barrios

Front 139

Mexican American laborers often lived in ____.

Back 139

barrios

Front 140

Navajo radio operators who helped secure communications in the Pacific.

Back 140

"code talkers"

Front 141

Japanese Americans born in the U.S. of parents who emigrated from Japan.

Back 141

Nisei

Front 142

Long-held prejudice, and fears inflamed by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, led the government to evacuate _________.

Back 142

Japanese Americans from the West Coast

Front 143

Centers in remote inland areas where Japanese Americans were confined during World War II.

Back 143

internment camps

Front 144

During World War II, many Japanese Americans were confined to camps in isolated areas or ________.

Back 144

interned

Front 145

Wartime hysteria in the U.S. resulted in the _____.

Back 145

internment of Japanese Americans

Front 146

Year Congress finally passed a law awarding each surviving Japanese American internee $20,000 tax free and an apology.

Back 146

1988

Front 147

Because of the war THEY began to work in large numbers as steelworkers and welders.

Back 147

women

Front 148

Image used to attract women to wartime workforce.

Back 148

Rosie the Riveter

Front 149

After the war THEY were expected to leave their jobs and return home.

Back 149

women