Mccurdy Us History Ch. 16 "the New Deal"

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FDR's broad program to spur economic recovery and provide relief for Americans.

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New Deal

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Roosevelt's relief, recovery, and reform program to pull the nation out of the Depression.

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New Deal

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She helped FDR by reporting on conditions in the country.

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Eleanor Roosevelt

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President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's wife.

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Eleanor Roosevelt

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Defied her traditional role by actively and aggressively promoting the New Deal.

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Eleanor Roosevelt

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Early in his administration, FDR pushed many programs through Congress in the period known as the ___.

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hundred days

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To inspect the financial health of the banks FDR declared a ______.

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"bank holiday"

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After the "bank holiday" American began to regain confidence in banks and began to put more into their accounts than they ____.

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took out

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Was established in 1933 to insure bank deposits.

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FDIC

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FDIC

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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

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In 1933 it required companies to provide information about their finances if they offered stock for sale.

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Federal Securities Act

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In 1934 it was set up to regulate the stock Market.

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Securities and Exchange Commission

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FDR hoped to stimulate the economy in 1933 by decreasing the value of U.S. currency by taking it off the _______.

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gold standard

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Was created to help overburdened local relief agencies by providing them with federal funds.

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Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

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To help people who were out of work, the FERA put federal money into _____.

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public works programs

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Government-funded projects to build public facilities, part of FDR's New Deal.

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public works programs

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Put more than 2.5 million young, unmarried men to work maintaining forests, beaches, and parks.

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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

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Was intended to help business by bolstering industrial prices.

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National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

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Was created by the NIRA to balance the unstable economy through extensive planning.

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National Recovery Administration

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Created Codes which were intended to insure fair business practices, including controlling working conditions, production, prices, and setting a minimum wage.

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National Recovery Administration

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Established a forum in which business and government officials met to set regulations for fair competition.

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National Recovery Administration

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New Deal agency created to help businesses.

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National Recovery Administration

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Roosevelt attempted to help business by stabilizing industrial _____.

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prices

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Refinanced mortgages- I.e. changed the terms of the mortgages-to make them more manageable.

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Home Owners' Loan Corporation

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Created in 1933, controlled the production of crops, and thus prices, by offering subsidies to farmers who would agree to take land out of production.

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Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

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Many people were upset about the AAA because it was taking land out of production when many people were going ____.

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hungry

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Roosevelt's programs helped farmers by giving them ________.

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financial assistance

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Worked to develop energy production sites and conserve resources in the Tennessee Valley.

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Tennessee Valley Authority

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Project that helped farmers and created jobs by reactivating a hydroelectric power facility.

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Tennessee Valley Authority

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It provided new jobs, cheap electric power, flood control, and recreation for the region.

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Tennessee Valley Authority

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One of the most influential men in the New Deal who was the director of FERA.

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Harry Hopkins

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Informal group of intellectuals who helped devise New Deal policies.

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"brain trust"

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Federal Council on Negro affairs, an unofficial group of African American officeholders.

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"black cabinet"

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Former President Hoover warned against "a state-controlled or state directed social or economic system…That is not liberalism: it is ______."

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tyranny

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In 1935, the Supreme Court declared the NIRA (including the NRA) and the AAA to be _________.

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unconstitutional

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After the midterm elections of 1934 showed overwhelming nationwide support for FDR's administration, in 1935 he launched new even bolder legislation known as the _____.

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Second New Deal

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A second wave of legislation in 1935 including more social welfare benefits.

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the Second New Deal

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New legislation aimed primarily at helping ordinary Americans.

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the Second New Deal

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Included more social welfare benefits, stricter controls over business, stronger support for unions, and higher taxes on the rich.

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the Second New Deal

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Much of the $5 billion allocated to FDR by the Emergency Relief Allocation Act of 1935 went to the creation of the ______.

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Works Progress Administration (WPA)

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Over eight years, IT provided work for the unemployed of all backgrounds, from industrial engineers to authors and artists.

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Works Progress Administration (WPA)

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Partially owing to WPA efforts, IT fell by over five percent between 1935 and 1937.

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unemployment

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It provided federal protection of the activities of labor unions.

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Wagner Act

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Legislation that strengthened the rights of labor unions.

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Wagner Act

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Legalized union practices such as collective bargaining and the closed shop.

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Wagner Act

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Workplaces open only to union members.

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closed shops

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Program that provided old-age pensions for workers, unemployment insurance, and other benefits.

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Social Security System

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Funded through contributions from employers and workers, IT established several types of social insurance.

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Social Security System

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A way of providing financial support for those who could not support themselves.

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Social Security System

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When Roosevelt ran for reelection in 1936 he _______.

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won by a landslide

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Republican governor of Kansas who ran against FDR in 1936.

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Alfred Landon

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The problems of domestic workers (often women) were not addressed by the _____.

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New Deal

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Many criticized the New Deal for going too far in its attempts to reform the economy.

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Republicans

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Group that spearheaded much of the opposition to the New Deal.

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American Liberty League

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Some of FDR's critics opposed Social Security claiming that it penalized successful, hardworking people by forcing them to ____

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pay into the system

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Members of the American Liberty League believed the New Deal limited individual freedom and smacked of ________.

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"Bolshevism"

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The Bolsheviks from Russia were _____.

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Communists

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The Republicans and the American Liberty League thought the New Deal went _______.

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too far

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Many progressives did not believe the New Deal did enough to ___________.

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redistribute wealth

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Progressives and socialists did not believe the New Deal went ______.

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far enough

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Muckraking novelist who believed socialist solutions were necessary to cure the nation.

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Upton Sinclair

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Roman Catholic priest who became a national figure in the 1930s by using his radio broadcast to first to attack the financial leaders he believed caused the depression and later FDR himself.

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Father Coughlin

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When he began issuing anti-Jewish statements and voicing support for Hitler and Mussolini he was ordered by the Catholic Church to stop broadcasting his show.

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Father Coughlin

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Senator from Louisiana, vocal critic of the New Deal, his "Share Our Wealth" program sought a large redistribution of wealth, he was eventually assassinated.

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Huey Long

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Both Huey Long and Father Charles E. Coughlin are often referred to as _______.

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demagogues

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Those who manipulate people with half-truths and scare tactics.

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demagogues

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When the government spends more money in its annual budget than it receives in revenues during the year.

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Federal deficit

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The total amount of borrowed money the federal government has yet to pay back.

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national debt

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Some people were critical of deficit spending and the New Deal because they believe, they violated America's traditional system of a _____.

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free market

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Because the Supreme Court had frustrated him by declaring the NIRA & the AAA unconstitutional FDR proposed a court-reform bill in 1937 intended to add six new judges to the court who were _____.

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favorable to the New Deal

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FDR's action that aroused the greatest opposition.

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the attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court

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Opposition to FDR's court packing attempt forced him to _______.

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withdraw his bill

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Opposition to his court "packing" bill and the New Deal resulted in a new alliance between Republicans and _________.

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Southern Democrats

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In 1937 FDR cut back on expensive relief programs because he was worried about the rising _______.

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national debt

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The recession of 1937 was caused in part by increased federal _______.

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borrowing

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The recession of 1937 was caused in part by reduced consumer _____.

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spending

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Though it did not end the Depression the massive government spending of the New Deal did lead to some ________.

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short-term economic improvement

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Legislation that allowed collective bargaining and set up a National Labor Relations Board.

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Wagner Act

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In the short run, IT led to a rise in union membership and a wave of strikes.

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Wagner Act

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Under the New Deal labor unions grew stronger because they were given _____.

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legal protection

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Sit-down strikes were so successful that the Supreme Court _______.

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outlawed them

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Strikes in which the workers refuse to leave the factory in an attempt to shut down production.

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sit-down strikes

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In the late 1930s, THEY often provided a temporary escape for struggling Americans.

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movies

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The most important function of movies during the depression was to provide theater-goers with a temporary ________.

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escape

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Unemployed artists received funds and support from the _______.

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Works Progress Administration (WPA)

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One of the greatest parts of the New Deal legacy was a restored sense of ______.

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hope

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The Tennessee Valley Authority, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Securities and Exchange Commission were all New Deal agencies that still _____.

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endure today