Mccurdy The 100 (A Ranking Of The Most Influential Persons In History) By Michael Hart

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FLASH CARDS FROM "THE 100 (A RANKING OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL PERSONS IN HISTORY) BY MICHAEL H. HART

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FRONT OF THE CARD

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BACK OF THE CARD

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Founder of Islam.

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Muhammad 1.

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He laid the foundations for the scientific theories that subsequently revolutionized the world.

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Isaac Newton 2.

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Founder of Christianity.

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Jesus Christ 3.

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Founder of Buddhism.

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Siddhartha Gautama 4.

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First mad to develop a system of beliefs synthesizing the basic ideas of the Chinese people.

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Confucius 5.

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Foremost proselytizer of the new religion Christianity

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Saint Paul 6.

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Inventor of paper.

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Ts' ai Lun 7.

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Developed the first method of utilizing moveable type and a printing press in such a way that a large variety of written material could be printed with speed and accuracy.

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Johann Gutenberg 8.

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Discovered the Americas . (from the European perspective)

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Christopher Columbus 9.

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Developed the theory of Relativity.

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Albert Einstein 10.

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Principal originator of "scientific Socialism." (communism)

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Karl Marx 11.

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Most famous for his advocacy of the germ theory of disease and for his development of the technique of preventive inoculation.

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Louis Pasteur 12.

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Probably more responsible for the development of the scientific method than any other individual.

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Galileo Galilei 13.

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Originated the study of formal logic.

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Aristotle 14.

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Political leader responsible for the establishment of Communism in Russia

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Vladimir Lenin 15.

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Led Hebrews out of bondage in Egypt.

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Moses 16.

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Originator of the theory of organic evolution by means of natural selection.

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Charles Darwin 17.

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United China by force and instituted a set of reforms that have been a major factor in the cultural unity of China

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Shih Haung Ti 18.

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Reorganized the Roman Government so that internal peace and prosperity were maintained for two centuries.

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Augustus Caesar 19.

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Led the communist party to power in China.

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Mao Tse-tung 20.

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Mongol conqueror rose to power to become the most powerful man in the world.

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Genghis Khan 21.

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Founder of Geometry

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Euclid 22.

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His defiance of the Catholic Church inaugurated the Protestant Reformation.

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Martin Luther 23.

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Developed the heliocentric theory.

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Nicolaus Copernicus 24.

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Inventor of the first practical steam engine.

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James Watt 25.

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First Christian Emperor of Rome.

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Constantine the Great 26.

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Commanded the Continental Armies in the Revolutionary War.

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George Washington 27.

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Invented the first electric motor, the first device to use an electric current to make a material object move.

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Michael Faraday 28.

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Formulated a set of four equations that express the basic laws of electricity and magnetism.

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James Clerk Maxwell 29.

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First to build a self powered airplane.

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Orville & Wilbur Wright 30.

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Most important figure in the development of chemistry.

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Antoine Laurent Lavoisier 31.

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The originator of psychoanalysis.

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Sigmund Freud 32.

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Most celebrated conqueror of the ancient world.

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Alexander the Great 33.

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Conquered most of Europe as the Emperor of France.

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Napoleon Bonaparte 34.

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Chief importance was in having caused the deaths of 35 million people.

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Adolf Hitler 35.

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Greatest British playwright and poet.

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William Shakespeare 36.

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Leading figure in the development of Economic Theory.

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Adam Smith 37.

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Developed a practical incandescent light bulb.

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Thomas Edison 38.

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He discovered Microbes

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Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek 39.

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He represents the starting point in Western political philosophy.

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Plato 40.

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Inventor of the Radio.

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Guglielmo Marconi 41.

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Greatest of all musical composers.

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Ludwig van Beethoven 42.

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The principal figure in the development of quantum mechanics.

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Werner Heisenberg 43.

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Inventor of the telephone.

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Alexander Graham Bell 44.

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Discoverer of Penicillin.

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Alexander Fleming 45.

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"The George Washington of South America.

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Simon Bolivar 46.

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Man most responsible for the establishment of parliamentary democracy as the English Form of Government.

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Oliver Cromwell 47.

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First writer to put together in coherent form the basic ideas of constitutional democracy.

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John Locke 48.

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Great Renaissance artist, the outstanding figure in the history of visual arts.

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Michelangelo 49.

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Pope whose call for Christian war to recapture the Holy Land from the Moslems, inaugurated the crusades.

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Urban II 50.

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Second and probably the greatest of the Caliphs.

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Umar ibn al-Khattab 51.

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Conquered most of Northern India, and thereby established the first major empire in Indian history.

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Asoka 52.

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Greatest theologian during the declining years of the Roman Empire.

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Saint Augustine 53.

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Startled the scientific world with his hypothesis that radiant energy is not emitted in a continuous flow, but rather consists of small chunks or lumps he called quanta.

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Max Plank 54.

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Shaped the Theology of the Reformed branch of the Protestant Reformation.

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John Calvin 55.

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The man principally responsible for the introduction of anesthesia in surgery.

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William T.G. Morton 56.

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Discovered the circulation of blood and the function of the heart.

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William Harvey 57.

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The discoverer of radioactivity.

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Antoine Henri Becquerel 58.

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Discovered the basic principles of heredity.

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Gregor Mendel 59.

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Introduced the use of antiseptic measures in surgery.

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Joseph Lister 60.

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Built the first four-stroke internal combustion engine.

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Nikolaus August Otto 61.

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Succeeded in developing the first practical method of photography.

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Louis Daguerre 62.

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Dictator of the Soviet Union during World War II.

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Joseph Stalin 63.

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Was the first to place at the center of philosophy the question: "How do I know"?

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Rene' Descartes 64.

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Roman general who actually defeated the large Celtic armies and conquered Gaul.

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Julius Caesar 65.

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Spanish adventurer who conquered the Inca empire in Peru.

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Francisco Pizarro 66.

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Spanish Conqueror of Mexico.

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Henando Cortes 67.

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Queen who financed Christopher Columbus' voyage.

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Queen Isabella I 68.

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Led the Norman Conquest of England

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William the Conqueror 69.

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Major author of the Declaration of Independence.

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Thomas Jefferson 70.

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Author whose writings are said to have been a significant factor in the rise of socialism, nationalism, romanticism, totalitarianism, and anti rationalism.

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Jean Jacques Rousseau 71.

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Developed and popularized the technique of vaccination against small pox.

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Edward Jenner 72.

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The discoverer of X-rays.

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Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen 73.

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Brought together what was best I Italian, French, and German musical traditions.

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Johann Sebastian Bach 74.

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Founder of Taoism.

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Lao Tzu 75.

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Designed the first Nuclear reactor.

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Enrico Fermi 76.

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Developed the idea that the growth of population tends to outrun the growth of the food supply.

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Thomas Malthus 77.

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First great philosopher to realize that science and technology could transform the world.

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Francis Bacon 78.

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French author; the apostle of freethinking and liberalism.

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Voltaire 79.

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Man most responsive for man's trip to the moon.

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John F. Kennedy 80.

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Played the principal role in the development of the contraceptive pill.

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Gregory Pincus. 81.

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Succeeded in reunifying China after it had been divided for hundreds of years.

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Sui Wen Ti 82.

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Third century prophet; founder of Manichaeism.

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Mani 83.

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Discovered the direct sea route from Europe to India

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Vaso De Gama 84.

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King of the Franks, Conqueror of Saxony, founder of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Charlemagne 85.

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Founder of the Persian Empire.

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Cyrus the Great 86.

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Developed a set of equations that completely determines the motion of a rigid body.

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Leonhard Euler 87.

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Notorious for his blunt advice that a ruler interested in maintaining and increasing power should make use of deceitfulness, cunning and lies combined with a ruthless use of force.

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Niccolo Machiavelli 88.

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Founder of Zoroastrianism.

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Zoroaster 89.

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The ruler who first united Egypt.

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Menes 90.

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His policy of Westernization was a major factor in the Transformation of Russia into a great power.

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Peter the Great 91.

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Most Important successor to Confucius.

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Mencius 92.

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Introduced the atomic hypothesis into mainstream science.

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John Dalton 93

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Author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

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Homer 94.

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Most outstanding monarch in English history.

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Queen Elizabeth I 95.

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His code of laws preserved the product of Rome's creative genius in Jurisprudence and later formed the basis for the development of law in many European countries.

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Justinian I 96.

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Discovered that planetary orbits are not circular but rather elliptical.

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Johannes Kepler 97.

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The boldest, the most innovative, and the most influential figure, in the movement away from purely representational art.

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Pablo Picasso 98.

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Leading figure in the development of Jainism.

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Mahavira 99.

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Father of the Theory of atomic structure.

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Niels Bohr 100.

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Honorable Mentions and Interesting Misses

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Wrote perhaps the most authoritative statement of Catholic Theological doctrines ever produced.

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Saint Thomas Aquinas H.R.

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Seems to have been the first to explicitly state the formula describing the effect of the lever.

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Archimedes H.R.

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Worked out the principles behind the general-purpose digital computer a full century before the development of the large modern electronic calculating machines.

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Charles Babbage H.R.

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King that constructed the Great Pyramid.

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Cheops H.R.

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She discovered and isolated the chemical element radium

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Marie Curie H.R.

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The most versatile genius in all history. Had highly successful careers in; business, science, literature, and politics.

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Benjamin Franklin H.R.

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His technique of nonviolent civil disobedience was ultimately successful in persuading the British to leave India.

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Mohandas Gandhi H.R.

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Held the United States together as President, in the face of the secession of the Southern states.

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Abraham Lincoln H.R.

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Leader of the first expedition to circumnavigate the earth.

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Ferdinand Magellan H.R.

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Perhaps the most universal genius that ever lived.

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Leonardo da Vinci H.R.