Mcb Exam 1 - Cell Structure

Front 1

Mitochondria structure

Back 1

inner and outer membrane -
inner memb. = cristate, ETC, immpermeable to H+
Innermembrane space = high [H+]
Matrix = TCA cycle, Mt DNA, ribosomes, RNA

Front 2

Marker for mitochondria/energy usage

Back 2

succinate dehydrogenase

Front 3

cytoplasmis inclusions

Back 3

energy stores = glycogen & lipid droplets
NOT BOUND BY A MEMBRANE!!

Front 4

What type of ribosome makes cytosolic and membrane-bound/secreted proteins respectively?

Back 4

cytosolic = free ribos
membrane/secreted = RER bound ribos

Front 5

In what organelle are disulfide bonds formed, core glycosolation begun, and sorting and quality checked?

Back 5

RER

Front 6

In what organelle are steroids made, hormones/alcohol/drugs neutralized, and membrane phospholipids made?

Back 6

SER

Front 7

All lysosomal enzymes are ____ dependent and targeted from the Golgi to the lysosome by the addition of the _____ molecule and sent to the lysosome via a _____-coated vesicle.

Back 7

pH
M6P
clatherin

Front 8

3 autophagic pathways

Back 8

macro (nonspecific, for organelles)
Micro (nonspecific, for cytoplasmic proteins)
Chaperone (selective for proteins)

Front 9

Lipofuscine Granules (lysosomal residual bodies)

Back 9

undigested substrate that accumulates in lysosomes
associated with disease (I-cell!)

Front 10

Proteasomes are found in the ____ and _____. They destroy ____ or _____ proteins. They are mediated by ligases that add a poly-chain of _____ to target the protein for degradation

Back 10

cytoplasm and nucleus
misfolded or denatured
UB

Front 11

Which organelles is encased in a single membrane and is responsible for degrading fatty acids? What enzymes is found in this organelle?

Back 11

peroxisome
catalase (breaks down H2O2 - a byproduct)

Front 12

Which type of endocytosis is actin dependent and mediated by Fc receptors (i.e. Ab receptors)?

Back 12

phagocytosis

Front 13

Where is all cargo that is receptor-mediated-endocytosed in the cell initially targeted to for sorting?

Back 13

early endosoem

Front 14

Give the order of the 4 series of vesicles that the cargo of a claterin-coated vesicle will fuse with if it is destined for degradation

Back 14

early endosome (lower pH causes receptor to disociate from cargo) -> multivesicular bodies -> late endosome (contain H+ pumps to begin to acidify compartment) -> Lysosome

Front 15

What are the 2 forms of exocytosis?

Back 15

Constitutive (protein secreted is always be secreted)
Regulated (some external stimulus is needed to cause secretion of protein)

Front 16

What organelle is the primary sorting station for protein trafficking? What are its 3 primary routes? What part of the protein controls its trafficking?

Back 16

Trans Golgi Network
apical PM, Basolateral PM, lysosome
signal peptide

Front 17

COP II coat

Back 17

RER to Cis Golgi
(Anterograde)

Front 18

COP I coat

Back 18

Cis Golgi to RER
(Retrograde)

Front 19

Clatherin coat

Back 19

several routes - including receptor mediated endocytosis, lysosome targeting

Front 20

Retromer coat

Back 20

endosome to golgi

Front 21

The ____ ___ selects cargo for vesicular transport and deforms the membrane. _____ proteins bring the vesicle close to the target membrane and contribute to specificity. _____ promote membrane fusion and ensure specificity.

Back 21

coat complex
tether
SNAREs

Front 22

How does the HIV virus use intracellular tracking to avert antigen presentation?

Back 22

uses a Nef adaptor protein that recruits clatherin to coat the vesicle - prevents transcytosis and instead causes antigen to get degraded

Front 23

What 2 structures are necessary for chromosome compaction during mitosis?

Back 23

Condensins replacing cohesins

Front 24

Necrosis

Back 24

pathologic uncontrolled death
cell swelling, rupture of plasma membrane and nucleus, release of cyt. C from mitochondria
may cause inflammation

Front 25

Apoptosis

Back 25

programmed cell death
DNA fragmentation, cell blebbing, cell shrinking,
release of cyt. C from mitochondria

Front 26

As cholestral increases, membrane fluidity and thus cell signaling and transport will _____
As [unsaturated FA] increases, membrane fluidity and thus cell signaling and transport will _____

Back 26

decrease
increase

Front 27

A ___ is domain of lipids and proteins that fxns as a signaling complex

Back 27

lipid raft

Front 28

What is the fibrous network portion of the nuclear envelope? What layer of the envelope does this network support?

Back 28

Nuclear Lamina
inner membrane

Front 29

_____ is active DNA; it stains ______ and can be found in/at the _____ of the nucleus.
_____ is inactive DNA; its stains ____ and can be found in/at the _____ of the nuclues.

Back 29

euchromatin - light - center
heterochromatin - dark - periphery

Front 30

How nuclear pores are receptor-mediated?

Back 30

recongnize karyopherins (importins/exportins) with nucleotide sequences (NLS/NES)

Front 31

What does nuclear lamina (Lamin A) directly regulate? How?

Back 31

cell fate
via regulation of chromosome structure and expression

Front 32

Components of nucleolus

Back 32

Fibrillar (nucleolema) = FC (rRNA, RNA pol, TF's), & F/DFC (genes being transcribed)
Granular = G/GC (where ribosomes are assembled)

Front 33

In cell division, _____ arrange chromosome at the metaphase plate. As such, ______chemotherapeutics target this cytoskeletal element.
Another cytoskeletal element important to division is ___ which causes cytokinesis.

Back 33

MT
anti-mitotic
MF

Front 34

What are the 3 MTOC that MT's grow from

Back 34

centrosomes
basal bodies
golgi