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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pauli exclusion principal
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no two electrons can have the same 4 quantum #'s
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1st quantum number
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(n) (integer) = the shell or nrg level of the electron
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2nd quantum number
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(l) (azimuthal) = subshell (s,p,d,f)
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max # e's per shell
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2n^2
n=1st quantum # |
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max # e's per subshell
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4l + 2
(2,6,10,14 for s,p,d,f) |
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3rd quantum number
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(msubl) (magnetic) = orbital w/in subshell
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max # orbitals per subshell
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-l to l
0 -1,0,1 -2,-1,0,1,2 |
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4th quantum number
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(msubs) (spin) = +1/2 or -1/2
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Hund's rule
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will create the maximum number of 1/2 filled orbitals (
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paramagnetic
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has unpaired electrons
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diamagnetic
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has all electrons paired
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period vs group on p. table
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period = horizontal
vs group = vertical |
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what is an isolated system?
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cannot xchange nrg or matter with surroundings
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what is a closed system?
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cannot xchange matter, but can xchange nrg with surroundings
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what is an open system?
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can xchange nrg and matter with surroundings
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isothermal process
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occurs at constant temperature
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isobaric process
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occurs at constant pressure
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adiabatic process
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no heat exchange occurs with surroundings
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heat formed/released by a reaction
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q = mcΔT
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positive ΔH means?
negative ΔH means? |
endothermic (+)
exothermic (-) |
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When is maximum entropy reached?
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equilibrium
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Gibbs Free Nrg Equation
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ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
-ΔG is spontaneous +ΔG is non-spontaneous ΔG = 0 at equilibrium |
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Standard Free Nrg and Keq
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ΔG° = -RTlnKeq
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Gas Laws
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PV/T
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Ideal Gas Laws
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PV = nRT
best at high temps and low pressures |
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Partial Pressure of a Gas
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P = Ptotal * Mole Fraction
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Effusion
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??????????????
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what is an electrolyte?
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a solute whose solution is conductive
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molarity
molality normality |
mol solute / L solution
mol solute / kg solvent equivilants / L solution |
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dilution
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M1 V1 = M2 V2
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Ksp vs Ion Product
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Ksp are the concentrations of the ions of a saturated solution at equilibrium while the Ion Product is with the initial concentrations on ions
IP>Ksp = supersaturated IP<Ksp = unsaturated IP=Ksp = saturated |
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Brostead Lowry Base
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H+ acceptor
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Brostead Lowry Acid
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H+ donor
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Arrhenius Acid
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H+ donor
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Arrhenius Base
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OH- donor
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Lewis Acid
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E- pair acceptor
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Lewis base
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E- pair donor
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p[anything]
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p[anything] = - log [anything]
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Henderson Hasselbalch for buffer solns
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pH = pKa + log (conj. base/weak acid)
pOH = pKb + log (conj. acid/weak base) |
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Electrochem cells
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galvanic/voltaic give off nrg
cathode (+) anode (-) electrolytic require nrg cathode(-) anode (+) |
