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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
If the solution has pH=8 and an acid is add of pKa=7, what is the ratio of protonated to unprotonated acid?
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pH - pkA = 1
[A-]: [HA] = 10^1 : 1 so 10:1 will be deprotonated:protonated |
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In a nearsighted person:
1. what can the person not focus on? 2. where does the image form? 3. What type of lens is needed? |
Distant objects
Before the retina (Inside the eye) Diverging lens |
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In a farsighted or presbyopia (can't contract muscle well)person:
1. what can the person not focus on? 2. where does the image form? 3. What type of lens is needed? |
Close objects
after the retina Converging |
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What kind of bond forms after dehydration of an alcohol?
What happens if you add Br2 and C(Cl)4 to the product? |
It will create an alkene
The C=C will cause the red color of bromine to disappear. |
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Cyclohexane
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Cyclopropane
Cyclobutane Cyclohexane Cycloheptane |
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What is the best way to separate two solutions with different polarities?
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Heat them very slowly, the H bonds will keep the more polar one in liquid phase.
Cooling column has no effect. |
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What is the definition of codominant allele? Give example
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When a an allele is not dominant over another. Example is ABO blood type, both A and B are dominant over O, but the person produces both A and B antibodies, therefore they are codominant
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What is the definition of incomplete dominance? Give example
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When no allele is dominant over another, gives a dosage effect. Example is red and white snapdragons yield pink progeny.
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What is Epistasis?
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Epistasis is the term applied when one gene interferes with the expression of another.
Yield 9:7 progeny for 2 alleles versus 9:3:3:1 |
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Hydrogen goes from oxidation state +1 to 0 in H2
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Redox
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If a solution is 98% H2SO4 by weight, what is the % of HSO4- ions?
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[] of dirpotic acid
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1+1=2 second order rxn
remember that rate laws do not necessarily have their coefficients as exponential functions, must be determined experimentally unless given |
Rate Law
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+185 C
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Heat of Formation
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Lens
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1/3
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What is the definition of out of phase?
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When waves do not reach the same point at the same time, even if they are the same frequency and wavelength.
Like 2 runners running the same speed on the same track but at different starting points. |
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When the MCAT says beta decay, which do they mean?
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B- decay
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What is the only decay in which the element doesn't change and why?
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Gamma decay, because the charge doesn't change. All other decays lose or gain a charge (-2 for alpha)
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As electroaffinity becomes more negative, what trend increases?
What trend becomes more negative? |
Electron ionization energy increases because if a atom is has a high affinity for electrons (more negative=more affinity), it will take increased energy to break e away
EA is the amount of energy liberated if an electron is added, so if it takes a lot of energy to pull an e away from F- (ionization energy), there is a large amount of energy liberated when that e is replaced (electron affinity) Bottom line Ionization energy is inversely proportional to electron affinity. Note also nobel gases have no EA because they are stable |
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Fill in table
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VSPER
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Name all shape and geometry of 2 binding groups
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VSPER
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Name all shape and geometry of 3 binding groups
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Vsper
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Name all shape and geometry of 4 binding groups
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vsper
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Name all shape and geometry of 5 binding groups
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vsper
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Name all shape and geometry of 6 binding groups
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vsper
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When springs of equal K are on oppostite sides of a mass, what is the effective spring constant of the system
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2K
Springs on opposite sides can be summed F=- K x +(-K)(-x) =2Kx |
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When is a solid body in translational equilibrium?
When is it in rotational equilibrium? |
A solid body is in translational equilibrium when the sum of its external forces = 0
A solid body is in rotational equilibrium when the sum of its external forces AND torques = 0 |
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How do you determine rate laws?
When can it be assumed? Give general formula What does it always involve and what does it usually involve? |
Rate law can only be determined experimentally unless it is an elementary reaction (either first order x=1 for monatomic rxn, or second order for biatomic reaction x+y=1+1=2)
Generally you use: rate = k [A]^x [B]y Usually only depends on reactants, but can include products. Only uses molecules involved in rate determining step |
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Give Arrhenius eqn.
What are 2 factors that will increase the rate of the rxn? |
From the second eqn:
Rxn rate can increase by 1. Adding catalyst to lower Ea 2. Increasing temp |
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What are common strong bases?
Common weak bases? |
Common Strong Bases
Group I hydroxides LiOH or NaOH and metal amides NaNH2 Common weak bases Group II hydroxides Ca(OH)2 |
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How do you calculate the pH of a strong acid?
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pH = - log [H+]
so [H+] = 10^(-pH) |
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How do you determine pH of weak aci?
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For a weak acid you need to calculate the Ka by determining the ratio of dissociated ions
Set up eqn: Ka = [H+][CN-] / [HCN] Ka = X*X /.2-x Assume x in .2-x is neglidible because it is a small amout thus Ka = x^2/.2 You will need other information to solve for x but this is the principle used |
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What eqn is used for making for measure pH of a buffer solution of weak acid? How would the eqn change for a weak base?
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Henderson-Hasselbalch
For a base: pOH = pKb + log [HA]/[A-] |
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What is an assumption of buffer range?
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It's pH is +/- 1 of the pKa
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