M.bio 509 Lab Quiz 3 Study Cards

Front 1

In thioglycollate agar, where does obligate anerobes grow?

Back 1

Obligate anerobes grow near the bottom of the thioglycollate of the agar, which lacks the presence of oxygen.

Front 2

In thioglycollate agar, where does obligate aerobes grow?

Back 2

Obligate aerobes grow only near the top of the thioglycollate agar because that is where the oxygen is most abundant.

Front 3

In thioglycollate agar, where does facultative anerobes grow?

Back 3

Favultative anerobes will grow throughout thioglycollate, but they optimally grow near the top where oxygen is present because they grow faster using aerobic respiration, when oxygen is present, than using anaerobic conditions, when oxygen is not present.

Front 4

In thioglycollate agar, where does microaerophiles grow?

Back 4

Micoaerophiles grow optimally about two inches from the very top of the thioglycollate agar because they need small amounts of oxygen to grow. In other words, too much oxygen kills microaerophiles and anaerobic conditions inhibits microaerophile growth.

Front 5

What information does an RDS agar test determine about the bacteria in question?

Back 5

The RDS agar test determines if a bacteria can ferment both glucose and lactose because if a bacteria can ferment lactose, it can ferment glucose.

Front 6

In reading the RDS agar test, what does a positive and a negative result mean?

Back 6

A positive result for the RDS agar test means that the bacteria can ferment lactose and glucose, while a negative result for the RDS agar test means that the bacteria cannot ferment lactose nor glucose.

Front 7

While looking at the results of an RDS agar test, what does it mean when the agar changed to a bright yellow color throughout the agar?

Back 7

For the results of an RDS agar test, when the agar changes to a bright yellow color thoroughout the agar, it means that the bacteria ferments both lactose and glucose, the bacteria cannot ferment proteins, and does not produce gas while fermenting the energy sources.

Front 8

What makes up RDS agar that allows testers to determine if bacteria test positive or negative for the utilization of both lactose and glucose?

Back 8

Either bacteria will use the lactose, glucose, proteins, or neither of the energy sources in the RDS agar. When bacteria utilize all, none, or just some of the mechanisms inside the agar, it will produce by products. These by products change the color of the agar as indicated by phenol red indicator.

Front 9

Interpret the following RDS agar test result: The slant and butt are both yellow.

Back 9

(A/A, no gas) The bacteria only fermented lactose and glucose without producing gas.

Front 10

Interpret the following RDS agar test result: The slant and butt are both yellow, and gas is present.

Back 10

(A/A, with Gas) The bacteria only fermented lactose and glucose with gas production.

Front 11

Interpret the following RDS agar test result: The slant is red, but the butt is yellow.

Back 11

(K/A, no gas) The bacteria only fermented glucose and not lactose. Additionally, the bacteria fermented the present protein, Peptone, but only aerobically.

Front 12

Interpret the following RDS agar test result: The slant and the butt are both red.

Back 12

(K/K, no gas) The bacteria fermented the present protein in the agar, Peptone, aerobically and anaerobically.

Front 13

Interpret the following RDS agar test result: The slant is red, but the butt shows no change.

Back 13

(K/No Change, no gas) The bacteria only fermented the present protein in the RDS agar, Peptone, aerobically.

Front 14

Interpret the following Glucose/Lactose/Mannitol broth test result: The broth turned red after adding phenol red indicator.

Back 14

(-, basic) No reaction, the bacteria does not utilize glucose/lactose/mannitol under anaerobic conditions and did not grow.

Front 15

Interpret the following Glucose/Lactose/Mannitol broth test result: The broth turned a cloudy red color after adding phenol red indicator.

Back 15

(-, basic) No reaction, the bacteria does not utilize glucose/lactose/mannitol under anaerobic conditions, but grew by some other means.

Front 16

Interpret the following Glucose/Lactose/Mannitol broth test result: The broth turned a cloudy yellow color after adding phenol red indicator.

Back 16

(A) Acdic, the bacteria utilize the glucose/lactose/mannitol and turned the broth acidic as a result of the turned the broth acidic.

Front 17

Interpret the following Glucose/Lactose/Mannitol broth test result: The broth turned yellow after adding penol red indicator and bubbles are present in the Durham tube.

Back 17

(A+G) Acidic with gas production, the bacteria utilizes Glucose/Lactose/Mannitol and as a result produces gas (lol).

Front 18

Where are exoenzymes active?

Back 18

Extracellularly

Front 19

Where do endoenzymes fuction?

Back 19

Inside the cell

Front 20

Do exoenzymes function while inside the cell?

Back 20

No

Front 21

What type of enzyme is desulfhydrase?

Back 21

Endoenzyme

Front 22

What type of enzyme is gelatinase?

Back 22

Exoenzyme

Front 23

What type of enzyme is tryptophanase?

Back 23

Endoenzyme

Front 24

How is the KIA medium different from the RDS medium?

Back 24

As a result of KIA having beef extract, it has iron sulfate (FeSO4), which turns into ferrous (iron) sulfide (FeS) when hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is released into the medium by desulfhydrases.

Front 25

How is the KIA medium similar to the RDS medium?

Back 25

Both mediums contain lactose, glucose, and peptones

Front 26

How are the results for the KIA test different from the results for the RDS test?

Back 26

The KIA test will show if the bacteria has desulfydrases. but the RDS test will not determine this piece of information.

Front 27

How are the results of the KIA test similar to the RDS test?

Back 27

Both will show if a bacteria utilizes lactose, glucose, and peptones, and both results are interpreted the same way (i.e. A/A, K/A, A/A+Gas, K/K, and K/no change)

Front 28

In interpreting the KIA test, does (A/A, Gas) positively confirm that the bacteria has desulfhydrase?

Back 28

No, the gas is CO2 (negative for desulfydrase), not H2S (positive for desulfhydrase)

Front 29

Interpret the following KIA test result: The slant is red, but the butt is yellow.

Back 29

(K/A) The bacteria utilizes glucose and aerobically utilizes proteins (negative for desulfhydrase).

Front 30

Interpret the following KIA test result: The slant is yellow and the butt is yellow.

Back 30

(A/A) The bacteria uses lactose and glucose (negative for desulfhydrase).

Front 31

Interpret the following KIA test result: The slant is red and the butt is red.

Back 31

(K/K) The bacteria utilizes proteins aerobically and anaerobically (negative for desulfhydrase).

Front 32

Interpret the following KIA test result: The slant is yellow and the butt is yellow and their is bubbles and cracks in the agar.

Back 32

(A/A, Gas) The bacteria utilizes both lactose and glucose and produces gas (negative for desulfhydrase).

Front 33

Interpret the following KIA test result: The slant is red with black participates present and the butt is yellow.

Back 33

(K/A, Black ppt) The bacteria only utilizes glucose and proteins. It is positive for the endoenzyme desulfhydrase.

Front 34

Which enzyme breaks down sulfur containing amino acids?

Back 34

Desulfhydrase

Front 35

If an organism did not grow on the KIA medium, what would be the appearance of the agar?

Back 35

Reddish-Orange throughout the agar

Front 36

If a bacteria can utilize lactose can it always utilize glucose?

Back 36

Yes, a bacteria that utilizes lactose will definitely be able to utilize glucose.

Front 37

What does the MRVP test determine?

Back 37

The MRVP test determines if bacteria either use the butanediol pathway or the mixed-acid pathway to ferment glucose.

Front 38

In the MRVP test, which test determines if the bacteria utilizes either the mixed-acid pathway or the butanediol pathway?

Back 38

In the MRVP test, the MR test confirms if the bacteria utilizes the mixed-acid pathway to ferment glucose and the VP test shows if the bacteria uses the butanediol pathway.

Front 39

What is a positive reaction for the MR test?

Back 39

In the MR test, after adding methyl red indicator, if the color of the broth is red, the bacteria utilizes the mixed-acid pathway to ferment glucose.

Front 40

What is a negative reaction for the MR test?

Back 40

In the MR test, after addiny methyl red indicator, if the broth turns a yellowesih/orangeish color, then the bacterium is negative for utilizing the mixed-acid pathway in order to ferment glucose.

Front 41

What is a positive VP test?

Back 41

In the VP test, after adding the indicators, if the broth turns pinkish (in color, lol), the bacteria utilizes the butanediol pathway to ferment glucose.

Front 42

What is the difference between the mixed-acid pathway and the butanediol pathway?

Back 42

The mixed-acid pathway produces acidic by products, however, the butanediol pathway produces neutral by products.

Front 43

How is the mixed-acid pathway similar to the buteanediol pathway?

Back 43

Both are pathways utilized to ferment glucose.

Front 44

What does the Simmons test determine?

Back 44

The Simmons citrate agar test determines whether or not the bacteria utilizes citric acid as its only carbon and energy source.

Front 45

Interpret the following Simmons agar test result: the slant and butt turned blue.

Back 45

(+) The bacteria only utilizes citrate as its carbon and energy source and as a result, has raised the pH of the citrate agar above 7.6, which turns the agar blue.

Front 46

Interpret the following Simminos citrate agar test result: The slant and butt remain green.

Back 46

(-) The organism does not utilize citric acid.

Front 47

Why is Simmons agar green?

Back 47

Its pH=7

Front 48

What does Tryptone broth test confirm?

Back 48

The Tryptone test confirms weather or not the bacteria has the endoenzyme tryptohanase, which is used to catalize the abundant amino acid, tryptophan, found in Tryptone broth.

Front 49

Interpret the following Tryptone broth test result: After adding Kovac's regant, a red ring forms at the top of the broth.

Back 49

(+) Positive for the presence of indole. The bacteria has tryptophanse and utilizes the amino acid, tryptophan.

Front 50

Interpret the folowing Tryptone broth test result: After adding Kovac's regant, a green or yellow ring forms near the top of the broth.

Back 50

(-) Negative for the presence of indole. The bacteria does not have tryptophanase and cannot utilize the amino acid, tryptophan.

Front 51

What is the unique end product of tyrptophanase activity and its hydrolysis of tryptophan?

Back 51

Indole

Front 52

How do biologists perform a Gelatin strip test?

Back 52

Biologists put a gelatin strip in a culture to determine if the organism has gelatinase.

Front 53

Interpret the following Gelatin strip test result: The gelatin acetate film turned blue.

Back 53

(+) The bacteria tested positive for gelatinase production.

Front 54

Interpret the following Gelatin strip test result: The gelatin acetate strip remained white.

Back 54

(-) The bacteria tested negative for gelatinase production.

Front 55

What enzyme mediates the degradation of hydrogen peroxide?

Back 55

Catalase

Front 56

What is the enzyme cytochrome oxidase's purpose?

Back 56

Specifically, cytochrome oxidase catalyzes the last reaction in the ETC, where it oxidizes the last cytochrome to an oxygen molecule, often producing water.

Front 57

How do biologists test for the presense of cytochrome oxidase?

Back 57

First, they take a tiny sample of the organism and rub it on test film. If, 20 seconds later, a dark purple color appears, the bacteria is oxidase-positive. Conversely, if a yellowish color appears 20 seconds after inoculating the test film with the organism, that microbe is oxidase-negative.

Front 58

What environmental conditions allow facultative anaerobic microbes to grow?

Back 58

Aerobic and Anaerobic environments

Front 59

What environmental conditions allow obligate aerobes to grow?

Back 59

Aerobic environments

Front 60

What environmental conditions allow obligate anaerobes to grow?

Back 60

Anaerobic environments

Front 61

What pH conditions allow acidophiles to grow?

Back 61

When the environment has a pH<7.

Front 62

What pH conditions allow neutrophiles to grow?

Back 62

When the environment has a pH=7

Front 63

What pH environmental conditions allow akallphiles to grow?

Back 63

When the environment has a pH>7

Front 64

Interpret the following Nitrate broth test result: After adding sulfanilic acid and napthylamine, the broth turns red.

Back 64

Nitrate reduction has occurred. NO3- goes to NO2-.

Front 65

Interpret the following Nitrate broth test result: After adding sulfanilic acid and napthylamine, the broth remains clear. Subsequently, adding Zinc produces bubbles.

Back 65

Denitrification has occurred. NO3- goes to N2 or N2O

Front 66

Interpret the following Nitrate broth test result: After adding sulfanilic acid and napthylamine, the broth remains clear. Subsequently, adding Zinc produces no bubbles.

Back 66

Nitrate reduction has occurred. More than likely, NO3- went to NH3

Front 67

Interpret the following Nitrate broth test result: After adding sulfanilic acid and napthylamine, the broth remains clear. Subsequently, adding Zinc turns the broth red.

Back 67

NO3- was not used.

Front 68

What is nitrate respiration?

Back 68

Nitrate reduction is a process where facultative anaerobes complete anaerobic respiration by having nitrate (NO3-) serving as the final electron acceptor.

Front 69

In soil, denitrification can occur. What is denitrification?

Back 69

De nitrification is the reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas (N2).

Front 70

What is the pathway for denitrification?

Back 70

NO3- goes to NO2- goes to NO goes to N2O goes to N2