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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Archaea
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phylogenetically related prokaryotes distinct from Bacteria
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Bacteria
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phylogenetically related prokaryotes distinct from Archaea
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Chemolithotroph
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an organism obtaining its energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds
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Chemoorganotroph
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an organism obtaining its energy from the oxidation of organic compounds
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Chromosome
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a genetic element containing genes essential to cell function
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Cytoplasm
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cellular contents inside the cytoplasmic membrane, excluding the nucleus (if present)
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Domain
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the highest level of biological classification
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Endosymbiosis
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the process by which mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from descendants of Bacteria
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Eukarya
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the domain of life that includes all eukaryotic cells
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Eukaryote
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a cell having a membrane-bound nucleus and usually other organelles
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Evolution
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change in a line of descent over time leading to new species or varieties within a species
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Extremophile
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an organism that grows optimally under one or more environmental extremes
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Genome
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the complement of genes in an organism
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Morphology
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cell shape
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Nucleoid
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the aggregated mass of DNA that constitutes the chromosome of cells of Bacteria and Archaea
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Nucleus
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a membrane-enclosed structure that contains the chromosomes in eukaryotic cells
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Organelle
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a unit membrane-enclosed structure such as a mitochondrion or chloroplast present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
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Phototroph
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an organism that obtains its energy from light
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Phylogeny
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the evolutionary relationships between organisms
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Plasmid
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an extrachromosomal genetic element nonessential for growth
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Prokaryote
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a cell that lacks a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other organelles
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Proteobacteria
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a large phylum of Bacteria that includes many of the common gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli
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Ribosome
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a cytoplasmic particle that functions in protein synthesis
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