Mbbs Yr 1 Summative Set 5

Front 1

describe Skin 3 layers

Back 1

epidermis: keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells, repair by desquamation. dermis: thick, dense layer with connective tissue to support, give strength and thickness to skin. hypodermis: subcutaneous fat in lobules separated by connective tissue.

Front 2

epidermis 5 layers

Back 2

1. stratum basalis, 2. stratum spinosum, 3. stratum granulosum, 4. stratum lucidum, 5. stratum corneum

Front 3

stratum basalis

Back 3

cuboidal cells, germinativum, produce keratinocytes; some columnar of dermis

Front 4

stratum spinosum

Back 4

polyhedral cells with intercellular desmosomes

Front 5

stratum granulosum

Back 5

release keratohyaline granules, and hydrophobic membrane bounded lipid into aqueous barrier, and enzyme to digest organelles as immunogenic molecule

Front 6

stratum lucidum

Back 6

loss function of keratohyalin replaced by eleidin (only in thick skin: sole and palmar skin)

Front 7

stratum corneum

Back 7

two layers: (deep) intercellular desmosomal link and intracellular keratin filaments; (surface) keratinized, with soft keratin, desquamation, lose, surface

Front 8

special features of skin list 7

Back 8

hair, sebaceous gland, sweat gland, meissner's corpuscle, merkel cells, pacinian cells, free nerve ending exteroceptor

Front 9

cell types in epidermis (origin and function) 5 pt

Back 9

Keratinocytes from ectoderm produce ectoderm; Melanocytes from neural crest produce melanin in melanosomes at SB sent process to SS; Langerhans cells at SS antigen presenting cells with Birbeck granules; Merkel's cells at SB as exteroceptor (touch)

Front 10

Release of keratohyalin granule to cytoplasm triggers the final aggregation of keratin filaments to form tonofilament bundles thus transforming the granular cell to cornified cells

Back 10

Release of keratohyalin granule to cytoplasm triggers the final aggregation of keratin filaments to form tonofilament bundles thus transforming the granular cell to cornified cells

Front 11

SG, SL, SC, keratinocytes are reinforced by ______

Back 11

involucrin fibrous protein

Front 12

dermis layer

Back 12

papillary layer (loose) and reticular layer (dense and thick, coarse)

Front 13

free nerve ending cells (nature, location, function)

Back 13

unmyelinated, small diameter, slow conduction of nerve signal, for pain touch temperature; from dermo-epidermal junction extend to SG

Front 14

meissner's corpuscle

Back 14

elliptical, tactile cells with nerve ending, transversely located dermis under hairless skin (nipple, lip, eyelid, finger tip)

Front 15

pacinian corpuscle

Back 15

oval shape, nerve ending, skin of the hands and feet, pressure sensitive,

Front 16

hair follicle layers 7pt

Back 16

M, Cx, Cu, IRS, ERS, GM, CT

Front 17

Sebaceous gland

Back 17

holocrine; secrete sebum (oil) into neck of hair follicle, arrector pili

Front 18

sweat glands 2pt

Back 18

Merocrine: Secrete a watery fluid, hypotonic, directly to skin surface; Apocrine: adjacent hair follicles via duct areolae of breasts, genital regions, viscid, milky secretion

Front 19

Structure of Nail

Back 19

Eponychium, Nail, NM (germinating center) Nail bed, hyponychium

Front 20

Ceruminous

Back 20

cuboidal (inactive) or columnar (active); ear wax, waxy, yellowish, semisolid, prevent desiccation and irritation

Front 21

4 layers of GI tract

Back 21

mucosa (epithelial lining, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae , submucosa, Muscularis externa , external layer

Front 22

oesophagus

Back 22

submucosal cardiac glands (simple tubular, mucous), gastroesophageal and pharyngoesophageal sphincters. muscularis externa: upper striated, middle mix, lower smooth

Front 23

stomach

Back 23

three layers of muscle in muscularis externa

Front 24

division of stomach

Back 24

Cardia, Fundus and body of stomach, Pylorus

Front 25

5 cell types in stomach

Back 25

Mucous neck cells (mucus) , undifferentiated cell in neck and isthmus, Parietal cell (HCl, stomach intrinsic factor), chief cell (zymogen)

Front 26

enteroendocrine glands

Back 26

secrete peptide hormones, neuroendocrine system; involve in amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation.

Front 27

example of enteroendocrine

Back 27

Gastrin secrete more HCl , somatostatin inhibit release of gastrin, Urogastrone ( inhibit HCl secretion)

Front 28

4 cell types in small intestine

Back 28

columnar absorptive cell, paneth cell (zymogen and lysozyme), goblet cell (mucus) enteroendocrine, mucosal glands in crypts of Lieberkuhn; Brunner's glands submucosal gland.

Front 29

folding of intestine 3pt

Back 29

plicae circulares, villi, microvilli,

Front 30

duodenum special external layer

Back 30

adventitia

Front 31

Peyer's patches

Back 31

in ileum, Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT): mucosal immunity; Antigen presenting epithelial cells (M cells) -> deliver them to macrophages -> IgA producing plasma cells

Front 32

large intestine

Back 32

goblet cells, and enteroendocrine, no villi, no paneth cell, haustra coli, teniae coli,

Front 33

name the bones of nose 3

Back 33

nasal bone, nasal part of frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla

Front 34

name the bones of nasal septum

Back 34

vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, septal cartilage

Front 35

name the bones that make up the roof of nasal cavity

Back 35

sphenoidal bone, frontonasal, ethmoid bone,

Front 36

name the bones make up the floor

Back 36

palatine process of maxilla, horizontal process of palatine

Front 37

lateral wall is formed the three curvature plates known as _______ ?

Back 37

conchae.

Front 38

underneath each curvature plate, you will find a potential space called ________?

Back 38

meatus

Front 39

functions of nose

Back 39

1. respiration, 2. Humidification, 3 filter of dust,4 Olfaction

Front 40

function of meatus

Back 40

drainage paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts

Front 41

nerve supply to nose

Back 41

cranial nerve I : olfactory nerve; cranial nerve V trigeminal nerve

Front 42

3 Arteries to nose

Back 42

branches of 1. maxillary artery (external carotid a.), 2 facial artery (external carotid a.), 3 ophthalmic artery (internal carotid a.)

Front 43

4 veins drain the nose

Back 43

pterygoid plexus, facial vein, infraorbital vein, ophthalmic vein

Front 44

paranasal sinuses

Back 44

frontal (frontal sinuses); ethmoid (ethmoid sinuses); sphenoid (sphenoid sinuses); and maxilla (maxillary sinuses)

Front 45

nerve, artery to sinuses

Back 45

trigeminal nerve, maxillary, ophthalmic arteries

Front 46

3 layers of pharynx

Back 46

1. mucous membrane (ciliated columnar epithelium at nasopharynx; stratified squamous in oropharynx and laryngopharynx), 2. fibrous tissue, 3. muscle tissue

Front 47

oropharynx

Back 47

behind the mouth to C3; collection of lymphoid gland palatine tonsils

Front 48

laryngopharynx

Back 48

C3 to C6 , continue by oesophagus at C6

Front 49

larynx (lower respiratory)

Back 49

C3 to C6; anterior: hyoid, supra- and infra muscles; posterior is laryngopharynx and oesophagus

Front 50

trachea

Back 50

C6-T4

Front 51

artery to trachea

Back 51

inferior thyroid artery (a branch of subclavian artery) and bronchial artery (from thoracic aorta)

Front 52

vein to trachea

Back 52

inferior thyroid vein and brachiocephalic vein

Front 53

nerve supply to trachea

Back 53

vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve, sympathetic cervical ganglion

Front 54

respiratory bronchioles and alveoli involve in _____ list 4

Back 54

external respiration, immune defense, warming and humidification of air

Front 55

2 type of alveolar epithelial cells

Back 55

1. single layer forms the alveolar wall; 2. The production of surfactant

Front 56

respiratory zone components

Back 56

Respiratory bronchioles, Alveolar ducts, Alveolar sacs

Front 57

describe the cell wall structure of Gram-negative bacilli

Back 57

pentapeptide bridges linking N-acetylmuramic and N-acetylglucosamine polymer called peptidoglycan. external is a lipopolysaccharide.

Front 58

two ways to prevent candidal infection.

Back 58

Fluconazole prophylaxis for transplant recipients; Avoid antibiotics overuse to prevent overgrowth

Front 59

Helminths: 3pt

Back 59

Nematodes, Trematodes, Trematodes

Front 60

iceburg of disease

Back 60

Iceberg of disease describes the phenomenon that what disease we see is a small proportion of the total, much of which is developing.

Front 61

Upstream model of public health

Back 61

It states that if we know how and why disease develops, we might be able to prevent its progression by surveillance and prevention.

Front 62

List one essential criterion that makes a method of detection of cancer a benefit

Back 62

It should lead to improved survival and quality of life.

Front 63

what is phagocytosis

Back 63

Phagocytosis is the ingestion and digestion of extracellular particulate material, which may include whole pathogenic microorganisms.