Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most common cause: |
MVC |
|
Most common bone: |
jaw |
|
Rural: |
animal accidents and zygomatic fracture |
|
Urban: |
nasal fracture 50% had other injuries |
|
Mechanism of Injury` |
• Blunt • Penetrating MVC Assaults GSW Falls Work/play without eye protection (eye) |
|
Assessment |
Primary survey is always PRIMARY Life saving measures, THEN eyes |
|
Primary Survey Airway Obstruction Causes Treatment |
Teeth-check if they have any missing(xray if you cant find them) Tongue Foreign objects Hemorrhage
|
|
Impaired Ventilation |
Endotracheal intubation - ORAL |
|
Hemorrhage treatment |
Direct pressure |
|
Maxillofacial Assessment |
|
|
Maxillofacial Assessment Eye exam |
Visual acuity, pupils, symmetry, EOM Drainage |
|
Functional Disturbances r/t Facial Fractures |
nerves Vision |
|
Radiologic |
•Computed Tomography w/o contrast |
|
Bedside testing |
•Woods lamp-blacklight with magnifying glass to look in eye |
|
Soft Tissue Injury |
Goal: maintain function; good cosmesis Lacerations |
|
Soft Tissue Injury Clean |
Soap, water, saline – NO DETERGENT, PEROXIDE, IODINE |
|
Soft Tissue Injury Bites |
RATS – rabies, abx, Td, soap |
|
Soft Tissue Injury Road rash / gunpowder |
Debridement ASAP to prevent permanent “tattoo |
|
Soft Tissue Injury Eyebrow
|
Repair before edema |
|
Soft Tissue Injury Cheek |
Deep lacs can cause damage to parotid gland, duct or branches of facial nerve |
|
Ear Injuries |
Hematoma-cauliflower-drain |
|
Nasal Fracture
|
•Ethmoid and frontal sinus fracture, damage to lacrimal duct, cribiform plate fracture and CSF leak (risk infection in brain), septal hematoma (block airway=emergency) |
|
Nasal Fracture •Treatment: |
–Stop bleeding |
|
Nasal Fracture ______ is an emergency complication of a nasal fracture |
septal hematoma |
|
Epistaxis •Treatment: |
–Posterior nasal packing |
|
Le Fort I-know |
Separates lower maxilla, hard palate, and pterygoid process in a single or comminuted unit
teeth will move but nose and eyes wont move mustache break
can be unilateral
|
|
Le Fort II-know |
Separation along the nasofrontal suture, orbit floor zygomatico-maxillary suture
when pressure on teeth=teeth and nose move orbit intach
|
|
Le Fort Fracture Signs and Symptoms |
Facial pain |
|
Le Fort Fracture Management PRIMARY |
Airway control |
|
Le Fort Fracture Management |
Reduction of fragments and stabilization with plates and screws monitor eye movement and nerves |
|
Zygoma Fracture |
Swelling |
|
Zygoma Fracture BONES |
1.Zygomatic arch |
|
Orbit Fracture |
Anesthesia of cheek and upper lip Diplopia –Periorbital ecchymosis |
|
Orbit Fracture DEFINITION |
Fracture of one or more of the bones that comprise the orbit |
|
Orbit Fracture |
–Surgical intervention after edema diminishes
|
|
avoid what with orbit fracture |
NO NOSE BLOWING / SNEEZING / vagal stimulation bc inc pressure |
|
Mandible Fracture |
*Malocclusion –Gum line lacerations –Unable to open or close mouth |
|
Dental Trauma |
I-crack in enamel-no pain and sharp break |
|
Dental Trauma treat |
Re-implantation is possible for 2 hours |
|
Dental Trauma If any tooth is unaccounted for ---- is needed |
CXR |
|
Ocular Triage |
VS |
|
Ocular TX: |
Irrigate if chemical (alkaline worse)
|
|
Ocular Resuscitation |
Shield eye asap so wont get damage |
|
Ocular Assessment |
Visual acuity-baseline
|
|
Hyphema Signs / Symptoms |
•Pain •Photophobia |
|
Hyphema Treatment varies |
minimal treatment •Bedrest |
|
Difintion Hyphema |
|
|
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |
Small blood vessels underneath the conjunctiva ruptures and bleeds |
|
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage SIGNS
|
Harmless
assess for cause |
|
|
Injury to eyelids and surrounding periorbital tissue |
|
Periorbital Wounds TX look for
|
Look for foreign bodies and globe penetration
Close early |
|
Globe Rupture |
*Teardrop pupil •Deep or shallow anterior chamber |
|
Globe Rupture Diagnosis |
–History |
|
Globe Rupture |
Avoid eye manipulation and eye drops |
|
Corneal Abrasion SIGNS |
Foreign body sensation |
|
Corneal Laceration signs |
Present similarly to abrasions |
|
Foreign Body difinition |
Disruption in the integrity of the corneal epithelium |
|
Foreign Body |
–Fluorescein and Woods Lamp |
|
Foreign Body |
–Irrigation |
|
Foreign Body |
•May be painful |
|
Chemical Injury which worse acid or akaline |
Alkaline substances penetrate deeper than acidic substances |
|
Chemical Injury tx |
|
|
Remember max trauma |
•AIRWAY |
|
Maxillofacial Assessment Inspect |
Inspect |
|
Primary Survey Airway Obstruction Treatment |
Suction Open airway OPA(not if awake)/NPA(no nose if basilar skull fracture) BVM |
|
Le Fort III |
Separation of midface from skull pressure on teeth-teeth, nose, eyes move
|
|
Nasal Fracture signs/symptoms
|
•Swelling, deformity, bleeding, crepitus-air under nose skin |
|
Epistaxis Sources:
|
anterior and posterior ethmoid or maxillary arteries |