Matter: Changes, Properties, And More

Front 1

extothermic

Back 1

heat/energy is exiting the system

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phase changes that are endothermic

Back 2

sublimation, vaporization, and melting

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endothermic

Back 3

heat/energy is being added to the system

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phase changes that are exothermic

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condensation, freezing, and deposition

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chemical change

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change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties; atoms are rearranged

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physical change

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change of matter from one form to another without changing chemical properties; the substances remain the same; atoms are not rearranged

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examples of chemical change

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production of gas/bubbles, change in color/odor, and release of light, heat, and/or sound

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which change is easier to reverse: chemical change or physical change?

Back 8

physical because the properties remain the same

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what are some examples of how mixtures can be separated?

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distillation, filtration, centrifuge, sorting, and chromatography

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distillation

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a mixture is heated and the parts of the mixture separate because the components do not boil and evaporate at the same temperature

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filtration

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when a mixture of liquid(s) and solid(s) are sent through a filter, the liquids pass through the filter, but the solids stay in/on the filter

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centrifuge

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mixtures are spun rapidly to separate it

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chromatography

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separating a mixture by passing it through a medium in which the components move at different rates.

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compound

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atoms that are chemically combined together

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how can a compound be separated? (chemically or physically)

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chemically

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can a physical change reverse a chemical change?

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no, in order to reverse a change, it needs to be changed the same way (chemical reverses by chemical means, physical reverses physical)

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how is separating a mixture different from separating a compound?

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a mixture can only be separated physically, but a compound is separated chemically

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does a physical change affect the identity of a substance?

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no, the identity of the substance remains the same

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does a chemical change affect the identity of a substance?

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yes, the atoms are rearranged, therefore creating a new substance all together

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condensation

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phase change from gas to a liquid

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evaporation

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phase change from a liquid to a gas

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change of state/phase change

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matter changes from one physical form to another

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examples of change of state/phase change

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condensation, evaporation, sublimation, deposition, boiling, and melting

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two things that can happen to a substance when energy is added

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the temperature increases

the kinetic energy increases

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law of conservation of mass

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matter is not created or destroyed in a system during a phase change

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fluid

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non-solid state of matter where the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other like a gas/liquid

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plasma

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state of matter that consists of free-moving ions and electrons; its properties differ from all solid, liquid, and gas

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temperature

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a measure of the average (kinetic and potential) energy of the particles in a substance

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thermal energy

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total kinetic energy of a substance's atoms

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solid

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definite shape, definite volume, not a fluid, particles vibrate in place, and particles aren't electrically charged

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liquid

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variable shape, definite volume, fluid, particles move pass each other, particles aren't electrically charged

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gas

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variable shape, variable volume, fluid, particles freely pass each other fast, particles aren't electrically charged

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plasma

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variable shape, variable volume, fluid, particles move past each other very quickly, particles are electrically charged

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which particles have more kinetic energy: a substance with high temperature or a substance with a low temperature?

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high temperature

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matter

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anything with volume and mass

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a substance that can't be broken down into a simpler substance is a(n)

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element

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molecule

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combination of 2 or more atoms

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each element has a unique number of...

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protons

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compound

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molecule with different elements, properties different than its elements, and has a definite ration of elements

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C2H6 is a(n):

a.) element

b.) molecule

c.) compound

(THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE)

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b.) molecule and c.) compound

it has 8 atoms: 2 Carbon atoms and 6 Hydrogen atoms

and it has a mix of different elements: Carbon and Hydrogen

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N2 is a(n):

a.) element

b.) molecule

c.) compound

(THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE)

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b.) molecule

it has 2 atoms: 2 Nitrogen atoms

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Lithium is a(n):

a.) element

b.) molecule

c.) compound

(THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE)

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a.) element

it has one singular type of atom

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C6H12O6 is a(n):

a.) element

b.) molecule

c.) compound

(THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE)

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b.) molecule and c.) compound

it has 24 atoms: 6 Carbon, 12 Hydrogen, and 6 Oxygen

and it has a mix of different elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

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If there is three molecules of N2H11O3 how many total hydrogen atoms are there?

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33

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How many different elements are in CuSO4 ?

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3

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Ralph has 6 atoms of Nitrogen to make indigo: C16H10N2O2, how many atoms of Carbon does he need?

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48

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which of the following is not a pure substance?

a.)colloid

b.)compound

c.)element

d.)molecule

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a.) colloid

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are oil and water miscible?

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no! they have different densities so they will not mix

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If sugar is added to gasoline the solvent is a.) and the solute is b.)

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a.)gasoline

b.)sugar

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brass is a combination of copper and zinc with various ratios, therefore brass is an example of a(n):

a.) alloy

b.) solution

c.) element

d.) compound

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a.) alloy

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tyndall effect

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scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid

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boiling point

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the temperature a liquid becomes a gas

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density

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the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of a substance (g/mL or g/cm^3)

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melting point

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the temperature a solid becomes a liquid

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reactivity

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the capacity of a substance to combine chemically with another substance

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physical property

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characteristic that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

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state

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physical form of a substance

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chemical property

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describes how a substance changes into a new substance

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flammability

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ability to burn (chemical)

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atom

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the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element

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mixture

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a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

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pure substance

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sample of matter either a single element or single compound that has definite chemical and physical properties

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matter can be classified into 2 main groups

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heterogeneous and homogeneous

these groups depend on how evenly the components are distributed

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miscible

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can be mixed and will stay mixed

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immiscible

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do not mix and will not stay mixed

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alloy

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a solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals

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colloid

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mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between solutions and suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas

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emulsion

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any mixture of two or more immiscible liquids in which one liquid is dispersed into the other

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solute

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in a solution; the substance that is being dissolved

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solvent

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in a solution; the substance (usually liquid) in which something is being dissolved into

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solution

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a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed

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suspension

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a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a gas or liquid

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heterogeneous mixture

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substances aren't evenly distributed

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homogeneous

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particles are evenly dispersed; is a uniform mixture

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sorting

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separating components of a mixture

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malleability

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how easy it is to change an objects shape

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hardness

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ability to be scratched or scratch something

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solubility

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ability to dissolve into

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viscosity

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resistance of a fluid to flow (varies with temperature)

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aqueous

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containing water/watery