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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
materials combined physically but not chemically
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mixture
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True or False? If false, explain why.
All gases are nonmetals. |
true
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True or False? If false, explain why.
All nonmetals are gases. |
false
A few nonmetals are solids and liquid. |
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What is the composition of air?
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78% nitrogen
21% oxygen 0.9% argon 0.1% carbon dioxide, neon, helium, krypton, water vapor, other gases |
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materials that make up a substance
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composition
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fog-like haze formed by smoke and other air pollutants
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smog
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What are the room temperature nonmetal gases? (hint: 11)
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1) hydrogen 2) helium 3) nitrogen 4) oxygen 5) fluorine 6) chlorine 7) neon 8) argon 9) krypton 10) xenon 11) radon
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What are the room temperature nonmetal solids? (hint: 5)
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1) carbon 2) phosphorous 3) sulfur 4) iodine 5) astatine
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What is the room temperature nonmetal liquid? (hint: 1)
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1) bromine
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Who discovered chlorine?
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Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele
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How was chlorine discovered?
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Scheele put a few drops of hydrochloric acid on a piece of manganese dioxide
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substance made of different kinds of elements joined together
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compound
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not letting light pass through
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opaque
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True or False? If false, explain why.
All metals are opaque. |
true
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a form of carbon, used in pencils, lubricants, and other products
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graphite
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True or False? If false, explain why.
All nonmetals are opaque. |
false
most nonmetals that are solid are opaque |
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stopping some, but not all, light from passing through
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translucent
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letting light pass through
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transparent
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What causes "the bends?"
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Nitrogen bubbles form in the body if the scuba diver surfaces too quickly. Theses bubbles can cause pain, dizziness, loss of feeling, or even death.
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True or False? If false, explain why.
Nonmetals have lower densities than metals. |
true
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mass of a certain volume of an object
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density
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What unit is density measured in?
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grams per cubic centimeters
or kilograms per cubic meter |
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amount of matter that makes up something
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mass
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What unit is mass measured in?
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grams
or kilograms |
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How do you find the densiy of an object?
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density = mass / volume
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smallest particle of an element
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atom
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atoms of an element joined in pairs
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diatomic
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What are some diatomic gases?
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hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, fluorine
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substance made of different kinds of atoms joined together
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compound
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True or False? If false, explain why.
Nonmetals can only join with other nonmetals. |
false
Nonmetals can join with other nonmetals and metals. |
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able to be hammered, rolled, or shaped without breaking
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malleable
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able to be drawn into a wire
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ductile
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True or False? If false, explain why.
Nonmetals are malleable and ductile. |
false
Nonmetals are neither malleable nor ductile. |
|
True or False? If false, explain why.
All solid nonmetals are brittle. |
true
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firm, but easily broken
will break rather than bend or stretch |
brittle
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True or False? If false, explain why.
Solid nonmetals do not have a metallic luster. |
true
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shine that metals have
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luster
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True or False? If false, explain why.
Solid nonmetals look shiny. |
false
Solid nonmetals look dull. |
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material that heat or electricity can easily pass through
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conductor
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True or False? If false, explain why.
Nonmetals are not good conductors of heat and electricity. |
true
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meterial that is difficult for heat or electricity to pass through
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insulator
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True or False? If false, explain why.
Most of the mass of an atom is in its nucleus. |
true
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dense, positively charged center of an atom
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nucleus
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What two particle make up the nucleus of an atom?
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protons and neutrons
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positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
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proton
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uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom
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neutron
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tiny negatively charged particle outside the nucleus of an atom
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electron
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When is an atom neutral?
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When there is the same number of electrons and the same numbers of protons in an atom.
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an atom or group of atoms that has an extra positive or extra negative electrical charge
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ion
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substance made of only one kind of atom
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element
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What is the basic unit of an element?
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atom
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chart in which elements are grouped according to similar properties
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periodic table
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Why do all elements in a group have similar properties?
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Their electrons are arranged in similar patterns.
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What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
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groups
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True or False? If false, explain why.
All nonmetals are on the right-hand side of the periodic table. |
false
Except for hydrogen, all nonmetals are on the right-hand side of the periodic table. |
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elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals
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metalloid
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How many metalloids are there and what are they?
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7 metalloids
1) boron 2) silicon 3) germanium 4) arsenic 5) selenium 6) antimony 7) tellunum |
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layer of gas that surrounds the earth
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atmosphere
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What is the most common element in the universe?
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hydrogen
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Which gas has the lowest density?
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hydrogen
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True or False? If false, explain why.
Acids contain hydrogen. |
true
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The chemical reaction between an acid and a metal produces what?
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hydrogen gas
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form of carbon made from coal
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coke
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True or False? If false, explain why.
Hydrogen is not flammable. |
false
Hydrogen is very flammable. When hydrogen burns, it joins with oxygen very quickly, releasing huge amounts of heat. |
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Why do you have to be careful when recharghing a car battery?
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Car batteries contain a strong acid. Recharging it produces hydrogen gas. A spark or flame near the batter can make it explode.
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poisonous gas produced as carbon burns when there is not enough oxygen
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carbon dioxide
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any material that can be burned to produce useful heat or power
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fuel
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What compound dissolves easily in water, is used in many household cleaning products, and fertilizers?
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ammonia
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chemical added to soil to help plants grow better
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fertilizer
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to mix completely and evenly
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dissolve
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compound of oxygen and another element
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oxide
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fatty substances in some food that can clog blood vessels
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cholesterol
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How is hydrogen used in foods?
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Vegetable oil is treated with hydrogen and changes from liquid to a solid, such as margarine. Since margarine has less cholestorol than butter, margarine is used as a substitute for butter.
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contamination by harmful substances in the air, in water, or on land
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pollution
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What form of hydrogen is used as rocket fuel?
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liquid hydrogen
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Although diamonds and graphite are both made of carbon, how do they differ?
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Diamond has a high density. Graphite has a low density.
In diamond, carbon atoms are packed in a tight, repeating pattern. In graphite, carbon atoms are weakly joined together in layers. |
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slippery substance used to make machine parts move smoothly and easily
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lubricant
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