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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of these is not part of the skeletal system?
A. ligaments B. tendons C. bones D. cartilage |
B. tendons
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Which of the following functions of the skeletal system is most affected by gravity?
A. lipid storage B. body support C. protection of internal organs D.blood cell production |
B. body support
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Which of these is a primary role of the skeletal system?
A. Muscle attachment site B. leverage C. calcium homeostasis D. All of these are primary roles of the skeletal system. |
D. All of these are primary roles of the skeletal system.
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Osteoblasts differentiate from __________.
A. osteocytes B. osteoclasts C. osteoprogenitor cells D. osteomedullary cells |
C. osteoprogenitor cells
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Osteoblasts are squamous cells that develop into ___________.
A. osteocytes B. osteoclasts C. osteoprogenitor cells D. Osteoblasts develop into all three of these cell types. |
A. osteocytes
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Which of the following characteristics applies to the cells known as osteoclasts?
A.The cells secrete matrix. B. The cells dissolve matrix. C. They are mature bone cells. D. They are stem cells. |
B. The cells dissolve matrix
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The function of the osteoclasts is to ________________.
A. break down bone B. lay down matrix fibers C. maintain bone D. build bone |
A. break down bone
(osteoclasts function to break down bone for release of calcium) |
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Spongy bone comprises an open meshwork of osseous spicules called __________.
A. trabeculae B. lacunae C. concentric lamellae D. osteons |
A. trabeculae
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The type of bone that forms the diaphysis of a long bone is called __________ bone.
A. cancellous B. compact C. trabecular D. spongy |
B. compact
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Spongy bone is filled with ____________.
A. the osteons B. fatty marrow C. red marrow D. compact bone |
C. red marrow
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During endochondral bone formation, the primary ossification center is located in the __________.
A. distal epiphysis B. diaphysis C. proximal epiphysis D. metaphysis |
B. diaphysis
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What structure is necessary for a bone to grow in length?
A. epiphyseal cartilage B. periosteal bud C. lacunae D. diaphysis |
A. epiphyseal cartilage
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Which of these forms by intramembranous bone formation?
A. mandible B. humerus C. long bones D. carpal bones |
A. mandible
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Endochondral bone development begins with the formation of a(n) __________.
A. metaphysis B. epiphysis C. cartilage model D. diaphysis |
C. cartilage model
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Migration of blood vessels into the central region of the cartilage bone model, starting bone development, occurs at which site?
A. secondary ossification center B. periosteum C. epiphysis D. primary ossification center |
D. primary ossification center
(The primary ossification center is formed in the central region of the cartilage model) |
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Migration of osteoblasts into the ___________ creates the __________.
A. epiphysis, primary ossification center B. diaphysis, tertiary ossification center C. epiphysis, secondary ossification center D. diaphysis, secondary ossification center |
C. epiphysis, secondary ossification center
(migration of capillaries and osteoblasts into the epiphysis creates the secondary ossification center) |
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If osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts, bones may become __________.
A. stronger B. denser C. thicker D. any of these changes may result if osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts |
D. any of these changes may result if osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts
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Which of these cell types plays a role in bone remodeling?
A. osteocyte B. osteoblast C. osteoclast D. All of these types of cells are involved in bone remodeling. |
D. All of these types of cells are involved in bone
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Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
A. thyroid hormones B. calcitriol C. calcitonin D. parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
C. calcitonin
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PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
A. vitamin D B. thyroid hormones C. calcitronin D. calcitriol |
D. calcitriol
(parathyroid hormone promotes the formation of calcitriol. Vitamin D must be activated to be hormonally capable |
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Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)
A. increase osteoclasts B. increase osteoblasts on bone C. increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney |
B. increase osteoblasts on bone
(PTH would NOT increase osteoblasts. Osteoblasts store calcium on bone, thus lowering plasma calcium levels) |
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Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
A. parathyroid hormone (PTH) B. calcitonin C. calcitriol |
C. calcitriol
(parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates Vitamin D into calcitriol in the kidney. Calcitriol then increases absorption of calcium in the intestine) |
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Which of these factors does not contribute significantly to normal bone formation?
A. exercise B. growth hormone C. potassium intake D. calcium intake |
C. potassium intake
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Which if these is not required for normal bone formation?
A. thyroid hormone B. vitamin A C. vitamin D D. vitamin E |
D. vitamin E
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Calcitriol is required for __________.
A. quieting osteoblasts B. activating osteoclasts C. collagen synthesis D. absorbing dietary calcium and phosphate |
D. absorbing dietary calcium and phosphate
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Parathyroid hormone causes what response in the kidneys?
A. increased rate of calcium uptake B. decreased calcium ion retention C. increased osteoblast activity D. retention of calcium ions |
D. retention of calcium ions
(PTH decreases calcium excretion at kidneys |
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A drop in blood calcium levels stimulates the secretion of _____________.
A. growth hormone B. thyroid hormone C. calcitonin D. parathyroid hormone |
D. parathyroid hormone
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Roughly what portion of the body's total calcium content is deposited in the skeleton?
A. 75% B. 95% C. 85% D. 99% |
D. 99%
(bones contain 99% of the body's calcium and 99% of the body's phosphorus) |
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What is normally found at a fracture hematoma?
A. blood clot B. bone fragments C. dead bone D. all of these are found at the site of a fracture hematoma |
D. all of these are found at the site of a fracture hematoma
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When a fractured bone heals it leaves a thickened region known as a ____________.
A. Fracture hematoma B. tuberosity C. bone scab D. callus |
D. callus
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In a __________ fracture, the broken bone penetrates through the skin.
A. green stick B. closed C. epiphyseal D. compound |
D. compound
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Which of the following is formed immediately after a fracture?
A. internal callus B. hematoma C. external callus D. spongy bone |
B. hematoma
(bleeding occurs over several hours, resulting in a blood clot aka hematoma) |
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A bone scan of an older patient revealed the beginnings of osteoporosis. Which of these interventions is not recommended?
A. vitamin D supplements B. calcium supplements C. vitamin C supplements D. bed rest |
D. bed rest
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