Mastering Biology

Front 1

For a short-day plant, the ___ is critical in determining if flowering will occur

Back 1

minimum number of hours of darkness

Front 2

For a long-day plant, the ___ is critical in determining if flowering will occur

Back 2

maximum number of hours of darkness

Front 3

Day-neutral plants flower regardless of ___

Back 3

day length, night length, or photoperiod

Front 4

What would inhibit flowering in a short-day plant with a critical night length of 12 hours?

Back 4

12 hours of light, 6 hours of dark, a flash of red light, 6 hours of dark

Front 5

What would stimulate flowering in a long-day plant with a critical night length of 12 hours?

Back 5

12 hours of light, 6 hours of dark, a flash of red light, 6 hours of dark

Front 6

What is the physical basis of the phototropic response?

Back 6

cell elongation

Front 7

How are auxin distributed in the shoots

Back 7

asymmetrically because the auxin on the side of the plant facing the source of light moves to the side of the plant away from the light

Front 8

Where does the majority of stem growth in a plant occur?

Back 8

apical meristem

Front 9

What is true of hormones?

Back 9

they can function at a very low concentration

Front 10

What term describes the direction of auxin transport in a plant?

Back 10

polar

Front 11

How does auxin produce gravitropism in a plant that is placed on its side?

Back 11

auxin accumulates on the lower surface of the root and inhibits elongation of cells in that region

Front 12

How does auxin produce phototropism?

Back 12

auxin accumulates in cells on the side of the plant opposite the source of light and stimulates their elongation

Front 13

After leaf abscission, growth will resume from the ___

Back 13

axillary bud

Front 14

What kind of trees lose their leaves in preparation for winter?

Back 14

Deciduous

-maples

Front 15

Which organism does not cause disease in plants?

Back 15

herbivore

Front 16

Which structure does not protect stems and leaves from damage by herbivores?

Back 16

stomata

Front 17

Why do plants not produce many defense against pathogens?

Back 17

requires a lot of energy and materials to produce and maintain

Front 18

What is the initial localized response of a resistant plant to pathogen invasion?

Back 18

Hypersensitive response

Front 19

How does a plant defend against herbivores?

Back 19

the hormone systemin is produced at the site of injury and signals the plant to produce proteinase inhibitors

Front 20

First step in blue-light photoreceptors and phototropism

Back 20

plant shoot is exposed to blue light on one side, but not the other

Front 21

Second step in blue-light photoreceptors and phototropism

Back 21

phototrophins in the shoot tip absorb blue light

Front 22

Third step in blue-light photoreceptors and phototropism

Back 22

auxin is released asymmetrically at the tip of the shoot

Front 23

Fourth step in blue-light photoreceptors and phototropism

Back 23

auxin binds to an auxin receptor

Front 24

Fifth step in blue-light photoreceptors and phototropism

Back 24

proton pump activity in the cell membrane increases

Front 25

Six step in blue-light photoreceptors and phototropism

Back 25

the cell wall becomes more acidic

Front 26

Seven step in blue-light photoreceptors and phototropism

Back 26

proteins called expansins are activited

Front 27

Eighth step in blue-light photoreceptors and phototropism

Back 27

connections between cellulose microfibris are loosened

Front 28

Nine step in blue-light photoreceptors and phototropism

Back 28

water enters the cell. Turgor increases and exapnds the cell

Front 29

Ten step in blue-light photoreceptors and phototropism

Back 29

plant shoot grows unequally, causing the plant shoot to bend toward the blue light

Front 30

Ovules are found within?

Back 30

ovaries

Front 31

What is unique to flowering plants?

Back 31

double fertilization

Front 32

The male gametophytes of flowering plants are aka

Back 32

pollen grains

Front 33

In flowering plants the integuments of the ovule develop into what?

Back 33

seed coat

Front 34

Carpel

Back 34

stigma, style, ovary

Front 35

Stamen

Back 35

anther, filament

Front 36

In angiosperms, pollination is the transfer of pollen grain to the ___

Back 36

stigma

Front 37

What is endosperm?

Back 37

via cotyledons, a source of food for the embryo

Front 38

What part of the flower develops into the seed?

Back 38

ovule

Front 39

What process involves the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma

Back 39

pollination

Front 40

What structure formed by the male gametophyte allows sperm to reach the ovary of a flowering plant

Back 40

pollen tube