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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Cantril study of media effects found that
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better-educated people were less likely to believe what the media said.
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The 1971 study of violence and TV, conducted by george Gerbner, found that
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TV violence affected some children who were already pre-disposed to violence.
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The People's Choice study
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found that family and friends have more effect on people's voting decisions than the media.
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The report "Television Advertising to Children" revealed that
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younger children pay more attention to TV than older children.
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After studying the 1972 Presidential race (The Unseeing Eye), researchers Thomas Patterson and Robert McClure concluded that political advertising on TV
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always worked to get voters to switch their support, affected the way a mjority decides to vote, was able to manipulate about 7% of voters, is the least cost effective method of reaching voters.
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researcher Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann says the media discourage people from expressing views that disagree with the prevailing point of view. This effect is called:
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the spiral of silence.
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After congress held hearings on violent content in TV programming in 1993, cable operators and network broadcasters agreed:
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to develop violence ratings for TV programming.
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The cost of National and State-wide political campaigns has:
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remained the same from 2000 to the 2008 election.
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Which was the first major media effects study to find that people with different personality characteristics interpreted media messages differently?
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The Cantril Study
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Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas were:
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animators at Disney who made 23 films over their career.
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In the classic definition, public relations involves
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creating understanding for or good will towards, a company, a person, or a product.
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An organized attack against a corporation presented on the internet is called a:
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Cybersmear
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The nation's largest single employer of public information people is
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the federal government.
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What is NOT recommended by public relations experts in the event of a company crisis?
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Avoid telling the whole truth.
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Many firms attempt to use PR to get positive publicity for their products because:
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It is cheaper to get a publicity release published than to purchase an ad.
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In the future, PR people must:
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pay close attention to the media industries, expand overseas, incorporate new technologies, and be aware of changing demographics.
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The internet offers many benefits for PR companies because:
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It can deliver information quickly, PR helps create a company's face on the internet, nes releases can be made available online, and company profiles can be made available online.
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Which types of industries are likely to use PR?
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Businesses, non-profit organizations, educational institutions, and professional sports teams.
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What is a major difference between the practice of public relations and the practice of advertising?
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Advertising people usually aren't involved in corporate policy decisions and PR people are.
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The word "ethics" derives from the Greek word "ethos", which means:
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traditions that govern a culture.
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New York Times reporter Zachery Kouwe was suspended because he:
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plagiarized portions of an article he had written for The Times from an article by a Wall Street Journal reporter.
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When reporters go on free trips and/or are given free passes t entertainment events, it could result in:
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conflict of interest.
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Which overriding ethical question is raised when the media report that a famous person is suffering from AIDS?
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Is it an invasion of the person's privacy?
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Making decisions based on principles that you want to be universally applied is an example of:
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Kant's categorical imperative.
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A readers' representative(ombudsperson):
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acts as a go-between from the public to the newsroom.
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Disinformation is the practice of:
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government misleading the media to achieve its objectives with the public.
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What activity runs counter to the Society of Professional Journalists' ethical guideline to "act independently"?
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CNN's reporters blending in with Fish and Wildlife agents during a raid on a ranch in Montana.
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What is advertising?
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A support industry in America, any paid form of non-personal presentation by a sponsor, how consumers pay for most of their media, and overseen by the FCC.
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Daniel Boorstin said advertising in the U.S. have:
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repetition, an advertising style, and ubiquity.
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The ubiquity of advertising means that
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advertising is everywhere.
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The term "demographics" refers to
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the analysis of audience characteristics, such as sex, age and marital status.
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Advertisers use a formula based on the cost of reaching how many people?
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1,000.
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Where do small, local businesses tend to spend their advertising funds?
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Newspaper advertising.
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The federal agency responsible for monitoring ads for deception is
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the Federal Trade Commision.
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The food and drug administration
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oversees claims that appear on food labels.
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During the civil war
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reporters were accredited for the first time as war correspondents by the government.
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The top internet site today is
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Yahoo! News
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The Audience for TV network news is
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declining.
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News organizations like CNN and ABC News increasingly seek to hire reporters that:
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are good looking, prize winning photo journalists, all- or single- platform journalists.
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The first TV newscasts
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were 15 minutes long.
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The Golden Age of television began in
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1961 with President John F. Kennedy's inauguration.
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Which term describes journalists who were allowed to cover the Iraq war(supervised by the US military) on the front line?
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"Embedded".
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The tendency of journalists to report similar quick conclusions about an event is called
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consensus journalism.
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News coverage of WW2 was
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an opportunity for radio to bring America closer to the action then they had never been.
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Concerning the policy of embedded reporters with troops in the Iraq war, they
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did not exclude combat reporters.
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The ______ theory of the press assumes people with opposing views will be heard.
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Libertarian.
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In most developmental countries, radio
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is the dominant communications medium.
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The print media model of fairness and balance in news coverage is strongest in what country?
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Canada.
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In 2002, for the first time the number of cell phones
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exceeded the number of land lines.
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Ethnocentric
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promoting the superiority of one ethic group over another.
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Journalists in Latin America face danger because
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the media can represent a challenge to political power.
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U.S. is ranked first in the number of wireless hotspots and has twice as many hotspots than the runner-up...
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China.
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The International Herald Tribune:
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is currently the world's largest english-language newspaper (180 countries), is based in Paris, published at 35 sites worldwide, owned wholly by the New York Times, and was founded by J Gordon Bennett Jr.
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What is NOT a factor now prompting media companies in the U.S. to seek a global audience?
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Worldwide acceptance of U.S. programming by all foreign governments.
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