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241 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sumner Redstone's company. Links to subsidiaries, including Paramount movie studie; MTC, Nichelodeon
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Viacom
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News is
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nonficiton reports on waht people want or need to know
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advertisements
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messages ingtended to persuade people to buy
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public relations
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messages intended to win support
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One-time bound publications of enduring value on a single topic
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books
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ongoing bound publications of continuing value with diverse topics
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magazines
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unbound publicaitons, generally weekly or daily, with diverse, timely content
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newpapers
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Books, magazines and newpapers
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print media
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recordings, radio, television, web, whose messages are stored electronically fro transmission and retrieval
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electronic media
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Underlying technology for movies is photographic chemistry
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chemical medium
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Print media, which requires intimate audience involvement
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hot media
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Cool media
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can be used passively
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Melding of media role as purveyor of information and entertainment
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infotainment
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Divides functions of media companies into a creation category, like producing a television program, to a distribution fucktion, like delivering the program on a cable system
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content-distribution model
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A single corporation or individual's total control over prouction that can stifle competion.
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vertical integration
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looks at mass media in terms of development in a sequence of innovation, entrepreneurship and stability
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maturation model
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new media
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whatever is the current mdia technology whose potential has not been fully recognized
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when technology is being explored for what becomes a new mass medium
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innovation stage
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entrepreneurial stage
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when profit possibilities are being found for new media technology
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when the technology and audience become well defined as an identificable industry comes into existence
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stability stage
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elitists
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focus on media responsibility to society
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applaud media that attracts a large following
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populists
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Number of copies of a publication that circulate
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circulation
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Government-required paid notices
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legals
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Media focus on a narrower audience segments
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demassification
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Emerging narriowly focsed advertising vehicles
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alternative media
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combing of companies into large compaines
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conglomeration
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Robert Maxwell
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Global media mogul who overexpaned
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Ben Bagdikian
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critic of media consolidation
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Converstaion of all media to a common digital technology
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melding
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Efficient, compact storage and transmission of data
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digitization
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integration of text, sound and video with the audience controlling the sequence of presentation
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configurable video
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Sending news to readers' computer screens
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electronic delivery
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William Randolph Hearst
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Chain owner who dictated contents of all his newpapers
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Newspaper chain
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company that owns several newpapers
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Gannett
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A leading U.S. newspaper chain with 90 dailies
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local autonomy
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independence from chain headquarters
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company headquarters in a faraway city
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absentee ownership
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Collective gargaining agent at 134 U.S. Canandian newspapers
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Newspapre Guild
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Garnett national daily founded in 1981
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USA Today
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Creator of USA Today
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Allen Neuharth
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Second largest U.S. daily newspaper
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Wall Street Journal
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Cofounder of Wall Street Journal 1882
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Charles Dow
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Cofounder of Wall Street Journal
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Edward Jones
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Created the modern Wall Street Journal
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Barney Kilgore
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FOunded the Christain Science Monitor in 1908
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Mary Barker Eddy
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boston-based national U.S. newsparer
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Christain Science Monitor
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Most respected U.S. hometown daily
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NEw Your Times
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Corrupt New York leader in the 1860s and 1870s who exposed by the New York Times
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William Marcy Tweed
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NEw YOrk Times reporter on the Tweed Ring scandal
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George Jones
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Alabama police commisioner who sued the NEw York Times for libel over a 1960s antiracial segregation advertisement
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L.B Sullivan
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Times v. Sullivan
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1964 case that relzed libel restriction on the news media in covering public policy
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Secret government study that, when reported int he NEw York Times, led to a Suprme Court decision that discouraged censorship
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Pentagon papers
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Reporter who committed serial fabrications in the New York Times
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Jayosn Blair
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Established reputaiton covering Watergate
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Washington Post
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Conservative newspaper
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Washington Times
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Largest circulation U.S. hometown dailty
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Los Angeles
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Edited primarily for readers in a defined region
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hometown daily
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Free-standing insert (FSI)
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preprinted advertising ciculars inserted in newspaprers
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Clustering
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busying newspaper with adjointing circulations to cut operating costs
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Lsting readers' names
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telephone book journalism
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An advertsing paper without news
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shopper
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Among the founderes of Village Voice
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Norman Mailer, Don Wolf
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Model for contemporary alternative press
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Village Voice
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Generally antiestablishment publication for a young alenated audience
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alternative press
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Countercultre newspapers
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challenge, defy mainstream vaules
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Founder of the Advocate
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Jim Michaels
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First gay newsper, 1967
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the Advocate
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Daily black newspaer that continues with probing journalism
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Chicago Daily Defener
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First black newspaper, by John Russwurm and Saamuel Cornish
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Freedom' journal
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Antislavery black newspaper founded by Frederick Douglass
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North Star
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Black newspaper founed by W.E.B Dubois
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Crisis
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Leading Spanish-language dialy, Miami
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El Nuevo Herald
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Percentage of persons or households that a newpaper reaches in its circulation area
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penetration
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Space in a publication after ads are inserted
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news hole
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Foreign correspondent known for CNN work from world hot spots
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Christiane Amanpour
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From the founding of the colonies to the American revolution
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colonical period
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Published Publick Occurrences
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Benjamin Harris
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First colonial newspaper, Boston
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PUblick Occurrences
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Defied authories in New York Journal
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John Peter Zenger
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Urged truth as defense for libel
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Andrew Hamilton
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Viewed newspapers as instigating revolution
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Arthur Schlesinger
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Partisan Period
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From the American Revolution at least to the 1830s.
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Essays with diverse views on the form the new nation should take
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Federalist papers
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John Adams
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Federalist president
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Discouraged criticism of government
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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Punished for criticising the majority party
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David Bowen
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Anit-federalist president
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Thomas Jefferson
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Member of Congress jailed for criticism of President Adams
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Matthew Lyon
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Published the New York Sun
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Benjamin Day
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First penny newspaper
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New York Sun
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One-cent newsppaer geared to mass audience and mass advertising
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penny press period
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Organized the first methodical news coverage
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James Gordon Bennett
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Pioneered editorials
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Horace Greeley
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Invented the telegraph
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Samuel Morse
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Delivered by telegraph
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lightning news
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Most important information first
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inverted pyramid
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co-op to gather, distribute news
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associated press
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telling news without bias
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objective reporting
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Late 1800s, marked by sensationalism
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yellow press period
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emphasized himan interest in newspapers, later sensationalized
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joseph pulitzer
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Stunt reporter
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Nellie Bly
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Built circulation with sensationalism
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William Randolph Hearst
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Illustrator sent by Hearst to find atrocities in Cubia
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Federic Remington
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Developed the New York times as a serious newspaper
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Adolph Ochs
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1920s, similar to yellow journalism
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jazz journalism
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Concluded that journalist have mainstream values
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Herbert Gans
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Seeign things on the basis of personal experience values
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ethnocentrism
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Found that most journalist see themelves as policically centrists
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John Johnstone
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Found that journalists' poitical positions shift with the population
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David Weaver
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Significance of events worth covering varies from day to day
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flow
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available staff respurces to cover news
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staffing
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News organization second-guessing competion in decided coverage
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consensible nature of news
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Person who decides whether or not to shorten, drop or change a story en route to the mass audience
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gatekeeper
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Proactive news-gathering
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exloratory reporting
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Seeking stories that would nto surface on their own and that subjects would prefer not be told
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investigative journalism
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reporting of Nixon administration scandal
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Watergate
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Washington Post report who dug up Watergate
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Carl Benstein
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caustic interview style
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adversarial approach to subjects
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Geared to satisfying audience's information wants, not needs
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soft news
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A 2003 Iraq war term for reporters accompanyin or embedded with, U.S. military combat units
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embeds
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Uncensured field reporting from the Vietnam war
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rice-root reporting
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pool systme
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reporters chosen on a rotating basis to cover an event to which acceess is limited
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Union secretary of state who organized Civil War censorship for senstive military news
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Edwin Stanton
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Civil War reporter remembered mostly for his Antietam battle story
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George Smalley
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Civil War reporter who was court-martialed for unauthorized, critical Vicksburg battle coverage
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Thomas Knox
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Communication
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ewxchange of ideas, information
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intrapersonal communication
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talking to oneself
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interpersonal communication
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usually two people face to face
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group communication
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more than two people
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mass communication
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many recipients; not face to face
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mass communicators
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message crafters
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mass message
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what is communicated
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vehicles tha tcarry messages
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mass media
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recipients of mass messages
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mass audiences
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Devised a basic communication model, with Warren Weaver
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Cluade Shannon
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Devised a basic communication model with Cluade Shannon
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Warren Weaver
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basic communication model
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shows sender, encoding, tgransmission, decoding, receiver
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devised the narrative model
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harold lasswwell
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describes process in words, no schmatics
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narrative model
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Thomas Bohn
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devised the concentric cirlce model, with Ray Hiebert, Don Ungurait
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useful radiating model of the mass communication process
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concentric circle model
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stimulation
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stirs someone to communicate
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putting something into symbols
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encoding
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sending a message
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transmission
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translating a symbolic message
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decoding
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making sense of a decoded message
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internatlization
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homophyly
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a doing oneness that make communicaiton possible
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nonmedia people who influence messages
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regulators
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try to influence media messages, policies, include citgizen gorups, government agencies
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pressure group
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gatekeeper-regulator hybrids
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media trade, professional groups
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impedes communication before messages reaches receiver
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noise
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sloppy messsage-crafting
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semantic noise
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interference during trransmission
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channel noise
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interference at reception site
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environmental noise
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receiver factor taht impedes communication
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filters
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informational filter
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receiver's knowledge limits impede deciphering symbols
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receiver's alertnesss impedes deciphering
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physical filter
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receiver's state of mind impeds
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psychological filter
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speading a message
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amplification
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credence that a topic or issue receives beicause of media attention
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status conferral
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feedback
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recipient's response to the sender
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effect
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result of mass communication
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_____ network's total adult 18-49 rating points
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1/3
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Rupert Murdoch
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media manipulator
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American children see how many commericals each year
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30-40k
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Propaganda
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information to help or harm a person or organization
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pR
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laid back promotion of product/organizational person
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Newspaper is cold or hot media
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hot
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books are cold or hot media
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hot
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movies are cold or hot media
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hot
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magazines are cold or hot media
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cold
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radio is cold or hot media
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cold
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tv is cold or hot media
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cold
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Estates of society
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legislative, executive, judicial, the press
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United States government is
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libertarian
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preferred newspaper over governement
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thomas jeffereson
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Joseph McCarty was a
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sen. from WI, mian job was to hunt out communists
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Johannes Gutenberg invented
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movable type
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William Caxton invented
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printing press
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The first english newspaper
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The Courant
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Benjamin Harris
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Public Occurrences, Both Foregin and Domestrick
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The story taht got Harris into trouble
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Indian Allies mistreat French captives
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Sedicious libel
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no defense, rules: sued for anything
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James and Benj. Franklin invented
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New England Courant
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Zenger spent _ months in prision for criticizing Gov. William Cosby
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9
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Alien and Sedition Act
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False statements about government
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Women colonial publishers
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Anna Zenger, Anne Franklin, Elizabeth Timothy
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Elijah Lovejoy
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St. Louis Observer journalists, anit-slavery newspaper...was shot and killed
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Benjamin Day
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began the New York Sun...one penny per paper
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James Gordon Bennett
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New York Harald, challenged NEw York sun
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Horace greely
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owned New Yorker, New york Tribune
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mathew Brady
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first photojouanlist
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Nelly Bly
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real name Elizabeth Cochran, a journalist eposed sanatarm, went around the world in 72 days
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The camera is a
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weapon
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Peter Arnette
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broadcast from hotel in Baghadad during the bombings.
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Bob schieffer said
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there must be at least two sources of information for the public: government and press
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bob Woodruff's favorite passage
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"I wish to live deliberately And not, when I come to die, Discover that I have not lived" Henry David Thoreau
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First Amendment protects the
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fourth estate
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"Were it left to me to decide whether we should have governemnt without newspaper or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate to prefer the latter"
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Thomas Jefferson
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"Give me the right to know to utter freely, according to consience, abover all liberties"
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John Milton
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"I'd rather face all the armies of the world than 3 hostile newspapers
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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James& Benj. Franklin
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NEw England Courant, fought opposition of puritans
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John PEter Zenger
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NEw York Weekly JOurnal
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Andrew Hamilton
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Refused to accept 1735 interpretation
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Horace Greeley
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owned New YOrk Tribune, "The Conscience of the Nation"
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"To Serve No party but eh People"
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Joseph Pulitzer
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Josephy Pulitzer
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did more toward seeting the pattern of modern journalism thananyone else
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WIlliam Randolph Hearst
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took over Pulitzer's world in 12 months, Yellow jOurnalism. "The yellow Kid"
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The yellow kid
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Richard Oucault
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"You supply the pictures, I'll supply the War!"
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William Randolph Hearst
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Dividing Newpapers
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70% advertising. 30% news
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AP=
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neutral objective
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Edward W. Scripps
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INS
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UP + INS = UPI
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William Randolph HEarst
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United PRess was
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HEarst style, human interst persona;
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Internation News Service
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aggrfessive, guality writing,
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Associated PResss
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Largest in World
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TASS is now
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Interfax...declining
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United PRess International
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once a contender, no US regional coverage today
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NEws World owned by
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Unification Church
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Features syndicated material includeds
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critiques, adivce columns, interior decorating
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Major news beats of AP and UPI are
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government, politics, sports
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NEw York times was
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Founded by Henry Raymond, Tammany Hall, purchased by Adolpoh Och
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The New York TImes vs. Tammany Hall ezposed
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Boss Tweed In NYC
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Smalley
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wrote storyies of the Sherman Marched without censorship...and then jumped a train toa void the the conseqeunces
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Ernie Pyle
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wrote for Time, awarded Pulitzer Prize for journalism, killed by a sniper in US forces to Okinawa
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"First casualty in war is Truth"
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Senator Hiram JOhnson
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THe nation's NEwspapers
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USA Today, Wall Street Journal, The New York Times
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Four Freedoms of the PRess
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Freedom from Censorship, Freedom: Confidentiality of Sources, Freedom of Independent Editorial Judgement, Freedom to Critize Public Officials
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"News is what I decide is news"
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Chet Huntley, ABC News
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Al Neuharth
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USA TOday
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Barney Kilgore
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Wall Street Journal
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Mary Baker Eddy
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Christian Science Monitor
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Christiane Amanpour
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CNN/CBS
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Jon Peter Zenger
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New YOrk Journal
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Benjamin Day
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New York Sun
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Bellie Bly
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NEw YOrk World
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Ida Wells
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Barentt-Free Speech and Red Record
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Matt Drudge
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711 to Winchell
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Woodward and Bernstein
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Washington Post
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