Marine Biology

Front 1

Marine Biology can best be described as:
A) The study of life
B) The study of the marine environment
C) The study of marine animals
D) All of the above

Back 1

D) All of the above

Front 2

The first marine lab established in the world in Naples, Italy in 1872 was the?

Back 2

Stazione Zoologica.

Front 3

The first marine lab established in the US at Woods Hole, Massachusetts was the?

Back 3

Marine Biological Laboratory.

Front 4

The scientific Method consists of?

Back 4

Observations, Inductive and Deductive Reasoning, Experiment, control in and experiment, hypothesis, and conclusion.

Front 5

The innermost layer of the earth is called the?

Back 5

Core

Front 6

The core of the earth is composed mostly of?

Back 6

Iron

Front 7

The pressure in the core is more than a million times that at the?

Back 7

Earth’s Surface

Front 8

The layer outside the earths core is called the?

Back 8

Mantle

Front 9

Though most of the mantle is thought to be solid, it is very?

Back 9

Hot, near the melting point of rocks

Front 10

Because the mantle is so hot is flows almost like a?

Back 10

Liquid, swirling and mixing over hundreds of millions of years.

Front 11

The outermost layer of the earth is called the?

Back 11

Crust

Front 12

Compared with deep layers of the earth, the crust is extremely?

Back 12

Thin like a rigid skin floating on top of the mantle.

Front 13

The composition and characteristics of the crust differ greatly between the oceans and the?

Back 13

Continents

Front 14

A continuous chain of submarine volcanic mountains that encircles the globe like the seams on a baseball is called?

Back 14

The Mid Ocean Ridge

Front 15

What is the difference between Continental crust and Oceanic Crust?

Back 15

Oceanic Crust is much younger and more dense than Continental Crust.

Front 16

Continental Crust is composed of granite and Oceanic crust is compose of?

Back 16

A mineral called basalt

Front 17

A continuous chain of submarine volcanic mountains that encircles the globe like the seams on a baseball is called?

Back 17

The Mid Ocean Ridge

Front 18

What is the largest geological feature on Earth?

Back 18

The Mid Ocean Ridge

Front 19

At regular intervals the Mid Ocean Ridge is displaced to one side or the other by cracks, or faults, in the earths crust known as?

Back 19

Transform Faults

Front 20

Deep depressions in the sea floor are called?

Back 20

Trenches

Front 21

What is formed when two plates collide and one plate dips below the other and sinks back down into the mantle?

Back 21

Trench

Front 22

Magnetic anomalies are bands of rock that run parallel to the mid-ocean ridge system. What do they provide evidence for?

Back 22

Volcanoes form at ocean ridges.

Front 23

The sea floor was not formed all at once, but in strips that parallel the mid-ocean ridge called?

Back 23

Magnetic anomalies

Front 24

The abyssal plain is dotted with volcanic islands and submarine volcanoes called?

Back 24

Seamounts

Front 25

Distinctive flat-topped seamounts are called ____ are common in parts of the Pacific.

Back 25

Guyots

Front 26

The downward movement of one lithospheric plate into the mantle is called?

Back 26

Subduction and trenches are also called subduction zones

Front 27

The continental margins are the boundaries between continental crust and oceanic crust. Starting from the top and continuing to the bottom the margin consists of?

Back 27

Continental Shelf (ends at the shelf break), Continental Slope, Continental Rise, and ends at the Abyssal Plain.

Front 28

The four major Ocean Basins from largest to smallest are?

Back 28

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic.

Front 29

The relative size and depth of the Pacific Ocean is?

Back 29

64.2mi2 with an average depth of 13,741 feet

Front 30

The relative size and depth of the Atlantic Ocean is?

Back 30

33.4mi2 with an average depth of 12,258 feet

Front 31

The relative size and depth of the Indian Ocean is?

Back 31

28.3mi2 with an average depth of 12,704 feet

Front 32

The relative size and depth of the Arctic Ocean is?

Back 32

3.7mi2 with and average depth of 4,364 feet

Front 33

The shallowest part of the continental margin that is the richest part of the ocean with the most life and the best fishing is the?

Back 33

Continental Shelf.

Front 34

The closest thing to the exact edge of the continent is the?

Back 34

Continental Slope

Front 35

Sediment moves down a submarine canyon and accumulates in what portion of the continental margin?

Back 35

Continental Rise

Front 36

Trenches are zones of intense geological activity, including earthquakes and volcanoes, so this type of continental margin is called a?

Back 36

Active Margin (little to no shelf, steep slope, and trench with no rise)

Front 37

What type of continental margin has a flat coastal plain, wide shelves, and relatively gradual continental slopes?

Back 37

Passive Margin (Wide shelves, gentle slopes, and well-developed rise)

Front 38

Salinity units of measure are in part per?

Back 38

Thousand

Front 39

Factors that affect the salinity of water in the ocean are?

Back 39

Evaporation, Freezing, Precipitation, and Runoff.

Front 40

The temperature and salinity of seawater determine its density. Water gets ____ as it gets saltier, colder, or both.

Back 40

Denser

Front 41

Because the earth is round and roating, anything that moves over its surface tends to turn a little rather than moving in a straight line. This effect is called the?

Back 41

Coriolis effect

Front 42

In the northern hemisphere the Coriolis effect always deflects things to the right or left?

Back 42

Right

Front 43

In the southern hemisphere the Coriolis effect always deflects things to the right or left?

Back 43

Left

Front 44

Due to the Coriolis Effect, when wind pushes the upper most layer of water instead of it moving in the same the water moves off at an angle of?

Back 44

45 degrees this is know as the Ekmnan spiral

Front 45

Though each microlayer moves in a different direction, taken as a whole the Ekman layer moves at a 90 degrees from the wind direction. This process is called?

Back 45

Ekman Transport.

Front 46

Water molecules are made up of one oxygen atom and two small ____ atoms.

Back 46

Hydrogen

Front 47

Water naturally occurs in what three states or phases?

Back 47

Solid, Liquid and Gases.

Front 48

As water cools the molecules move slower and pack closer together making the water more or less dense?

Back 48

More dense

Front 49

When water freezes the molecules move so slowly the the hydrogen bonds take over, locking the molecules into a crystal that are farther apart. The water is now more or less dense?

Back 49

Less dense, this is why ice floats.

Front 50

The highest part of a wave is called the ____ and the lowest part is called the ____.

Back 50

Crest, Trough

Front 51

The vertical distance between the trough and the crest is called the?

Back 51

Wave height

Front 52

The distance between one wave crest and the next wave crest is called the?

Back 52

Wavelength

Front 53

The time a wave takes to go by a given point is called the?

Back 53

Period of the wave

Front 54

The span of open water over which the wind blows is called the?

Back 54

Fetch

Front 55

The size if the wave generated by the wind depends on the size of the?

Back 55

Fetch

Front 56

Once away from the wind waves settle into?

Back 56

Swells

Front 57

What occurs when the crest of one wave meets the trough of another?

Back 57

Wave cancellation

Front 58

What occurs when the crest of one wave meets the crest of another?

Back 58

Wave reinforcement

Front 59

The major wind fields of the atmosphere push the sea surface creating?

Back 59

Surface Currents

Front 60

Under the influence of the Coriolis effect, the wind-driven surface currents combine into huge, more or less systems called?

Back 60

Gyres

Front 61

What is a dominant influence on near-shore sea life?

Back 61

Tides

Front 62

Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the ___ and the ___.

Back 62

Moon and Sun

Front 63

What occurs at full and new moons when the sun and moon are in line with each other?

Back 63

Tidal Range (large difference between high and low tides)

Front 64

A tidal Range is called?

Back 64

Spring Tides, because they surge up like spring water

Front 65

When the sun and moon are at right angles their effects partially cancel each other. This is called?

Back 65

Neap Tides (Tidal range is small)

Front 66

Two high tides and two low tides a day are called?

Back 66

Semidiurnal Tides

Front 67

Successive high tides of different heights are called?

Back 67

Mixed Semidiurnal Tides

Front 68

An uncommon tide is when there is only one high and one low tide every day. This is called?

Back 68

Diurnal Tide

Front 69

In clear ocean water ____ light penetrates the deepest and ____ light the least.

Back 69

Blue, Red

Front 70

List the colors of light the penetrates from deepest to the least.

Back 70

Blue, Green, Yellow, Violet, Orange, and Red

Front 71

Water pressure increases __ atmosphere with each __m increase in depth.

Back 71

1 atmosphere, with every 10m of depth