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311 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is the most common type of holding device?

3 jaw self centering chuck

Why is the 3 jaw celf centering chuck important

it is the most common

What is the 4 jaw chuck used for?

rectangles, but more commonly for concentrics



What is special about the 4 jaw chuck?

each jaw can move independently



What is the chuck example in class

concentric offset piece

What is the concentric offset piece an example of

the 4 jaw independent chuck

What is the most harmful equipment

4 jaw chuck with chuck key

why is the 4 jaw chuck dangerous

the chuck key can fly and kill

what is the chuck key an example of

a harmful tool

what was passed around in class as dangerous

the chuck key

How does the chuck key become a problem?

If you forget to take out the chuck key, centrifugal force drives it out and hits the bed of the laith/bends and pops out vertically upwards

What is another example for putting in harms way?

Nail roofers disabling safety

What is the nail roofers an example of?

disabling safety like with chuck key

Problems with chucks

not easily automated

Describe a collet chuck

Example is chalk holder for blackboards; push end and fingers splay out; 2 cones internal and external; one with slots

What is the tool used to hold chalk for blackboards

collet chuck

what device has two cones

collet chuck

example of collet chuck

blackboard chalk holder

characteristics of collet chuck

collet, cap and cone; slotted, flexible and springy; not a lot of motion; you will get a cap and cone and a lot of diameter collets

Downfall of collet chucks

only good for holding round things

What is only good for holding round things?

collet chucks

Revolution of squares and circles?

describing collet chuck; used to buy square and make round; now cut circle to square

Positives of collet chuck

1. better grip 2. runs concentric 3. no marring (marking/damages because of multiple little fingers)

What can run concentric, has good grip, and does not mar?

collet chuck

Describe basics of drill chuck

used on a drill; similar to 3 jaw chuck; example is 3 jaw chuck for drill with key; can be used on power tools/machine tools

What is an alternate name for the drill chuck?

Jacob's chuck

What is the story for jacob's chuck?

Vacuum in england is called hoover

Why is hoover important?

comparison to jacob's chuck/drill chuck; what they call vacuum in england

Describe advancements of Jacob's chuck

advancement made in keyless varieties; with own hand strength, butn colalar

Downfallls of jacob's chuck/drill chuck

deliberately made to slip

what chuck is deliberately made to slip

jacob's chuck/drill chuck

what has a terrible grip

jacob's chuck

Why do chuck's slip? and which one?

drill chuck/jacob's chuck because otherwise it would risk breaking; want chuck to keep going around; downside is they chew up drill

describe cutting threads

cutting threads on laithe is not difficult; size of the hole you want is always smaller than nominal size of thread

describe relationship between hole size and thread size

size of hole you want is always smaller than nominal size of thread

Describe basic characteristics of threaded tools

like a bolt, but sharpened; taps come in 3's for 1 pitch and diameter

example of threading

1. Plumber tap/taper taps (narrow and narrow taper) 2. 2nd tap (wide with taper) 3. Wide bottom (bottoming in US and plug tap in UK)

What is a plug tap

UK name for wide bottomed 3rd tap in threading

What is the example of threading used? specification

1/4" diameter with 20 threads/inch

Describe 3 types of threading tools

1. plumber tap 2. 2nd tap 3. bottoming/plug tap

Describe threading shortcut

some go from plumber taper tap to bottoming tap

example of threading tool

tap wrench

describe unique tap wrench usage

cannot just put in and turn because it will tear up threads; one forward turn then reverse 1/4 turn to break chips off

forward 1 turn back 1/4

tap wrench

What is the best way to use a tap wrench?

lay on back/blow it out

what is tap wrench used for

threading

in class example of threading

tap wrench

Example of tap?

gap toothed tap (tap with sets of teeth down side)

Describe gap toothed tap

Missing teeth and rest is cut away; next position has staggered teeth; tend to use on automated machine; gives more room for chips

plumber's tap

use tapered taps

Example of tap

tap with teeth and put on metal

What to avoid?

blind tapped holes; small diamter holes in aluminum-has affinity for PING

PING

tapping aluminum

shearing steel?

tapping aluminum

Murphy's law

always snaps flush from surface cold welded in threaded hole

what is the example of tapping aluminum?

murphy's law; always snaps flush

How to fix aluminum tap?

some people tap it out; common is to drill ring of holes and pop out middle, but then has to machine larger circle

How else to fix aluminum tap?

threaded inserts

What is flower method?

how to fix aluminum tap

In class example of hole making

twist drill

describe anatomy of twist drill

1. continuous helical grooves lift chips out allowing cutting fluid in (FLUTES) 2. SHANK-thing to grip 3. NECK-transition area 4. First part of hole drilled 1st, then 2nd part is a new hole; plane drill would not have same diameter throughout; to avoid, raised area along FLUTE 5. MARGIN-all material behind is pushed back, minimizing rubbing 6. Cutting blades (LIP) 2x 7. CHISEL

How many types of twist drill are there

2 types of shank with drill; straight shank can hold in a drill chuck/round and straight

What holds in the chuck?

An accessory that is tapered

How does the chuck fit into the machine?

tapered jacob's chuck; top is tapered too

Describe how the twist drill fits?

twist drill is straight into tapered hole; certain angle of metal that jams

what is the name of the taper that helps twist drill fit?

morse taper; ideal about 1.5 degrees

1.5 degrees

morse taper for chuck holder

Example of morse taper

piece of metal with morse taper and shank; comes out with hammer

how do you remove morse taper

tap with hammer

Describe morse taper fittings

mt1, mt2, and mt3; they do not vary with material; taper on outside and inside

Describe basic drill anatomy

Head is caalled tang, then drift and grip

Describe gun creation

want same diameter the whole way w/o curve; flute have left and right hand; cannot use twist drill for drilling barrel of gun; used to begin with hole and put metal around it MANDREL

uniqueness of flute

left hand/right hand; drills not symmetrical and will wander

Describe gun barrel creation

cannot use twist drill because left and right handed; iron strips and put them around and hit with hammer; all welds and pulls out mandrel; called damascus metal

describe damascus metal

gun barrel creation

What is the result of gun barrel creation?

damascus metal

Describe the typical drill set and types?

Twist drills come with inserts; called JObbers set

What is the jobber's set?

The typical twit drill set

What about deep small diameter?

can have additional sets; LONG BOY DRILLS

Issues with long deep holes?

tony and extremely long diameter holes do not just drill in

How to narrow deep holes?

Start with jobbers, then continue with long boy to increase accuracy

Big diameter drills and stubby

Fat boy drills (same length and large diameter)

What can fat boy drills not be used for?

gun barrels; twist drills left and right handed; damascus-iron, steel, etc.

What is damascus?

gun metal and capital of syria

Describe gun barrel process?

red hot iron strips; strike with hammer to wel together; leaves decorative, pretty pattern surrounding mandrel

where is damascus also found?

Decorative knife blades

What materials can damascus be?

titanium, steel and irum

examples of damascus

titanium and steel; 2 types of grade and carbon content; hammer until swirled together; put in acid bath to bring out nature of swrirl; heat treatment for titanium to change colors

What is used for straight holes?

flutes; chips accumulate at ends and have changes to remove them

Difficulty with flutes

acquiring chips

How to resolve flutes

need 2 pathways for liquid to pump down and push out; PM processing for another hole; compresses powder to green state to push material through hole in center

Example of flute usage

gun drill maade of tungsten carbide; 2 straight flutes; 2 holes through middle made by PM processing

Describe flute usage in gun barrel creation

gun drills going to be undersized for 99% of length; also have wear pads usually made of bronze; softer material than gun barrel to avoid scoring; creates a bearing-type material

Describe gun drills

1. straight flutes 2. fluid passageway 3. bronze wear pads

General idea of flute resolution

specialized mechanicsm to deliver fluid; usually barrel rotates; drill does not, so it does not need fluid injectors

describe barrel forming

1. metal oversized 2. mandrel 3. swaging

Example of flute

router drill; tunsten carbide; rough sides; designed for use on fiber glass; powder (round)

router drill is an example of what?

flute

Example with gold bit

flue round examplel; can never make hole correctly

Story of flute

drilling under a car and end up drilling hole bigger; put through hole and push sides; titanium nitride coated

Example of flute

tunsten carbide straight fluted drill; like mini gun drill; used for cutting through hard material like cast iron

Example of another drill

dagger drill; flat glass fiber

Describe types of drills

Router drill, dagger drill, (both GRP) straight flute drill (cast iron)

Describe the process of cutting holes

straight square (no), tapered cutter (no, rounded corners), multiple cutters (yes)

Story about square drill

didn't think it existed, but he donated one

Example of square drill

donated one; floating chuck, ; number of blades one less than side

describe square drilling

floating chuck; number of blades one less than number of sides; need a template; square hole blind in end of circular piece of metal; custom jig; surface comes with drill; tip machines out everything within square guide

Problem with getting a bitter drill

make more chips

circular saw is called what?

hole saw

What is needed with larger drill?

cut an annular groove; useful piece of metal that will knock slug out of the middle; problem is electric bell

electric bell

noise a hole saw makes

Describe hole saw in metal

1. Noisy 2. Run eccentric 3. Nowhere for chips to grow; no flutes; caught in angular groove 4. Plug gets stuck inside; waste materials 5. Overheat; no access for cutting fluid

What is the alternative for the hole saw

Trapanning tool

describe trapanning tool

4 single point cutting tools; only cuts one diameter hole; one single point cutting tool could be put into power drill, but probably would not want to

Describe the extrusion on trappaning tool

little blacdes, and Abor

what is an arbor?

extrusion of metal

Example of trapanning tool

single point cutting tool with arbor; can move to range of diameters by adjusting the arbor; can drill any holes with milling cutters

What is the conical section called?

countersink

Example of countersink?

countersinkin tool will self center

Describe countersink process

With CNC there is not a worry, but if by hand, put into drill press; nice in line with vice

Flat bottomed larger diameter hole

counterbore

tool to create counterbore

blades on bottom and upsides

If you do not want a hammer, describe the process

feature on side called set screw; hole in the end of outer and set screw on side; put pilot into that; comes with sets of pilots; shanks same size

what is a reamer

bolt through the hole is you do not care; do not want brass to get caught in core manes; not just firearms; most reamers have straight blades

in class reamer

no blades on end; beautifully slides inside hole; follow up tool for precision

steps to using a reamer

has to be undersized; follow up gives precision; 1/32" undersized hole; reamer if correct size; cone shape

tools that assist in drilling a hole

1. marking out dye; 2. scriber; 3. center pot (center punch); put over point of indentation/hammer that drives; 4. center drill stubby and does not flex much in funnel shape 5. Pilot drill (twist drill) 1/32" undersize 6. Final drill correct size

Story about drilling hole

go over skyway bridge

Describe imagery of radial arm drill

V8 engine block drill; low to the ground

name specialized drills

multi-spindle drills, gang drilling (in a line with multiple stand drills), turret drill

example of turret drill usage

product that needs large number of holes with different diameters; CNC machine could do the same, but individually

What are the 2 shapes in drilling/machining

round, then the rest

Name key differences between shaping and planing machine

shaping: 1. extinct 2. relatively small 3. small cuts 4. tool moves and work piece is stationary planing: 1. still used, but not extensively 2. very big 3. large cuts (why it's still used) quickly 4. Flat surfaces or grooves

Describe Broaches

1. Can cut a square hole; one limitation is that you can never do blind holes 2. final to unusual shape, this is used; circle at one end, and progressively get shape

Example broach

3/8" round hole w/ sharp corners

Describe broaches

always have one less blade than number of sidess; square drill only for blind hole

example of keyway

collar product; has keyway; square notch that has been cutout into wall of shaft

Positives of keyway broach

inexpensive

How does keyway broach come

set will come with cylindrical pieces to fit inside hole; insert and broach and pulls through; usually done by hand

Describe milling machines

Probably need laithe and vertical milling machine; basically a drill press on steriods; all it can do is go up, down and spin

What if milling machine is tilted?

called universal vertical milling machine

describe universal vertical milling machine

tilt, swing, pivot, but not rotate; spindle can rotate; can cut on side and on end of itself

Example of milling products

big block with grooves and holes; 1. just after cast 2. after milling

example of milling cutters

drill like look and flutes; blades with sharpened edges; blades on end, too 1. ring of blades and center is nothing 2. blades through center (more expensive)

Downfall of cheaper milling cutters

cannot go straight down b/c no blades in the middle; need center cutting for that

Example of milling cutters

gold titanium nitride coated; both with same diameter; came in the set; for any size they give you 2; 4 blades and 2 blades; end mill and slot drill (these are not drills by definition)

Describe the 2 types of milling cutters

1. 2 blades large cuts, but pretty rough surface; roughing tool; finishing tool for smoother surface 2. Roughing tool; large amounts quickly; have to switch them out

Why are milling cutters declining?

will have to switch them out

How do you remove a large piece of metal on flat surface?

need to use face mill w/ inserts

Example of large flat surface material removal?

chip things; typical

Why the inserts?

If chipped, turn, if break, can replace them; slots in the table are called T slots

Describe how to drill T slots

Multi stage operation; small dieamter end mill for vertical, then T slot cutter (horizontal)

Describe difference between T-slot cutter and face mill

similar tools, but not done with same cutter; 1. enlarging (key way cutter) and 2. Key slot cutting (parallel shaft)

Describe difference between universal vertical milling machine and horizontal

One is straight down, and the other is across and down with long rod of metal (arbor) with shaft stretching down

Example of universal milling machine

hole through middle and key slot

describe trend of machines

going away; easy to have release in CNC; in horizontal, not easily automated

describe horizontal machine

held on both ends; much stiffer and can only do laithe operations

Machine centeres

typically laithe and vertical milling machine; typically 5 or 6 axes; USF has 5

Describe CNC Machining story

spyro game with gears and drawing

describe gear cutting

another way to use a broach; pot broach; straight cutting smaller to larger rows of teeth

What is a gear cutter called?

pot broach

product of pot broach

non plain cut keys in cars; gears have helical cutter keys; do not cut on CNC; need specialized machine

specialized machine for helical cutter keys

Gear HOB

Describe file story

not very desired; 4x4x4 cube of steel and give file to turn to sphere

describe basics of files

1. have to buy handle; does not come with one; kills people

describe bastard file

flat and coarse teeth; full round and 1/2 round

Examples of files

bastard file, little files (needle/swiss files)

problem with files

aluminum gets caught so used chalkboard chalk to fix it

Describe a dremmel tool, downside and fix

flex drives for small things; tiny tool that spins fast; rotary files

describe a hacksaw

blades always face forward

modification of hacksaw

stainless steel rod; put on tungsten carbide hacksaw blade

describe bandsaws

vertical and horizontal (stock)

Story of band saw

weld came lose; sprung off

Machining is also known as?

Material removal process/"subtractive manufacturing"

What does tool signify?

tool is a general term, but jazz it up with modifying

Name 4 types of tools

hand tool, power tool, machine tool, cutting tool

describe a hand tool

no power, battery, air line, muscle power only

name an example of a hand tool

hammer; hack saw

describe a power tool

usually portable, add power

example of power tool

drill

describe machine tool

stationary tool

example of machine tool

laithe, mill, drill press

describe a cutting tool

actual piece that does work that is inside a power tool, laithe, etc.

examples of a cutting tool

tool bit, drill bit, cutting insert

describe 2 types of cutting tools (main)

single point and multi point

what does "point" mean in tools

point=cutting edge

what is the rake angle

angle of the cutting face relative to the work; these help guide chip flow

describe single point cutting

often used in a laithe, from blank shapped to cutting point by cleaving; rake angle is most important angle; barges angle from point

what are some characteristics of rake angle

changes based on material being cut; 15 degrees is most common angle used as compromise

What is the material removed during metal removal

chip/swarf; small piece of metal removed during cutting operation

what is a chip/swarf?

small piece of metal removed during cutting operation

how (what shape) are chips generally removed?

helix

describe types of chips

continuous chip and discontinuous chip

describe continuous chip

"perfect cutting"

describe causes of continuous chip

correct speed, feed, tool angles-->low friction, low wear, low energy usage, low heat

down sides of continuous chip

get caught on things, clog machines, safety hazard, difficult to clean up, don't pack well, low volume

describe discontinous chip

opposite of continous chip

describe modifications with continuous chip

"ninja," uses a chip breaker via bending metal to snapping point

what is used to cut continuous chips

chip breaker

describe 2 methods of chip breaking

block and groove

describe chip breaking

use a set up tool w/out chip breaker to get cutting, then swap for tool w/chip breaker

describe a type of chips

serrated chips; sharp "saw blade" edge

Describe the chip cutting process

high firction/heat with hardened aluminum bonds for cutting edge; built up edge (BUE)

describe types of cutting fluid

water and oil

describe cutting fluid process

water-it has to cool; oil-it has to lubricate; don't mix, add a surface tension

what happens when mixing detergent and oil

soluble oil

Describe tool parameters (increasing hardness and decreasing brittleness)

hot hardness (hardness at elevated temps), carbon steel, HSS, cobalt alloys, tungsten carbide, coated tools

What is HSS

High speed steel; add vanadium, refractory metal

describe HSS

add vanadium, refractory metal; inexpensive, readily available, can be easily sharpened

describe inserts

harder materials are generally more expensive; if a single chip happens on tip; whole tool must be tossed even though most of it is fine

Example of inserts

insert holder for single point; threaded insert

describe alternates to inserts

can be plain or include chip breakers

describe tool inserts

Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN), tips of insert have CBN; can still be quite expensive

in class example of inserts

$150 inserts; very expensive; tungsten carbide base and 3 coats

Describe cutting circular shapes

laithe operations; straight turning, taper turning, profiling, turning with external groove, facing, face grooving, forming (less often used), knurling, boring, internal grooving, drilling, threading

describe basic components of laithe

1st gen engine laithe-headstock (motor inside), feed gear box, bed, spindle, chuck, compount rest, (carriage) apron, carriage, feed rod (smooth), lead screw, tail stock, quill, cross slide, tool; ways-ground track for carriage, tailsbole

laithe improvements

tool holder is the chocke point; turret tool holder

describe type of tool holder

turret tool holder

describe capstan laithe

pirate ship story of a sailors life for me; pull of anchor chain

describe 3 laithes

tracer, CNC, and capstan

describe tracer laithe

follows a pattern and traces it onto stock material example: fire arm stock

describe tracer laithe components

work piece, tool, pattern, tracer

describe CNC laithe

enclosed, fluid coolant, closed door guard, can be attached to tool rack, pre loads turret while in process

types of chucks

3-jaw celf centering, 4 jaw and collet chuck

describe 3 jaw celf centering

chuck key; holds round pieces

describe 4 jaw chuck

independent; allows for eccentric axles

example of 4 jaw chuck

crank shaft with eccentric center

describe collet cuck

casket shaped; lots of surface area for grip; example was chalk holder; fans out; limited number of diameters per collet; very repeatedly concentric

handed around

jacobs chuck, collet chuck (chalk holder), 1, 2, 3 coat cutting bits; single point inserts

describe jacob's chuck

drill chuck; relatively small; deliberately designed to be able to slip (like in a drill)

example of jacob's chuck on laithe

quill on laithe tail stock

describe basics of thread cutting

internal or external, internal generally tapped

describe internal threading

internal thread will generally be small and prone to flex; hole drilled undersied; by hand, forward 1 turn and 1/4 back; by CNC auto feed in tap, use bottom tap only

complications with thread cutting

blind holes, chips get clogged, small holes in aluminum; taps like to break; threaded inserts common

set of taps for manual metal

taper tap, tap handle wrench, second tap, bottoming/plug tap (all known as straight threads)

What are taper taps used for

NPT, similar tapered thread

What was handed around for tap talk

tap wrench, gap tooth taper, bottoming tap

order of taps

taper tuber tap, taper 2nd tap, bottoming taper tap

describe the tap passed around

gap tooth taper bottoming tap, every 2nd tooth is missing; gap tooth allows chisp to be cleared in CNC machines

Describe the twist drill

chisel point, flutes (coolant and chips), helical pattern, margin (stand off for land to prevent wear), shank, neck

describe tip of twist drill

land, flutes, 2x lip (cutting edge/blade), bearing surface (margin); hole would end up tapered due to friction at entrance if no margin

problem if no margin

hole would end up tap

What are shanks used for, and describe them

straight: used in collet chuck or drill chuck; taper: used w/out chuck; held in with voodoo

What is a morse taper

specific angle to hold in tapered shank with tang

Describe morse taper process

window, spindle, drift, taper; drift used to hammer out

Abrasive cutting is known as?

grinding

describe grinding

machine surface finish, blade, abrasion, abrasive cutting

name common grit with grinding

aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, Cubic Boron Nitride, Diamond

What are the positives of grinding?

better surface finish, cut very hard surfaces; grit is very hard compared to metals, ceramic, etc.

What is Al2O5

aluminum oxide

What is SiC

silicon carbide

What is CBN

cubic boron nitride

What is grit?

poder of various grades; bonding

Describe grit

shape is randomized in grit; poor control of cutting angle; some bits cut, some bits will smooth over surface; grit brittleness is part of design

Where is attritious wear important

Grit; self sharpening as brittle grit snaps, fracture

Where is abrasive cutting a problem

do not use on laithe; grit will destroy ways on laithes, mills, etc.

Bond types

vitrous/vitrified, resinoid, rubber

describe vitrous/vitrified

glass, high temp resistant, rigid/maintain dimension; used in rigid machines; brittle

describe two bond types used in angle grinders

resinoid and rubber

describe resinoid

thermoset plastic; often glass fiber matte reinforcement

describe rubber grit

conforms to shape

parameters of grit

grit type-->grades(porosity), grit size, bond type, packing density (grit/bond) ratio

describe grit classification system

code for the parameters; alternates between letters and numbers; manufacturing specific, standardized portion, and manufacturing specific

describe components of grinding

grit held in matrix with material

Why grit? abrasive cutting

for cutting hard materials, to get a smooth surface, precision (can get to tighter tolerances than blades; blades flex)

what is a common form of abrasive cutting?

grinding wheels (grit and bonding agent)

describe two things about grit

aluminum oxide/silicon carbide; will not cut particularly well/small-slow/nice finish; coarse-quick, but rough

fact about grit size

bigger number, smaller grit

describe bond types of grit

vitrified (glass); hot glass and pour in grit, then pour to mold (tiny bit of glass); advantages thermally stable, and rigid

example of bonding types (passed around)

vitrified disc and resinoid disc (usually thin and things through center for tahbility)

example of bond types progression

die casted tool and resoinoid disc

describe rubber grit

flexible and accomadates (high flexibility), low temp (cannot take heat)

describe disc

name what grit is made of, grit size, what is it bound together with, packing density (how many pieces of grit per unit volume of bond)

describe wheel classification system

on label description, series of numbers and letters 1. number, purely used by manufacturer as their own catalog (always numbers) 2. letter: what grit is made of A: aluminum oxide S: silicon carbide 3. alternates; another number; grain/grit size; number of digits do not matter 4. porosity (amount of sponginess)/aluminum oxide has one hardness and can vary by adding air 5. structure relates to packing density

Difference between file and grinding wheel

file will be loading and grdinging loaded with particles; don't put chalk on grinding wheel; not going to get resistance; avoid grinding aluminum

describe packing density

normally name and number; left is material you can grind with that

example of grinding

grinding aluminum with dremmel; mounted almost completely slimed with aluminum; aluminum fairly ductile

describe stresses of grinding

residual tensile surface failure

describe grinding process (basics)

never done in isolation, must deal with it like illness; preventative or cure

how can I prevent?

gentle grinding; fine cuts and doing it slowly; residual amount of tensile stresses

how to cure?

cannot peen form; heat treatment; get rid if you get them; low temp and lengthy

describe a bench grinder

light and guard with table; never put grinding wheel on laithe or milling machine because attricious wear would knock powder and greate

example (passed around) of grinding machine

small bench grinder; general purpose sharpening, siren song, awkward bolt, attritious wear causes wheel to get smaller; grows to big gap; take piece and shoves it down

describe surface grinder

work piece will keep moving under the wheel; tend to have magnetic table; series of horshoe magnets; no overall magnetic field; USF moved from manual to electromagnets

sory of surface grinder

turned right handle too far; table up fast and hit; wheel gone; only give away is high pitch; vitrified so it shatters

describe circular grinding/round

cylindrical grinding: complex motion of rotating and translating/holding chuck; if eccentric, whole thing is off 2. centerless grinding: no chuck, wedged between wheels; regulating wheel; work piece between the 2

describe truing

when grinding, center wears down faster than edge; tool has diamond tip; tool is called dressing tool

how is wear fixed on a grinding wheel?

dressing tool with diamond tip

describe secondary processes

machining, grinding, finishing, honing, polishing, buffing

describe honing

after finishing; inside of holes; look at diagram; complex motion, rotates and vertically translates

describe lapping

after finishing

done on a flas surface

describe superfinishing

finishing outside of circular shaft

stone pushed against side

describe polishing

aftern finishing; cotton polishing discs with very fine grit; tends to stretch/push surface

example in class of polishing

cotton polishing discs with very fine grit

describe buffing

what makes it shiny is buffing compound; wax and grit; used by a lot of jeweler's; while spinning, put wax

example in class of buffing

cotton disc with fluffed up edges

what is buffing compuound

wax and grit; known as jeweler's rouge (french word for red) used by a lot of jewelers

Describe tumble grinder

barrel finishing with tumblind stones; triangular and cone shapes, but not for too long

what is sandpaper?

emory cloth; water and oil resistant adhesive; can rip across, but strong the other way

describe tool parameters (cobalt alloys)

can be sharpened carefully; light supaw temperaing color

Describe tool parameters (tungsten carbide)

last of materials to be used in solid piece; not sharpenable w/out special tools; slate grey color

describe tool parameters (coated tools)

HSS has coated cutting edge for ductility; single coating, gold color TiN; next coat with red-bronze color, TiN+something; last coat is slate grey TiN+something+something

describe tool parameters (cubic boron nitride)

CBN; inserts 2nd hardest known material

describe tool parameters (diamond)

powdered industrial grade deposited on tool

Describe drilling order

center drill, pilot drill, final drill, reamer

what does a pilot do

pilot helps center the counter bore; multiple pilots available

what is reaming?

hole clean up; drill hole slightly undersize prior to reaming; drill 7/16" for 1/2" hole; adjustable reamer

Describe drills

markout: blue dye/purple dye (scriber for layout); center pot w/center punch either hammer or onto punch-->CNC: center drill: shorter to prevent walking around; pilot drill: twist drill 1/32" undersized; finish drill: find size optioinal: ream hole use 1/16 instead; use 1/32 undersize

what is an arbor

long tool holder

Name all the things talked about

tool types, machining, chips, tool parameters, inserts, laithes, chucks, thread cutting, taps, drills, broaching, milling, files, band saw, hacksaw, grinding, bond types, finishing, polishing, buffing, barrel finishing