Management Information Systems Test 1

Front 1

Business Functions

Back 1

specialized tasks performed by business organizations (sales, marketing, manufacturing, production, finance, accounting, HR)

Front 2

Business Model

Back 2

describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product to create wealth

Front 3

Business Processes

Back 3

set of logically related tasks and behaviors that organizations develop over time to produce specific business results

Front 4

Complementary assets

Back 4

assets required to derive value from a primary investment

Front 5

Computer hardware

Back 5

physical equipment used for input, processing, and output

Front 6

Computer literacy

Back 6

– primarily knowledge of information technology

Front 7

Computer software

Back 7

detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an IS

Front 8

Culture

Back 8

– fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things, that has been accepted by most of its members

Front 9

Data

Back 9

streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or physical environment before they can be organized in a way people can understand

Front 10

Data Management technology

Back 10

software governing the organization of data on physical storage media

Front 11

Data workers

Back 11

assist with paperwork at all levels (secretaries or clerks)

Front 12

Digital firm

Back 12

nearly all of the organizations significant business relationships are digital

Front 13

Extranets

Back 13

private intranets extended to authorized users outside the org.

Front 14

Feedback

Back 14

output that is returned to appropriate members of the org. to help them evaluate or correct the input stage

Front 15

Information

Back 15

data that has been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful

Front 16

Information system

Back 16

a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information

Front 17

Information systems literacy

Back 17

understanding of the management and organizational dimensions of systems as well as the technical dimensions of systems

Front 18

Information technology (IT)

Back 18

consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives

Front 19

Information technology infrastructure

Back 19

provides the foundation on which the firm can build its specific information systems

Front 20

Input

Back 20

captures or collects raw data from within the org. or from its external environment

Front 21

Intranet

Back 21

– internal corporate networks based on internet technology

Front 22

Knowledge workers

Back 22

design products or services and create new knowledge for the firm (i.e. scientists, engineers, architects)

Front 23

Management information systems

Back 23

– tries to achieve the broader information systems

Front 24

Middle Management

Back 24

carries out the programs and plans of senior management

Front 25

Network

Back 25

links two or more computers to share data or resources (printer)

Front 26

Networking and telecommunications technology

Back 26

links the various pieces of hardware and transfers data from one physical location to another

Front 27

Operational Management

Back 27

– responsible for monitoring the daily activities of the business

Front 28

Organizational and management capital

Back 28

investments in organization and management

Front 29

Output

Back 29

transfers the processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used

Front 30

Processing

Back 30

converts raw input into a meaningful form

Front 31

Production or service workers

Back 31

produce the product and deliver the service

Front 32

Senior Management

Back 32

makes long-range strategic decisions about products and services as well as ensures the financial performance of the firm

Front 33

Sociotechnical view

Back 33

optimal organizational performance is achieved by jointly optimizing both the social and technical systems used in production

Front 34

World Wide Web

Back 34

service provided by the internet that uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying info. In a page format

Front 35

Chief information officer (CIO)

Back 35

senior manager who oversees the use of information technology in the firm

Front 36

Customer relationship management

Back 36

help firms manage their relationships with customers

Front 37

Decision-support systems

Back 37

support non-routine decision making for middle management

Front 38

Electronic business

Back 38

the use of digital technology and the internet to execute the major business processes in the enterprise

Front 39

Electronic commerce

Back 39

part of e-business that deals with the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet

Front 40

E-government

Back 40

the application of the internet and networking technologies to digitally enable government and public senior agencies’ relationships with citizens and businesses

Front 41

End users

Back 41

– representatives of departments outside of the information systems group for whom applications are developed

Front 42

Enterprise applications

Back 42

systems that span functional areas, focus on executing business processes across the business firm and include all levels of management

Front 43

Enterprise systems

Back 43

collect data from various key business processes in manufacturing and production, etc. and store data in a single central data repository

Front 44

Executive support systems

Back 44

help senior management make non-routine decisions with no agreed on procedure

Front 45

Finance and accounting information systems

Back 45

establish long-term investment goals for the firm and to provide long-range forecasts of the firm’s financial performance

Front 46

Human resources information systems

Back 46

support HR activities

Front 47

Information systems department

Back 47

the formal organizational unit responsible for information technology services

Front 48

Information systems managers

Back 48

leaders of teams of programmers and analysts

Front 49

Inter-organizational system

Back 49

systems that automate flow of information across organizational boundaries

Front 50

Knowledge management systems

Back 50

enable organizations to better manage processes for capturing and applying knowledge and expertise

Front 51

Management information systems

Back 51

provide middle managers with reports on the organization’s current performance

Front 52

Manufacturing and production information systems

Back 52

support manufacturing and production processes

Front 53

Portal

Back 53

– uses a web interface to present integrated personalized business content

Front 54

Programmers

Back 54

specialists within the information systems department

Front 55

Sales and marketing information systems

Back 55

support sales and marketing processes

Front 56

Supply chain management systems

Back 56

– help businesses manage relationships with their suppliers

Front 57

System analysts

Back 57

principal liaisons between the information systems groups and the rest of the organization

Front 58

Transaction processing systems

Back 58

computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business

Front 59

Agency theory

Back 59

firm is viewed as a “nexus of contracts” among self-interested individuals rather than a unified, profit-maximizing entity

Front 60

Benchmarking

Back 60

– comparing the efficiency and effectiveness of your business processes against strict standards and then measuring performance against those standards

Front 61

Best practices

Back 61

the most successful solutions or problem-solving methods for consistently and effectively achieving a business objective

Front 62

Business ecosystem

Back 62

loosely coupled but interdependent networks of suppliers, distributors, outsourcing firms, transportation service firms, and technology manufacturers

Front 63

Competitive forces model

Back 63

provides a general view of the firm, its competitors, and the firm’s environment (most generally used)

Front 64

Core competency

Back 64

an activity for which a firm is a world-class leader

Front 65

Efficient customer response systems

Back 65

directly links consumer behavior to distribution and production and supply chains

Front 66

Mass customization

Back 66

ability to offer individually tailored products or services using the same production resources as mass production

Front 67

Network economics

Back 67

adding another participant has zero marginal meaning but can create substantial marginal gain

Front 68

Organization

Back 68

stable, formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs

Front 69

Primary activities

Back 69

most directly related to the production and distribution of the firm’s products and services

Front 70

Routines

Back 70

precise rules, procedures, and practices that have been developed to cope with virtually all expected situations

Front 71

Support activities

Back 71

make the delivery of the primary activities possible and consist of organization infrastructure, HR, technology, and procurement

Front 72

Switching costs

Back 72

the cost of switching from one product to a competing product

Front 73

Transaction cost theory

Back 73

– firms and individuals seek to economize on transaction costs

Front 74

Value chain model

Back 74

highlights specific activities in the business where competitive strategies can best be applied and where information systems are most likely to have a strategic impact

Front 75

Value web

Back 75

collection of independent firms that use information technology to coordinate their value chains to produce a product or service for a market collectively

Front 76

Virtual company

Back 76

uses networks to link people, assets, and ideas without being bound by traditional physical boundaries

Front 77

Accountability

Back 77

a feature of systems and social institutions to find out who is responsible

Front 78

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 78

pressure on the median nerve through the wrist’s bony structure

Front 79

Computer abuse

Back 79

the commission of acts involving a computer that may not be illegal but that are considered unethical

Front 80

Computer crime

Back 80

the commission of illegal acts through the use of a computer or against a computer system

Front 81

Computer vision syndrome

Back 81

any eyestrain related to computer display screen use

Front 82

Cookies

Back 82

tiny files deposited on a computer hard drive when a user visits certain web sites

Front 83

Copyright

Back 83

statutory grant that protects creators of intellectual property from having their work copied by others for any purpose during the life of the author plus 70 years after author’s death

Front 84

Descartes’ rule of change

Back 84

if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all

Front 85

Digital divide

Back 85

large disparities in access to computers and the internet among different social groups and different locations

Front 86

Digital millennium copyright act

Back 86

– makes it illegal to circumvent technology-based protections of copyrighted materials

Front 87

Due process

Back 87

laws are known and understood and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly

Front 88

Ethical “no free lunch” rule

Back 88

assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone else unless there is a specific declaration otherwise

Front 89

Ethics

Back 89

refers to the principles of right and wrong that individuals, acting as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behaviors

Front 90

Fair information practices

Back 90

– set of principles governing the collection and use of information about individuals

Front 91

Golden rule

Back 91

do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Front 92

Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative

Back 92

if the action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone

Front 93

Information rights

Back 93

the rights that individuals and organizations have with respect to information that pertains to themselves

Front 94

Informed consent

Back 94

consent given with knowledge of all the facts needed to make a rational decision

Front 95

Intellectual property

Back 95

considered to be intangible property created by individuals or corporations

Front 96

Liability

Back 96

a feature of political systems in which a body of laws is in place that permits individuals to recover the damages dome to them by other actors, systems, or organizations

Front 97

Non-obvious relationship awareness

Back 97

takes information about people from many disparate sources to find obscure hidden connections that might help identify criminals or terrorists

Front 98

Opt-in

Back 98

a business is prohibited from collecting any personal information unless the consumer specifically takes action to approve information collection and use

Front 99

Opt-out

Back 99

permits the collection of personal information until the consumer specifically requests that the data not be collected

Front 100

P3P

Back 100

provides a standard for communicating a web site’s privacy policy to internet users

Front 101

Patent

Back 101

grants the owner exclusive monopoly on the ideas behind an invention for 20 years

Front 102

Privacy

Back 102

claim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference

Front 103

Profiling

Back 103

use of computers to combine data from multiple sources and create electronic dossiers of detailed information on individuals

Front 104

Repetitive stress injury

Back 104

occurs when muscle groups are forced through repetitive actions often with high-impact loads or tens of thousands of repetitions under low-impact loads

Front 105

Responsibility

Back 105

key element of ethical action

Front 106

Risk aversion principle

Back 106

take the action that produces the least harm or the least potential cost

Front 107

Safe harbor

Back 107

a private, self-regulating policy and enforcement mechanism that meets the objectives of government regulators and legislation but does not involve government regulation or enforcement

Front 108

Spam

Back 108

junk e-mail sent by an org. or individual to a mass audience of internet users who have expressed no interest in the product or service being marketed

Front 109

Spyware

Back 109

installs itself by piggybacking on large applications, can log keystrokes, report movements, etc.

Front 110

Technostress

Back 110

stress induced by computer use

Front 111

Trade secret

Back 111

any intellectual work product

Front 112

Utilitarian principle

Back 112

take the action that achieves the higher or greater value

Front 113

Web bugs

Back 113

tiny graphic files embedded in e-mail messages and web pages that are designed to monitor who is reading the e-mail message or web page and transmit that information to another computer