Mana 3335 - Mgmt 8 - Ch. 13 Motivation - Uh - Blakeney

Front 1

Motivation

Back 1

the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal

Front 2

Needs

Back 2

the physical or psychological requirements that must be met to ensure survival and well-being

Front 3

Extrinsic Reward

Back 3

a reward that is tangible, visible to others, and given to employees contingent on the performance of specific tasks or behaviors

Front 4

Intrinsic Reward

Back 4

a natural reward associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake

Front 5

Equity Theory

Back 5

A theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly

Front 6

Inputs

Back 6

in equity theory, the contributions employees make to the organization

Front 7

Outcomes

Back 7

in equity theory, the rewards employees receive for their contributions to the organization

Front 8

Referents

Back 8

in equity theory, others with whom people compare themselves to determine if they have been treated fairly

Front 9

Outcome/input ratio

Back 9

in equity theory, an employee's perception of how the rewards received from an organization compare with the employee's contribution to that organization

Front 10

Underreward

Back 10

a form of inequity in which you are getting fewer outcomes relative to inputs than your referent is getting

Front 11

Overreward

Back 11

a form of inequity in which you are getting more outcomes relative to inputs than your referent

Front 12

Distributive Justice

Back 12

the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated

Front 13

Procedural Justice

Back 13

the perceived fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decision

Front 14

Expectancy Theory

Back 14

the theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will offered attractive rewards

Front 15

Valence

Back 15

the attractiveness or desirability of a reward or outcome

Front 16

Expectancy

Back 16

the perceived relationship between effort and performance

Front 17

Instrumentality

Back 17

the perceived relationship between performance and rewards

Front 18

Reinforcement Theory

Back 18

the theory that behavior is a function of its consequences, that behaviors followed by positive consequences will occur more frequently, and that behaviors followed by negative consequences or not followed by positive consequences, will occur less frequently

Front 19

Reinforcement

Back 19

the process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior

Front 20

Reinforcement Contingencies

Back 20

cause-and-effect relationships between the performance of specific behaviors and specific consequences

Front 21

Schedule of reinforcement

Back 21

rules that specify which behaviors will be reinforce, which consequences will follow those behaviors, and the schedule by which those consequences will be delivered

Front 22

Positive reinforcement

Back 22

reinforcement that strengthens behavior by following behaviors with desirable consequences

Front 23

Negative reinforcement

Back 23

reinforcement that strengthens behavior by withholding an unpleasant consequence when employees perform a specific behavior

Front 24

Punishment

Back 24

reinforcement that weakens behavior by following behaviors with undesirable consequences

Front 25

Extinction

Back 25

reinforcement in which a positive consequence is no longer allowed to follow a previously reinforced behavior, thus weakening the behavior

Front 26

Continuous Reinforcement schedule

Back 26

a schedule that requires a consequence to be administered following every instance of a behavior

Front 27

Intermittent Reinforcement schedule

Back 27

a schedule in which consequences are delivered after a specified or average time has elapsed or after a specified or average number of behaviors has occurred

Front 28

Fixed interval reinforcement schedule

Back 28

an intermittent schedule in which consequences follow a behavior only after a fixed time has elapsed

Front 29

Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule

Back 29

an intermittent schedule in which the time between a behavior and the following consequences varies around a specified average

Front 30

Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule

Back 30

an intermittent schedule in which consequences are delivered following a specific number of behaviors

Front 31

Variable Ration Reinforcement Schedule

Back 31

an intermittent schedule in which consequences are delivered following a different number of behaviors, sometimes more and some less, that vary around a specified average number of behaviors

Front 32

Goal

Back 32

a target, objective, or result that someone tries to accomplish

Front 33

Goal-setting theory

Back 33

the theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they accept specific, challenging goals and receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement

Front 34

Goal specificity

Back 34

the extent to which goals are detailed, exact and unambiguous

Front 35

Goal difficulty

Back 35

the extent to which a goal is hard or challenging to accomplish

Front 36

goal acceptance

Back 36

the extent to which people consciously understand and agree to goals

Front 37

Performance feedback

Back 37

information about the quality or quantity of past performance that indicates whether progress is being made toward the accomplishment of a goal