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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mammalian traits (4) |
• Lactogenic
• Hirsute • Endothermic* • Viviparous* |
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endothermic |
able to produce own body heat |
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homeothermic |
able to maintain constant body temperature |
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major traits stem from: |
energetic and endothermic demands improve energetic efficiency promote and maintain endothermy (locomotive) |
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Lactation |
unique demands on mother and young creates obligate relationship with mother and young -requires ways to communicate -provides foundation for social and or complex behaviors |
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Mammal energetics characteristics |
endothermic homeothermic high body temp 36-38 degrees C high basal metabolic rate -accomplished by increased catabolism: breaking down molecules from diet for energy Increased cellular respiration- increases muscle activity |
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Benefits for mammalian energetics- |
-allows mammals to live in cold regions and habitats (high latitudes) -occupy and be active throughout the seasons and at night (nocturnal and winter activity) -decreases vulnerability to storms and temp changes or any env. fluctuations -Promoted/allowed evolution of large brains (energetically expensive) |
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Costs to mammalian energetics |
-spend 90% of energy on homeostasis -10% or less on growth and reproduction -mammals restricted to ecosystems that are really productive |
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Solutions for cost of mammalian energetics |
1. control heat loss: turbinate bones (respiratory turbinals) are lined with mucous to collect moisture which decreases water loss 2. Hair (unique) serves as insulation to buffer the hot/cold from env. 3. |
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hair structure and functions |
Molting-because hair is non-living, so wears and degrades seasonal variation Pelage: coat Other important functions: concealment and crypsis or disruptive pattern (sort of camouflage that makes hard to see outline ex:zebra) aposematic colors: serves as a warning sign (skunk) signals: poof up tail when threatened waterproofing buoyancy |
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hair glands sweat glands |
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