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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Carnassial Teeth |
Slice & tear flesh, in hyaenas they are used to crush bone. |
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Carnivore Jaw Structure |
Large Temporal Muscle & Coronoid process w/ Small Masseter, jaw function up & down only. |
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Mandibular Fossa |
Articulation of the jaw which provides the direction the jaw can move. |
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Mandibular Fossa Types |
C-Shaped for unidirectional force or flat to allow for chewing. |
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Rodent Jaw Structure |
Minimized Temporal Muscle, Coronoid process absent & enlarged Masseter for chewing. Jaw can move side-to-side. |
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Sciuromorphic Jaw |
Large flat muscle attachment surfaces & zygomatic plate. (Squirrels) |
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Myomorphic Jaw |
Masseter passes through enlarged infraorbital foramen & inserts onto the rostrum. (Mice) |
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Hystricomorphic Jaw |
Known for massive infraorbital foramen. (porcupines) |
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Simple mandible, masseter insertion below lower cheek teeth, & angular process line with the jaw |
Sciurognathous Lower Jaw |
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Flanged/Ridged mandible, insertion below & behind lower cheek teeth, deflected angular process |
HystricognathousLower Jaw |
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Defining Primate Features |
Nails, opposable digits, forward facing eyes, reduced muzzle, increased brain size, |
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Arboreal Theory |
Features of a primate are geared towards moving through trees and picking up objects with their hands. |
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Strepsirini defining features |
post-orbital bar, rhinarium & peccinate lower incisors. |
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Haplorhini defining features |
post-orbital plate, spatulate incisors,simple nostrils w/ rounded cranium. |
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General Ungulate Features |
hooves, calcanium non-articulated with the fibula, cursorial, hypsodont teeth. |
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Perissodactyl digestion |
hind gut fermenters w/ enlarged cecum. |
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Non-ruminant Artiodactyls |
Suidae & Tassiuridae |
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Artiodactyl Digestion |
Ruminant (4 chambered) & Simple (Omnivore) |
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Perissodactyl Foot structure |
odd toed (1 or 3) enlarged 3rd digit which is the weight bearing axis |
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Artiodactyl Foot structure |
even toed (2 or 4) fused 3rd & 4th digits which is the weight bearing axis |
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Artiodactyl & Perissodactyl locomotion |
cursorial, on the tips of their toes (digitigrade) |
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Antlers |
Not permanent, shed yearly, covered in velvet |
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Horns |
Permanent, bony core covered in keratinized sheath |
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False horns |
Ossicones attached to the skull of the giraffe, covered by skin. |
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Lagomorph dentition |
Possess 2 pair of upper incisors, teeth completely enameled, ALL teeth are ever growing. |
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Rodent dentition |
Single pair of upper and lower incisors, enamel only on the exterior, only incisors are ever growing. |
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Cetacean Modifications |
fusiform body, absent hind limbs, flippers, fluke & fins, no external pinnae, elongated skulls with nostril(s) on the top. |
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Cetacean Thermoregulation Adaptations |
Low Surface Area:Volume ratio, Blubber & counter-current circulation. |
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Cetacean Pressure Adaptations |
Dense non-compressible bones, semi-rigid lungs capable of collapsing, & cell difference. |
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Rorqual |
Whale with a tube throat (Balaenopteridae) |
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Baleen |
Keratin plates that continuously grow with frayed elements which overlap and filter small plankton/nekton from water. |
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Echolocation |
Produced with nasal sacs & at a lower frequency than bats, specialized tympanic bones. Passes through the melon & returns through the lower jaw - only in odontocetes. |
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gulping |
expansion of throat grooves allows the whale to actively suck in large portions of water for food. |
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Skimming |
passively swimming through water and filtering all that pass through the baleen plates. |