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38 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What are 7 indications for castration?
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1) Overpopulation
2) Behavior 3) Prostatic disease 4) Perianal adenomas 5) Perineal hernias 6) Testicular neoplasia 7) Orchitis -brucella serology required (zoonotic!!!) |
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What are the 3 components of pre-operative work-up for a castration?
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1) Complete history & PE
-palpate testicles 2) Pre-anesthetic diagnostics -PCV/TP/BUN/BG vs CBC/chem 3) Peri-op antibiotics? -debatable |
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*What category of surgery is a routine castration based on the degree of contamination? Is peri-op antibiotics recommended?
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Clean procedure-so debate on whether or not to use antibiotics, if break sterile technique though recommended antibiotics
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The scrotum is prone to severe irritation and ______ so you must be very careful when clipping the scrotum.
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Edema
-don't need scrotum in field unless doing scrotal ablation |
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What must you do if the penis is included in the surgical field?
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Flush prepuce 3x w/ dilute chlorhexidine
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What does an open vs closed castration refer to?
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Whether vaginal tunic is opened or closed
-not related to anatomic location |
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What is ligated with an open castration?
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-Ductus deferens and pampiniform plexus double ligated and placed into tunic
-Tunic and cremaster muscle ligated distal to ductus/pampiniform pedicle |
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What is ligated in a modified open castration?
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-pampiniform plexus double ligated and replaced into tunic
-tunic, ductus deferens and cremaster muscle ligated together distal to the pampiniform pedicle |
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What is the most common incision location used for canine castrations?
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Prescrotal
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What are 3 indications for performing a scrotal ablation?
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1) Trauma
2) Pendulous 3) Hematoma |
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Where do you make the incision for a scrotal ablation?
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Elliptical skin incision around base of scrotum
-save enough skin for closure! -castration portion is save as pre-scrotal -closure is performed in 2 or 3 depending on SQ tissues |
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When is a testicle considered to be cryptorchid?
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At 6 months of age
-normal at 2 months |
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When you have a crytorchid testicle, which testis is removed first?
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ALWAYS THE CRYPTORCHID
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FIRST
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What are the 2 approaches (incisions) that are used to remove a cryptorchid testicle?
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1) Inguinal
-linear skin incision, very similar to prescrotal 2) Abdominal -Ductus deferens & testicular artery are your guides!!!!!!! -CAUTION: prostate and ureters |
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What should you always do after removing a cryptorchid testicle?
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Submit for histopathology
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Why should you always remove a cryptorchid testicle?
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If don't remove= prone to Sertoli cell tumor
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How do you prep a feline castration?
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Scrotal hair is "peeled" off using your thumbs
Routine aseptic scrub & drape |
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Where do you incise for a feline castration?
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Linear incision through scrotum over testicle
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How do you exteriorize a feline testicle during castration?
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Exteriorize by breaking down spermatic fascia
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How do you ligate during a feline castration?
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Ligation via encircling ligature or "auto-ligation"
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What are 3 components of post-op care of a castration?
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1) Prevent self-trauma
-inoculates in bacteria 2) Keep wound clean 3) analgesia -NSAIDs or opioids |
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What are 2 potential complications of a castration?
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Infection & hemorrhage
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What are 3 indications for surgery of the prostate gland?
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1) Prostatis/abscess
2) Cysts- can be prostatic or paraprostatic 3) Neoplasia? -controversial |
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What are 6 clinical signs that the prostate gland needs surgery?
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1) Stranguria
2) Hematuria 3) Obstipation -constipation: compression of rectum 4) Pyuria 5) PU/PD 6) Dyschezia |
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If you are dealing with a neutered dog and the dog is showing signs of prostate trouble, which of the 3 differentials is highest?
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Neoplasia
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How can a neoplastic process result in infection?
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A lot of time tumor outgrows blood supply---> necrosis--> infection
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What is the highest differential for an intact dog with symmetrical nonpainful prostatic enlargement?
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Probably benign prostatic hypertrophy
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What is the prioritized differential list for an intact dog with asymmetrical nonpainful prostatic enlargement?
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Probably cysts, less likely prostatitis/abscess
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What is the prioritized differentials for an intact male with asymmetrical or symmetrical prostatic enlargement, painful and patient is maybe febrile?
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Probably prostatitis/ abscess
-less likely cysts |
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What is the most likely differential for a neutered male with asymmetrical or symmetrical prostatic enlargement and it may or may not be painful?
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Probably prostatic neoplasia
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What are the 3 components of a pre-op workup for prostatic surgery?
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1) Minimum database
-CBC, chem, UA 2) Urine culture/sensitivity 3) Abdominal ultrasound -alt: CT, MRI or rads |
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Is a FNA or traumatic urethral catherization used for clinicopathologic testing when performing pre-op work for prostatic surgery?
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if poke then can spread if cancer so people recommend traumatic urethral catheterization where use guidance and poke catheter in and someone sucks at the same time -FNA seeding is pretty rare so can do if catheterization isn't working
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What should be done before prostatic surgery if neoplasia is suspected?
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Met check (3 views thoracic rads)
**Skeletal palpation (axial & femur/ humerus): metastasis includes skeletal system |
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Where do you incise for prostatic surgery?
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Caudal ventral midline celiotomy
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What 2 procedures are done during surgery of the prostate gland? Why?
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1) Omentalization
-take omentum and drag it into prostate and wrap it around 2) castration -gonads secrete androgens which cause hypertrophy and predispose to prostate problem |
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What is the point of performing an omentalization during prostatic surgery?
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Full of blood vessels so by doing this you bring in a ton of blood vessels and can now deliver antimicrobials to the inside of prostate and also adds lymphatics to help drain area
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During prostatic surgery tissue samples should be collected for what?
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Histopathology
Culture + sensitivity (aerobic & anaerobic) |
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What is the purpose of "stenting"?
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Makes the dog feel better- allows it to pee
-can stent the colon or urethra to keep dog from being obstructed |
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