Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
It is no. ___ on the big three killers list in order.
|
2
|
|
M is caused by a ________. And, the disease is carried from person to person by _______.
|
parasite; mosquitos
|
|
It is now a __________ disease even though it was once a common disease.
|
tropical
|
|
In the American Civil War, there were _______ cases and resulted in _____ deaths. Soldiers were recommended to be given a dosage of __________ dissolved in whisky.
|
1.3M; 10,000; quinine sulfate
|
|
It kills _____ a year even though it's preventable and treatable.
|
1M
|
|
Most children killed are in:
|
Africa
|
|
What is the main parasite family and the 4 sub parasites?
|
Plasmodium:
1. falciparum 2. malariae 3. vivax 4. ovale |
|
Which two parasites within Plasmodium do they have a close relationships and what is it they have in common?
|
P. vivax and P. ovale.
- can cause relapse - survives in hosts' liver |
|
Is there an animal resevoir?
|
Yes. Plasmodium lives in many speciies of vertebrate animals, especially primates.
|
|
Which Plasmodium parasite terminates spontaenously within one year and without relapses, but is also one of the deadliest?
|
P. falciparum
|
|
Clinical episodes begin with:
|
- chills
- fevers - sweating |
|
How many acute cases of malaria are there each year? How many are deaths? And, what percentage of deaths are in Africa?
|
300M; 1M; 90%
|
|
An African child dies every ____secs of Malaria. It is believed to cost the African GDP _____ a year but can be controlled for a fraction of the cost. ___% of their budget goes to fight M.
|
30s; $12B; 40%
|
|
Canada has all _____ Plasmodium bacterium although only __ to ___ can pass on the disease.
|
4; 2 to 3
|
|
Depending on the __________, Anopheles may feed more frequently.
|
temperature
|
|
In order for the parasite to develope, the temperature must be _________ enough. There are ____ climate controls for this disease. The temperature controls the mosquito and the parasite.
|
warm; 30
|
|
M ____ be transferred to the child from the mother. M can also be transferred through:
|
can; organ transplantation, shared needes, and transfusions
|
|
______ women are the main risk group for this disease. They exhibit more ____ and exhibit ______ body temperatures and also releases _______. They also get up in the middle of the night a lot.
|
Pregnant; carbon dioxide, warmer, feramones
|
|
If a pregnant women gets M, she my ____ directly. She may also develop _______. As for the baby, there may be a spontaneous _________, _________, or have a low _______.
|
die; anemia; abortion, neonatal death, birth weight
|
|
In this malaria, the following occurs:
- cold-hot sweating stages - attacks last for 6-10 hrs - bed cloths are drenched - seizures in children - won't die, but will be debailitating |
P. vivax
|
|
This malaria exhibits:
- organ failure - deadly form - abnormalities in blood and metabolism - hemoglobinuria - severe anemia - cerebral malaria |
P. falciprum
|
|
This malaria exhibited:
- abnormal behavior - impairment of consciousness - neurologic abnormalities |
Cerebral malaria
|
|
Blood in the urine because of bleeding in the kidney so urine would be black or dark brown
|
hemoglobinuria
|
|
lack of red blood cells to transfer oxygen
|
anemia
|
|
___________ is used to treat M. It is based on ____________, _____________, and the ____________ of the disease.
|
Chemotherapy; infecting species of plasmodium, possible drug resistance, severity
|
|
Diagnosis is through the identification of _______________ and ___________ in the __________.
|
clinical symptoms; parasite in the blood
|
|
Three things can be used to prevent M.
|
1) mosquito nets
2) protective clothing 3) repellants containing DEET |
|
There is a growing ________ to insecticides.
|
resistance;
|
|
3 physical factors affect the survival of mosquitoes.
|
1) temperature
2) rainfall 3) humidity |
|
3 factos that affect the breeding of mosquitoes.
|
1) altitude
2) latitude 3) landscape |
|
By 340BC, there was _______ used to treat malaria in China. In 1971, there is a very potent anti-malarial substance in the plant.
|
plant
|
|
There were mentions of Malaria in: (3 places)
|
Chinese writings
Greek writings Italian writings - miasmas |
|
Spanish learned of a medicine to treat fevers f/ Malaria. Which king was cured by this?
|
Puruvian bark
|
|
Went by different names:
|
intermittent fever
swamp fever |
|
British called M
|
Ague
|
|
In the 1890s, there were _______ of 100,000 population in the N. States. Meanwhile, there were ________ of 100,000 population in the south.
|
1000, 7000
|
|
The US eradication campaign was from:
|
1947-1951
|
|
They sprayed _______ homes with DDT. In 1947, there were ________ cases left. In 1950, there ________ cases left.
|
4.6M houses; 15,000; 2,000
|
|
There was success with the eradication programs in ________ climates and ________ malaria. There were negligible effects in _______.
|
temperate; seasonal; Heiti, Indonesia, Sub Saharan
|
|
We have not been able to get rid of the disease because:
|
- drug resistance
- lack of funding - war - massive population movements |